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1.1 root 1: .\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
2: .\" All rights reserved.
3: .\"
4: .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided
5: .\" that: (1) source distributions retain this entire copyright notice and
6: .\" comment, and (2) distributions including binaries display the following
7: .\" acknowledgement: ``This product includes software developed by the
8: .\" University of California, Berkeley and its contributors'' in the
9: .\" documentation or other materials provided with the distribution and in
10: .\" all advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software.
11: .\" Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may
12: .\" be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
13: .\" specific prior written permission.
14: .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
15: .\" WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
16: .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
17: .\"
18: .\" @(#)ex.1 6.6 (Berkeley) 7/24/90
19: .\"
20: .Dd July 24, 1990
21: .Dt EX 1
22: .Os BSD 4
23: .Sh NAME
24: .Nm ex , edit
25: .Nd text editor
26: .Sh SYNOPSIS
27: .Nm ex
28: .Op Fl
29: .Op Fl v
30: .Op Fl t Ar tag
31: .Op Fl r
32: .Oo
33: .Op Cm + Ar command
34: .Oo
35: .Op Fl l
36: .Ar name
37: \&...
38: .Nm edit
39: .Op ex options
40: .Sh DESCRIPTION
41: .Nm Ex
42: is the root of a family of editors:
43: .Nm edit ,
44: .Nm ex
45: and
46: .Nm vi .
47: .Nm Ex
48: is a superset of
49: .Xr ed ,
50: with the most notable extension being a display editing facility.
51: Display based editing is the focus of
52: .Xr vi 1 .
53: .Pp
54: If you have not used
55: .Xr ed 1 ,
56: or are a casual user, you will find that the editor
57: .Nm edit
58: is convenient for you.
59: It avoids some of the complexities of
60: .Nm ex
61: used mostly by systems programmers and persons very familiar with
62: .Xr ed 1 .
63: .Pp
64: If you have a
65: .Li CRT
66: terminal, you may wish to use a display
67: based editor; in this case
68: see
69: .Xr vi 1 ,
70: which is a command which focuses on the display editing portion of
71: .Nm ex .
72: .Sh DOCUMENTATION
73: The document
74: .Em Edit: A tutorial
75: (USD:14) provides a comprehensive introduction to
76: .Nm edit
77: assuming no previous knowledge of computers or the UNIX
78: system.
79: .Pp
80: The
81: .Em Ex Reference Manual \- Version 3.7
82: (USD:16)
83: is a comprehensive and complete manual for the command mode features
84: of
85: .Nm ex ,
86: but you cannot learn to use the editor by reading it.
87: For an introduction to
88: more advanced forms of editing using the command mode of
89: .Nm ex
90: see the editing documents written by Brian Kernighan for the editor
91: .Xr ed 1 ;
92: the material in the introductory and advanced documents works also with
93: .Nm ex .
94: .Pp
95: .Em An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi
96: (USD:15)
97: introduces the display editor
98: .Xr vi 1
99: and provides reference material on
100: .Xr vi 1 .
101: In addition, the
102: .Em Vi Quick Reference
103: card summarizes the commands
104: of
105: .Xr vi 1
106: in a useful, functional way, and is useful with the
107: .Em Introduction .
108: .Sh ENVIRONMENT
109: The
110: .Nm
111: command uses the following environment variables.
112: .Tw Fl
113: .Tp Ev EXINIT
114: User specified startup values for
115: .Nm ex .
116: .Tp Ev HOME
117: Default directory to search for
118: the file
119: .Pa ~/.exrc
120: .Tp Ev SHELL
121: Shell used for
122: .Em escaped
123: commands (with the
124: .Ic \&!
125: command).
126: .Tp Ev TERM
127: Terminal type.
128: .Tp Ev TERMCAP
129: Alternate termcap file.
130: .Tp
131: .Sh FILES
132: .Dw /usr/libexec/ex?.?preserve
133: .Di L
134: .Dp Pa /usr/libexec/ex?.?strings
135: error messages
136: .Dp Pa /usr/libexec/ex?.?recover
137: recover command
138: .Dp Pa /usr/libexec/ex?.?preserve
139: preserve command
140: .Dp Pa /usr/share/misc/termcap
141: describes capabilities of terminals
142: .Dp Pa ~/.exrc
143: editor startup file
144: .Dc Pa /tmp/Ex
145: .Ar nnnnn
146: .Cx
147: editor temporary
148: .Dc Pa /tmp/Rx
149: .Ar nnnnn
150: .Cx
151: named buffer temporary
152: .Dp Pa /var/preserve
153: preservation directory
154: .Dp
155: .Sh SEE ALSO
156: .Xr awk 1 ,
157: .Xr ed 1 ,
158: .Xr grep 1 ,
159: .Xr sed 1 ,
160: .Xr grep 1 ,
161: .Xr vi 1 ,
162: .Xr termcap 5 ,
163: .Xr environ 7
164: .Sh HISTORY
165: .Nm Ex
166: appeared in 3 BSD.
167: .Sh AUTHOR
168: Originally written by William Joy
169: .br
170: Mark Horton has maintained the editor since version 2.7, adding macros,
171: support for many unusual terminals,
172: and other features such as word abbreviation mode.
173: .Sh BUGS
174: The
175: .Ic undo
176: command causes all marks to be lost on lines changed and then restored
177: if the marked lines were changed.
178: .Pp
179: .Ic Undo
180: never clears the buffer modified condition.
181: .Pp
182: The
183: .Ic z
184: command prints a number of logical rather than physical lines.
185: More than a screen full of output may result if long lines are present.
186: .Pp
187: File input/output errors don't print a name if the command line
188: .Sq Fl
189: option is used.
190: .Pp
191: There is no easy way to do a single scan ignoring case.
192: .Pp
193: The editor does not warn if text is placed in named buffers and not used
194: before exiting the editor.
195: .Pp
196: Null characters are discarded in input files, and cannot appear in resultant
197: files.
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