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1.1 ! root 1: .\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990 The Regents of the University of California. ! 2: .\" All rights reserved. ! 3: .\" ! 4: .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided ! 5: .\" that: (1) source distributions retain this entire copyright notice and ! 6: .\" comment, and (2) distributions including binaries display the following ! 7: .\" acknowledgement: ``This product includes software developed by the ! 8: .\" University of California, Berkeley and its contributors'' in the ! 9: .\" documentation or other materials provided with the distribution and in ! 10: .\" all advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software. ! 11: .\" Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may ! 12: .\" be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without ! 13: .\" specific prior written permission. ! 14: .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED ! 15: .\" WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF ! 16: .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ! 17: .\" ! 18: .\" @(#)mail.1 6.16 (Berkeley) 7/24/90 ! 19: .\" ! 20: .Dd July 24, 1990 ! 21: .Dt MAIL 1 ! 22: .Os BSD 4 ! 23: .Sh NAME ! 24: .Nm mail ! 25: .Nd send and receive mail ! 26: .Sh SYNOPSIS ! 27: .Nm mail ! 28: .Op Fl iInv ! 29: .Op Fl s Ar subject ! 30: .Op Fl c Ar cc-addr ! 31: .Op Fl b Ar bcc-addr ! 32: .Ar to-addr... ! 33: .br ! 34: .Nm mail ! 35: .Op Fl iInNv ! 36: .Fl f ! 37: .Op Ar name ! 38: .br ! 39: .Nm mail ! 40: .Op Fl iInNv ! 41: .Op Fl u Ar user ! 42: .Sh INTRODUCTION ! 43: .Nm Mail ! 44: is a intelligent mail processing system, which has ! 45: a command syntax reminiscent of ! 46: .Xr ed 1 ! 47: with lines replaced by messages. ! 48: .Pp ! 49: .Tw Ds ! 50: .Tp Fl v ! 51: Verbose mode. The details of ! 52: delivery are displayed on the users terminal. ! 53: .Tp Fl i ! 54: Ignore tty interrupt signals. This is ! 55: particularly useful when using ! 56: .Nm mail ! 57: on noisy phone lines. ! 58: .Tp Fl I ! 59: Forces mail to run in interactive mode even when ! 60: input isn't a terminal. In particular, the ! 61: .Sq Ic \&~ ! 62: special ! 63: character when sending mail is only active in interactive mode. ! 64: .Tp Fl n ! 65: Inhibits reading ! 66: .Pa /usr/share/misc/Mail.rc ! 67: upon startup. ! 68: .Tp Fl N ! 69: Inhibits the initial display of message headers ! 70: when reading mail or editing a mail folder. ! 71: .Tp Fl s ! 72: Specify subject on command line ! 73: (only the first argument after the ! 74: .Fl s ! 75: flag is used as a subject; be careful to quote subjects ! 76: containing spaces.) ! 77: .Tp Fl c ! 78: Send carbon copies to ! 79: .Ar list ! 80: of users. ! 81: .Tp Fl b ! 82: Send blind carbon copies to ! 83: .Ar list . ! 84: List should be a comma-separated list of names. ! 85: .Tp Fl f ! 86: Read in the contents of your ! 87: .Ar mbox ! 88: (or the specified file) ! 89: for processing; when you ! 90: .Ar quit , ! 91: .Nm mail ! 92: writes undeleted messages back to this file. ! 93: .Tp Fl u ! 94: Is equivalent to: ! 95: .Dl mail -f /var/spool/mail/user ! 96: .Tp ! 97: .Ss Sending mail ! 98: To send a message to one or more people, ! 99: .Nm mail ! 100: can be invoked with arguments which are the names of people to ! 101: whom the mail will be sent. You are then expected to type in ! 102: your message, followed ! 103: by an ! 104: .Sq Li control\-D ! 105: at the beginning of a line. ! 106: The section below ! 107: .Ar Replying to or originating mail , ! 108: describes some features of ! 109: .Nm mail ! 110: available to help you compose your letter. ! 111: .Pp ! 112: .Ss Reading mail ! 113: In normal usage ! 114: .Nm mail ! 115: is given no arguments and checks your mail out of the ! 