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Annotation of 43BSDReno/share/man/man8/man8.vax/format.8, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .\" Copyright (c) 1980,1983 Regents of the University of California.
        !             2: .\" All rights reserved.  The Berkeley software License Agreement
        !             3: .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
        !             4: .\"
        !             5: .\"    @(#)format.8v   6.4 (Berkeley) 5/22/86
        !             6: .\"
        !             7: .TH FORMAT 8V "May 22, 1986"
        !             8: .UC 4
        !             9: .SH NAME
        !            10: format \- how to format disk packs
        !            11: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            12: .PP
        !            13: There are two ways to format disk packs.  The simplest is to
        !            14: use the
        !            15: .I format
        !            16: program.  The alternative is to use the DEC standard formatting
        !            17: software which operates under the DEC diagnostic supervisor. 
        !            18: This manual page describes the operation of
        !            19: .IR format ,
        !            20: then concludes with some remarks about using the DEC formatter.
        !            21: .PP
        !            22: .I Format
        !            23: is a standalone program used to
        !            24: format and check disks prior to constructing
        !            25: file systems.
        !            26: In addition to the formatting
        !            27: operation,
        !            28: .I format
        !            29: records any bad sectors encountered
        !            30: according to DEC standard 144. 
        !            31: Formatting is performed one track at a
        !            32: time by writing the appropriate
        !            33: headers and a test pattern and then checking
        !            34: the sector by reading and verifying the pattern, using
        !            35: the controller's ECC for error detection.
        !            36: A sector is marked bad if an unrecoverable media
        !            37: error is detected, or if a correctable
        !            38: ECC error too many bits in length
        !            39: is detected (such errors are indicated as
        !            40: ``ECC'' in the summary printed upon
        !            41: completing the format operation).
        !            42: After the entire disk
        !            43: has been formatted and checked,
        !            44: the total number of errors are reported,
        !            45: any bad sectors and skip sectors are marked,
        !            46: and a bad sector forwarding table
        !            47: is written to the disk in the first five
        !            48: even numbered sectors of the last track.
        !            49: It is also possible to reformat sections of the disk
        !            50: in units of tracks.
        !            51: .I Format 
        !            52: may be used on any UNIBUS or MASSBUS drive
        !            53: supported by the \fIup\fP and \fIhp\fP device
        !            54: drivers which uses 4-byte headers (everything except RP's).
        !            55: .PP
        !            56: The test pattern used during the media check
        !            57: may be selected from one of: 0xf00f (RH750 worst case),
        !            58: 0xec6d (media worst case), and 0xa5a5 (alternating
        !            59: 1's and 0's).
        !            60: Normally the media worst case pattern is used.
        !            61: .PP
        !            62: .I Format
        !            63: also has an option to perform an extended \*(lqsevere burn-in,\*(rq
        !            64: which makes a number of passes using different patterns.
        !            65: The number of passes can be selected at run time,
        !            66: up to a maximum of 48,
        !            67: with provision for additional passes or termination
        !            68: after the preselected number of passes.
        !            69: This test runs for many hours, depending on the disk and processor.
        !            70: .PP
        !            71: Each time
        !            72: .I format
        !            73: is run to format an entire disk,
        !            74: a completely new bad sector table is generated
        !            75: based on errors encountered while formatting.
        !            76: The device driver, however, will always attempt to
        !            77: read any existing bad sector table when the device is
        !            78: first opened.
        !            79: Thus, if a disk pack has never previously been formatted,
        !            80: or has been formatted with different sectoring,
        !            81: five error messages will be printed when the driver attempts
        !            82: to read the bad sector table; these diagnostics should be ignored.
        !            83: .PP
        !            84: Formatting a 400 megabyte disk on a MASSBUS disk controller
        !            85: usually takes about 20 minutes.
        !            86: Formatting on a UNIBUS disk controller takes significantly
        !            87: longer.
        !            88: For every hundredth cylinder formatted
        !            89: .I format
        !            90: prints a message indicating the current cylinder being formatted.
