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Annotation of 43BSDReno/usr.bin/bc/bc.1, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .\" Copyright (c) 1990 Regents of the University of California.
        !             2: .\" All rights reserved.  The Berkeley software License Agreement
        !             3: .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
        !             4: .\"
        !             5: .\"     @(#)bc.1       6.6 (Berkeley) 7/24/90
        !             6: .\"
        !             7: .Dd July 24, 1990
        !             8: .Dt BC 1
        !             9: .Os ATT 7th
        !            10: .Sh NAME
        !            11: .Nm bc
        !            12: .Nd arbitrary-precision arithmetic language and calculator
        !            13: .Sh SYNOPSIS
        !            14: .Nm bc
        !            15: .Op Fl c
        !            16: .Op Fl l
        !            17: .Ar
        !            18: .Sh DESCRIPTION
        !            19: .Nm Bc
        !            20: is an interactive processor for a language which resembles
        !            21: C but provides unlimited precision arithmetic.
        !            22: It takes input from any files given, then reads
        !            23: the standard input.
        !            24: The
        !            25: .Tp Fl l
        !            26: allow specification
        !            27: of an arbitrary precision math library.
        !            28: .Tp Fl c
        !            29: .Nm Bc
        !            30: is actually a preprocessor for
        !            31: .Ar dc 1 ,
        !            32: which it invokes automatically, unless the
        !            33: .Fl c
        !            34: compile only.
        !            35: option is present.
        !            36: In this case the
        !            37: .Ar dc
        !            38: input is sent to the standard output instead.
        !            39: .Tp 
        !            40: .Pp
        !            41: The syntax for
        !            42: .Nm bc
        !            43: programs is as follows;
        !            44: L means letter a-z,
        !            45: E means expression, S means statement.
        !            46: .Pp
        !            47: Comments
        !            48: .Ds I
        !            49: are enclosed in /* and */.
        !            50: .De
        !            51: .Pp
        !            52: Names
        !            53: .Ds I
        !            54: simple variables: L
        !            55: array elements: L [ E ]
        !            56: The words `ibase', `obase', and `scale'
        !            57: .De
        !            58: .Pp
        !            59: Other operands
        !            60: .Ds I
        !            61: arbitrarily long numbers with optional sign and decimal point.
        !            62: \&( E \&)
        !            63: sqrt ( E )
        !            64: length ( E )   number of significant decimal digits
        !            65: scale ( E )    number of digits right of decimal point
        !            66: L ( E , ... , E )
        !            67: .De
        !            68: .Pp
        !            69: Operators
        !            70: .Ds I
        !            71: \&+  \-  *  /  %  ^ (% is remainder; ^ is power)
        !            72: \&++   \-\-         (prefix and postfix; apply to names)
        !            73: \&==  <=  >=  !=  <  >
        !            74: \&=  +=  \-=  *=  /=  %=  ^=
        !            75: .De
        !            76: .Pp
        !            77: Statements
        !            78: .Ds I
        !            79: E
        !            80: { S ; ... ; S }
        !            81: if ( E ) S
        !            82: while ( E ) S
        !            83: for ( E ; E ; E ) S
        !            84: null statement
        !            85: break
        !            86: quit
        !            87: .De
        !            88: .Pp
        !            89: Function definitions
        !            90: .Ds I
        !            91: define L ( L ,..., L ) {
        !            92:        auto L, ... , L
        !            93:        S; ... S
        !            94:        return ( E )
        !            95: }
        !            96: .De
        !            97: .Pp
        !            98: Functions in
        !            99: .Fl l
        !           100: math library
        !           101: .Dw j(n,x)
        !           102: .Dp s(x)
        !           103: sine
        !           104: .Dp c(x)
        !           105: cosine
        !           106: .Dp e(x)
        !           107: exponential
        !           108: .Dp l(x)
        !           109: log
        !           110: .Dp a(x)
        !           111: arctangent
        !           112: .Dp j(n,x)
        !           113: Bessel function
        !           114: .Dp
        !           115: .Pp
        !           116: All function arguments are passed by value.
        !           117: .Pp
        !           118: The value of a statement that is an expression is printed
        !           119: unless the main operator is an assignment.
        !           120: Either semicolons or newlines may separate statements.
        !           121: Assignment to
        !           122: .Ar scale
        !           123: influences the number of digits to be retained on arithmetic
        !           124: operations in the manner of
        !           125: .Xr dc 1 .
        !           126: Assignments to
        !           127: .Ar ibase
        !           128: or
        !           129: .Ar obase
        !           130: set the input and output number radix respectively.
        !           131: .Pp
        !           132: The same letter may be used as an array, a function,
        !           133: and a simple variable simultaneously.
        !           134: All variables are global to the program.
        !           135: `Auto' variables are pushed down during function calls.
        !           136: When using arrays as function arguments
        !           137: or defining them as automatic variables
        !           138: empty square brackets must follow the array name.
        !           139: .Pp
        !           140: For example
        !           141: .Pp
        !           142: .Ds I
        !           143: scale = 20
        !           144: define e(x){
        !           145:        auto a, b, c, i, s
        !           146:        a = 1
        !           147:        b = 1
        !           148:        s = 1
        !           149:        for(i=1; 1==1; i++){
        !           150:                a = a*x
        !           151:                b = b*i
        !           152:                c = a/b
        !           153:                if(c == 0) return(s)
        !           154:                s = s+c
        !           155:        }
        !           156: }
        !           157: .De
        !           158: .Pp
        !           159: .fi
        !           160: defines a function to compute an approximate value of
        !           161: the exponential function and
        !           162: .Pp
        !           163: .Dl for(i=1; i<=10; i++) e(i)
        !           164: .Pp
        !           165: prints approximate values of the exponential function of
        !           166: the first ten integers.
        !           167: .Sh FILES
        !           168: .\" /usr/lib/lib.b     mathematical library
        !           169: .Dw Dc(1)
        !           170: .Di L
        !           171: .Dp Pa dc(1)   desk calculator proper
        !           172: .Dp
        !           173: .Sh SEE ALSO
        !           174: .Xr dc 1
        !           175: .br
        !           176: L. L. Cherry and R. Morris,
        !           177: .Em BC \- An arbitrary precision desk-calculator language
        !           178: .Sh HISTORY
        !           179: The
        !           180: .Nm bc
        !           181: command appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX.
        !           182: .Sh BUGS
        !           183: No &&, \(or\\(or, or ! operators.
        !           184: .br
        !           185: .Ql For
        !           186: statement must have all three E's.
        !           187: .br
        !           188: .Ql Quit
        !           189: is interpreted when read, not when executed.

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