116: post office, then ! 117: prints out a one line header of each message found. ! 118: The current message is initially the first message (numbered 1) ! 119: and can be printed using the ! 120: .Ic print ! 121: command (which can be abbreviated ! 122: .Cx \&( ! 123: .Ic p ! 124: .Cx \&)). ! 125: .Cx ! 126: You can move among the messages much as you move between lines in ! 127: .Xr ed 1 , ! 128: with the commands ! 129: .Sq Ic \&+ ! 130: and ! 131: .Sq Ic \&\- ! 132: moving backwards and forwards, and ! 133: simple numbers. ! 134: .Pp ! 135: .Ss Disposing of mail. ! 136: After examining a message you can ! 137: .Ic delete ! 138: .Cx \&( ! 139: .Ic d ! 140: .Cx \&) ! 141: .Cx ! 142: the message or ! 143: .Ic reply ! 144: .Cx \&( ! 145: .Ic r ! 146: .Cx \&) ! 147: .Cx ! 148: to it. ! 149: Deletion causes the ! 150: .Nm mail ! 151: program to forget about the message. ! 152: This is not irreversible; the message can be ! 153: .Ic undeleted ! 154: .Cx \&( ! 155: .Ic u ! 156: .Cx \&) ! 157: .Cx ! 158: by giving its number, or the ! 159: .Nm mail ! 160: session can be aborted by giving the ! 161: .Ic exit ! 162: .Cx \&( ! 163: .Ic x ! 164: .Cx \&) ! 165: .Cx ! 166: command. ! 167: Deleted messages will, however, usually disappear never to be seen again. ! 168: .Pp ! 169: .Ss Specifying messages ! 170: Commands such as ! 171: .Ic print ! 172: and ! 173: .Ic delete ! 174: can be given a list of message numbers as arguments to apply ! 175: to a number of messages at once. ! 176: Thus ! 177: .Dq Li delete 1 2 ! 178: deletes messages 1 and 2, while ! 179: .Dq Li delete 1\-5 ! 180: deletes messages 1 through 5. ! 181: The special name ! 182: .Sq Li \&* ! 183: addresses all messages, and ! 184: .Sq Li \&$ ! 185: addresses ! 186: the last message; thus the command ! 187: .Ic top ! 188: which prints the first few lines of a message could be used in ! 189: .Dq Li top \&* ! 190: to print the first few lines of all messages. ! 191: .Pp ! 192: .Ss Replying to or originating mail. ! 193: You can use the ! 194: .Ic reply ! 195: command to ! 196: set up a response to a message, sending it back to the ! 197: person who it was from. ! 198: Text you then type in, up to an end-of-file, ! 199: defines the contents of the message. ! 200: While you are composing a message, ! 201: .Nm mail ! 202: treats lines beginning with the character ! 203: .Sq Ic \&~ ! 204: specially. ! 205: For instance, typing ! 206: .Sq Ic \&~m ! 207: (alone on a line) will place a copy ! 208: of the current message into the response right shifting it by a tabstop ! 209: (see ! 210: .Em indentprefix ! 211: variable, below). ! 212: Other escapes will set up subject fields, add and delete recipients ! 213: to the message and allow you to escape to an editor to revise the ! 214: message or to a shell to run some commands. (These options ! 215: are given in the summary below.) ! 216: .Pp ! 217: .Ss Ending a mail processing session. ! 218: You can end a ! 219: .Nm mail ! 220: session with the ! 221: .Ic quit ! 222: .Cx \&( ! 223: .Ic q ! 224: .Cx \&) ! 225: .Cx ! 226: command. ! 227: Messages which have been examined go to your ! 228: .Ar mbox ! 229: file unless they have been deleted in which case they are discarded. ! 230: Unexamined messages go back to the post office. (See the ! 231: .Fl f ! 232: option above). ! 233: .Pp ! 234: .Ss Personal and systemwide distribution lists. ! 235: It is also possible to create a personal distribution lists so that, ! 236: for instance, you can send mail to ! 237: .Dq Li cohorts ! 238: and have it go ! 239: to a group of people. ! 240: Such lists can be defined by placing a line like ! 241: .Pp ! 242: .Dl alias cohorts bill ozalp jkf mark kridle@ucbcory ! 243: .Pp ! 244: in the file ! 245: .Pa \&.mailrc ! 246: in your home directory. ! 