        !            91: (This message is just to reassure people that nothing is
        !            92: is amiss.)
        !            93: .PP
        !            94: .I Format
        !            95: uses the standard notation of the standalone I/O library
        !            96: in identifying a drive to be formatted.  A drive is
        !            97: specified as
        !            98: .IR zz ( x , y ),
        !            99: where 
        !           100: .I zz
        !           101: refers to the controller type (either
        !           102: .I hp
        !           103: or
        !           104: .IR up ),
        !           105: .I x
        !           106: is the unit number of the drive;
        !           107: 8 times the UNIBUS or MASSBUS
        !           108: adaptor number plus the MASSBUS drive number or UNIBUS
        !           109: drive unit number; and
        !           110: .I y
        !           111: is the file system partition
        !           112: on drive
        !           113: .I x
        !           114: (this should always be 0). 
        !           115: For example, ``hp(1,0)'' indicates that drive
        !           116: 1 on MASSBUS adaptor 0 should be formatted; while
        !           117: ``up(10,0)'' indicates that UNIBUS drive 2 on UNIBUS adaptor 1
        !           118: should be formatted.
        !           119: .PP
        !           120: Before each formatting attempt, 
        !           121: .I format
        !           122: prompts the user in case debugging should be enabled
        !           123: in the appropriate device driver.  A carriage return
        !           124: disables debugging information.
        !           125: .PP
        !           126: .I Format
        !           127: should be used prior to building file systems (with 
        !           128: .IR newfs (8))
        !           129: to insure that all sectors with uncorrectable media errors
        !           130: are remapped.  If a drive develops uncorrectable
        !           131: defects after formatting, either
        !           132: .IR bad144 (8)
        !           133: or
        !           134: .IR badsect (8)
        !           135: should be able to avoid the bad sectors.
        !           136: .SH EXAMPLE
        !           137: A sample run of 
        !           138: .I format
        !           139: is shown below.  
        !           140: In this example (using a VAX-11/780), 
        !           141: .I format
        !           142: is loaded from the console floppy;
        !           143: on an 11/750
        !           144: .I format
        !           145: will be loaded from the root file system with
        !           146: .IR boot (8)
        !           147: following a \*(lqB/3\*(rq command.
        !           148: Boldface means user input.
        !           149: As usual, ``#'' and ``@'' may be used to edit input.
        !           150: .nf
        !           151: .in +0.5i
        !           152: .ta  1i
        !           153: .sp 1
        !           154: >>>\fBL FORMAT\fP
        !           155:        LOAD DONE, 00004400 BYTES LOADED
        !           156: >>>\fBS 2\fP
        !           157: Disk format/check utility
        !           158: .sp
        !           159: Enable debugging (0=none, 1=bse, 2=ecc, 3=bse+ecc)? \fB0\fP
        !           160: Device to format? \fBhp(8,0)\fP
        !           161: (\fIerror messages may occur as old bad sector table is read\fP)
        !           162: Formatting drive hp0 on adaptor 1: verify (yes/no)? \fByes\fP
        !           163: Device data: #cylinders=842, #tracks=20, #sectors=48
        !           164: Starting cylinder (0):
        !           165: Starting track (0):
        !           166: Ending cylinder (841):
        !           167: Ending track (19):
        !           168: Available test patterns are:
        !           169: .in +1.0i
        !           170: 1 - (f00f) RH750 worst case
        !           171: 2 - (ec6d) media worst case
        !           172: 3 - (a5a5) alternating 1's and 0's
        !           173: 4 - (ffff) Severe burnin (up to 48 passes)
        !           174: .in -1.0i
        !           175: Pattern (one of the above, other to restart)? \fB2\fP
        !           176: Maximum number of bit errors to allow for soft ECC (3):
        !           177: Start formatting...make sure the drive is online
        !           178:  ...
        !           179: (\fIsoft ecc's and other errors are reported as they occur\fP)
        !           180:  ...