247: The current list of such aliases can be displayed with the ! 248: .Ic alias ! 249: command in ! 250: .Nm mail . ! 251: System wide distribution lists can be created by editing ! 252: .Pa /etc/aliases , ! 253: see ! 254: .Xr aliases 5 ! 255: and ! 256: .Xr sendmail 8 ; ! 257: these are kept in a different syntax. ! 258: In mail you send, personal aliases will be expanded in mail sent ! 259: to others so that they will be able to ! 260: .Ic reply ! 261: to the recipients. ! 262: System wide ! 263: .Ic aliases ! 264: are not expanded when the mail is sent, ! 265: but any reply returned to the machine will have the system wide ! 266: alias expanded as all mail goes through ! 267: .Xr sendmail . ! 268: .Pp ! 269: .Ss Network mail (ARPA, UUCP, Berknet) ! 270: See ! 271: .Xr mailaddr 7 ! 272: for a description of network addresses. ! 273: .Pp ! 274: .Nm Mail ! 275: has a number of options which can be set in the ! 276: .Pa \& .mailrc ! 277: file to alter its behavior; thus ! 278: .Dq Li set askcc ! 279: enables the ! 280: .Ar askcc ! 281: feature. (These options are summarized below.) ! 282: .Sh SUMMARY ! 283: (Adapted from the `Mail Reference Manual') ! 284: .Pp ! 285: Each command is typed on a line by itself, and may take arguments ! 286: following the command word. The command need not be typed in its ! 287: entirety \- the first command which matches the typed prefix is used. ! 288: For commands which take message lists as arguments, if no message ! 289: list is given, then the next message forward which satisfies the ! 290: command's requirements is used. If there are no messages forward of ! 291: the current message, the search proceeds backwards, and if there are no ! 292: good messages at all, ! 293: .Nm mail ! 294: types ! 295: .Dq Li No applicable messages ! 296: and ! 297: aborts the command. ! 298: .Tp Ic \&\- ! 299: Print out the preceding message. If given a numeric ! 300: argument ! 301: .Ar n , ! 302: goes to the ! 303: .Cx Ar n ! 304: .Cx \'th ! 305: .Cx ! 306: previous message and prints it. ! 307: .Tp Ic \&? ! 308: Prints a brief summary of commands. ! 309: .Tp Ic \&! ! 310: Executes the shell ! 311: (see ! 312: .Xr sh 1 ! 313: and ! 314: .Xr csh 1 ) ! 315: command which follows. ! 316: .Tp Ic Print ! 317: .Cx \&( ! 318: .Ic P ! 319: .Cx \&) ! 320: .Cx ! 321: Like ! 322: .Ic print ! 323: but also prints out ignored header fields. See also ! 324: .Ic print , ! 325: .Ic ignore ! 326: and ! 327: .Ic retain . ! 328: .Tp Ic Reply ! 329: .Cx \&( ! 330: .Ic R ! 331: .Cx \&) ! 332: .Cx ! 333: Reply to originator. Does not reply to other ! 334: recipients of the original message. ! 335: .Tp Ic Type ! 336: .Cx \&( ! 337: .Ic T ! 338: .Cx \&) ! 339: .Cx ! 340: Identical to the ! 341: .Ic Print ! 342: command. ! 343: .Tp Ic alias ! 344: .Cx \&( ! 345: .Ic a ! 346: .Cx \&) ! 347: .Cx ! 348: With no arguments, prints out all currently-defined aliases. With one ! 349: argument, prints out that alias. With more than one argument, creates ! 350: a new alias or changes an old one. ! 351: .Tp Ic alternates ! 352: .Cx \&( ! 353: .Ic alt ! 354: .Cx \&) ! 355: .Cx ! 356: The ! 357: .Ic alternates ! 358: command is useful if you have accounts on several machines. ! 359: It can be used to inform ! 360: .Nm mail ! 361: that the listed addresses are really you. When you ! 362: .Ic reply ! 363: to messages, ! 364: .Nm mail ! 365: will not send a copy of the message to any of the addresses ! 366: listed on the ! 367: .Ic alternates ! 368: list. If the ! 369: .Ic alternates ! 370: command is given with no argument, the current set of alternate ! 371: names is displayed. ! 372: .Tp Ic chdir ! 373: .Cx \&( ! 374: .Ic c ! 375: .Cx \&) ! 376: .Cx ! 377: Changes the user's working directory to that specified, if given. If ! 378: no directory is given, then changes to the user's login directory. ! 379: .Tp Ic copy ! 380: .Cx \&( ! 381: .Ic co ! 382: .Cx \&) ! 383: .Cx ! 384: The ! 385: .Ic copy ! 386: command does the same thing that ! 387: .Ic save ! 388: does, except that it does not mark the messages it ! 389: is used on for deletion when you quit. ! 390: .Tp Ic delete ! 391: .Cx \&( ! 392: .Ic d ! 393: .Cx \&) ! 394: .Cx ! 395: Takes a list of messages as argument and marks them all as deleted. ! 396: Deleted messages will not be saved in ! 397: .Ar mbox , ! 398: nor will they be available for most other commands. ! 399: .Tp Ic dp ! 400: (also ! 401: .Ic dt ) ! 402: Deletes the current message and prints the next message. ! 403: If there is no next message, ! 404: .Nm mail ! 405: says ! 406: .Dq Li at EOF. ! 407: .Tp Ic edit ! 408: .Cx \&( ! 409: .Ic e ! 410: .Cx \&) ! 411: .Cx ! 412: Takes a list of messages and points the text editor at each one in ! 413: turn. On return from the editor, the message is read back in. ! 414: .Tp Ic exit ! 415: .Cx \&( ! 416: .Ic ex ! 417: .Cx ! 418: or ! 419: .Ic x ) ! 420: Effects an immediate return to the Shell without ! 421: modifying the user's system mailbox, his ! 422: .Ar mbox ! 423: file, or his edit file in ! 424: .Fl f . ! 425: .Tp Ic file ! 426: .Cx \&( ! 427: .Ic fi ! 428: .Cx ) ! 429: .Cx ! 430: The same as ! 431: .Ic folder . ! 432: .Tp Ic folders ! 433: List the names of the folders in your folder directory. ! 434: .Tp Ic folder ! 435: .Cx \&( ! 436: .Ic fo ! 437: .Cx \&) ! 438: .Cx ! 439: The ! 440: .Ic folder ! 441: command switches to a new mail file or folder. With no ! 442: arguments, it tells you which file you are currently reading. ! 443: If you give it an argument, it will write out changes (such ! 444: as deletions) you have made in the current file and read in ! 445: the new file. Some special conventions are recognized for ! 446: the name. # means the previous file, % means your system ! 447: mailbox, %user means user's system mailbox, & means ! 448: your ! 449: .Ar mbox ! 450: file, and +folder means a file in your folder ! 451: directory. ! 452: .Tp Ic from ! 453: .Cx \&( ! 454: .Ic f ! 455: .Cx \&) ! 456: .Cx ! 457: Takes a list of messages and prints their message headers. ! 458: .Tp Ic headers ! 459: .Cx \&( ! 460: .Ic h ! 461: .Cx \&) ! 462: .Cx ! 463: Lists the current range of headers, which is an 18\-message group. If ! 464: a ! 465: .Sq Li \&+ ! 466: argument is given, then the next 18\-message group is printed, and if ! 467: a ! 468: .Sq Li \&\- ! 469: argument is given, the previous 18\-message group is printed. ! 470: .Tp Ic help ! 471: A synonym for ! 472: .Ic \&? ! 473: .Tp Ic hold ! 474: .Cx \&( ! 475: .Ic ho , ! 476: .Cx ! 477: also ! 478: .Ic preserve ) ! 479: Takes a message list and marks each ! 480: message therein to be saved in the ! 481: user's system mailbox instead of in ! 482: .Ar mbox . ! 483: Does not override the ! 484: .Ic delete ! 485: command. ! 486: .Tp Ic ignore ! 487: .Sy N.B.: ! 488: .Ic Ignore ! 489: has been superseded by ! 490: .Ic retain . ! 491: .br ! 492: Add the list of header fields named to the ! 493: .Ar ignored list ! 494: Header fields in the ignore list are not printed ! 495: on your terminal when you print a message. This ! 496: command is very handy for suppression of certain machine-generated ! 497: header fields. The ! 498: .Ic Type ! 499: and ! 500: .Ic Print ! 501: commands can be used to print a message in its entirety, including ! 502: ignored fields. If ! 503: .Ic ignore ! 504: is executed with no arguments, it lists the current set of ! 505: ignored fields. ! 506: .Tp Ic mail ! 507: .Cx \&( ! 508: .Ic m ! 509: .Cx \&) ! 510: .Cx ! 511: Takes as argument login names and distribution group names and sends ! 512: mail to those people. ! 