        !           181: (\fIif 4 write check errors were found, the program terminates like this...\fP)
        !           182:  ...
        !           183: Errors:
        !           184: Bad sector: 0
        !           185: Write check: 4
        !           186: Hard ECC: 0
        !           187: Other hard: 0
        !           188: Marked bad: 0
        !           189: Skipped: 0
        !           190: Total of 4 hard errors revectored.
        !           191: Writing bad sector table at block 808272       
        !           192: (\fI808272 is the block # of the first block in the bad sector table\fP)
        !           193: Done
        !           194: (\fI...program restarts to allow formatting other disks\fP)
        !           195: (\fI...to abort halt machine with ^P\fP)
        !           196: .fi
        !           197: .sp 1
        !           198: .SH DIAGNOSTICS
        !           199: The diagnostics are intended to be self explanatory.
        !           200: .SH "USING DEC SOFTWARE TO FORMAT"
        !           201: .PP
        !           202: .B "Warning:  These instructions are for people with 11/780 CPU's."
        !           203: The steps needed for 11/750 or 11/730 cpu's are similar, but not
        !           204: covered in detail here.
        !           205: .I
        !           206: .PP
        !           207: The formatting procedures are different for each type of disk.  Listed
        !           208: here are the formatting procedures for RK07's, RP0X, and RM0X 
        !           209: disks.
        !           210: .PP
        !           211: You should shut down UNIX and halt the machine to do any disk formatting.
        !           212: Make certain you put in the pack you want formatted.  It is also a good idea
        !           213: to spin down or write protect the disks you don't want to format, just in case.
        !           214: .PP
        !           215: .B "Formatting an RK07."
        !           216: Load the console floppy labeled, "RX11 VAX DSK LD DEV #1" in
        !           217: the console disk drive, and type the following commands:
        !           218: .RS
        !           219: .nf
        !           220: >>>BOOT
        !           221: DIAGNOSTIC SUPERVISOR.  ZZ-ESSAA-X5.0-119  23-JAN-1980 12:44:40.03
        !           222: DS>ATTACH DW780 SBI DW0 3 5
        !           223: DS>ATTACH RK611 DMA
        !           224: DS>ATTACH RK07 DW0 DMA0
        !           225: DS>SELECT DMA0
        !           226: DS>LOAD EVRAC
        !           227: DS>START/SEC:PACKINIT
        !           228: .fi
        !           229: .RE
        !           230: .PP
        !           231: .B "Formatting an RP0X."
        !           232: Follow the above procedures except that the
        !           233: ATTACH and SELECT lines should read:
        !           234: .RS
        !           235: .nf
        !           236: DS>ATTACH RH780 SBI RH0 8 5
        !           237: DS>ATTACH RP0X RH0 DBA0                (RP0X is, e.g. RP06)
        !           238: DS>SELECT DBA0
        !           239: .fi
        !           240: .RE
        !           241: .PP
        !           242: This is for drive 0 on mba0; use 9 instead of 8 for mba1, etc.
        !           243: .PP
        !           244: .B "Formatting an RM0X."
        !           245: Follow the above procedures except that the
        !           246: ATTACH and SELECT lines should read:
        !           247: .RS
        !           248: .nf
        !           249: DS>ATTACH RH780 SBI RH0 8 5
        !           250: DS>ATTACH RM0X RH0 DRA0
        !           251: DS>SELECT DRA0
        !           252: .fi
        !           253: .RE
        !           254: .PP
        !           255: Don't forget to put your UNIX console floppy back
        !           256: in the floppy disk drive.
        !           257: .SH SEE ALSO
        !           258: bad144(8),
        !           259: badsect(8),
        !           260: newfs(8)
        !           261: .SH BUGS
        !           262: An equivalent facility should be available which operates under
        !           263: a running UNIX system. 
        !           264: .PP
        !           265: It should be possible to reformat or verify part or all of a disk,
        !           266: then update the existing bad sector table.

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