513: .Tp Ic mbox ! 514: Indicate that a list of messages be sent to ! 515: .Ic mbox ! 516: in your home directory when you quit. This is the default ! 517: action for messages if you do ! 518: .Em not ! 519: have the ! 520: .Ic hold ! 521: option set. ! 522: .Tp Ic next ! 523: .Cx \&( ! 524: .Ic n ! 525: .Cx ! 526: like ! 527: .Ic \&+ ! 528: or CR) Goes to the next message in sequence and types it. ! 529: With an argument list, types the next matching message. ! 530: .Tp Ic preserve ! 531: .Cx \&( ! 532: .Ic pre ! 533: .Cx \&) ! 534: .Cx ! 535: A synonym for ! 536: .Ic hold . ! 537: .Tp Ic print ! 538: .Cx \&( ! 539: .Ic p ! 540: .Cx \&) ! 541: .Cx ! 542: Takes a message list and types out each message on the user's terminal. ! 543: .Tp Ic quit ! 544: .Cx \&( ! 545: .Ic q ! 546: .Cx \&) ! 547: .Cx ! 548: Terminates the session, saving all undeleted, unsaved messages in ! 549: the user's ! 550: .Ar mbox ! 551: file in his login directory, preserving all messages marked with ! 552: .Ic hold ! 553: or ! 554: .Ic preserve ! 555: or never referenced ! 556: in his system mailbox, and removing all other messages from his system ! 557: mailbox. If new mail has arrived during the session, the message ! 558: .Dq Li You have new mail ! 559: is given. If given while editing a ! 560: mailbox file with the ! 561: .Fl f ! 562: flag, then the edit file is rewritten. A return to the Shell is ! 563: effected, unless the rewrite of edit file fails, in which case the user ! 564: can escape with the ! 565: .Ic exit ! 566: command. ! 567: .Tp Ic reply ! 568: .Cx \&( ! 569: .Ic r ! 570: .Cx \&) ! 571: .Cx ! 572: Takes a message list and sends mail to the sender and all ! 573: recipients of the specified message. ! 574: The default message must not be deleted. ! 575: .Tp Ic respond ! 576: A synonym for ! 577: .Ic reply . ! 578: .Tp Ic retain ! 579: Add the list of header fields named to the ! 580: .Ar retained list ! 581: Only the header fields in the retain list ! 582: are shown on your terminal when you print a message. ! 583: All other header fields are suppressed. ! 584: The ! 585: .Ic Type ! 586: and ! 587: .Ic Print ! 588: commands can be used to print a message in its entirety. ! 589: If ! 590: .Ic retain ! 591: is executed with no arguments, it lists the current set of ! 592: retained fields. ! 593: .Tp Ic save ! 594: .Cx \&( ! 595: .Ic s ! 596: .Cx \&) ! 597: .Cx ! 598: Takes a message list and a filename and appends each message in ! 599: turn to the end of the file. The filename in quotes, followed by the line ! 600: count and character count is echoed on the user's terminal. ! 601: .Tp Ic set ! 602: .Cx \&( ! 603: .Ic se ! 604: .Cx \&) ! 605: .Cx ! 606: With no arguments, prints all variable values. Otherwise, sets ! 607: option. Arguments are of the form ! 608: .Ar option=value ! 609: (no space before or after =) or ! 610: .Ar option . ! 611: Quotation marks may be placed around any part of the assignment statement to ! 612: quote blanks or tabs, i.e. ! 613: .Dq Li set indentprefix="->" ! 614: .Tp Ic saveignore ! 615: .Ic Saveignore ! 616: is to ! 617: .Ic save ! 618: what ! 619: .Ic ignore ! 620: is to ! 621: .Ic print ! 622: and ! 623: .Ic type . ! 624: Header fields thus marked are filtered out when ! 625: saving a message by ! 626: .Ic save ! 627: or when automatically saving to ! 628: .Ar mbox . ! 629: .Tp Ic saveretain ! 630: .Ic Saveretain ! 631: is to ! 632: .Ic save ! 633: what ! 634: .Ic retain ! 635: is to ! 636: .Ic print ! 637: and ! 638: .Ic type . ! 639: Header fields thus marked are the only ones saved ! 640: with a message when saving by ! 641: .Ic save ! 642: or when automatically saving to ! 643: .Ar mbox . ! 644: .Ic Saveretain ! 645: overrides ! 646: .Ic saveignore . ! 647: .Tp Ic shell ! 648: .Cx \&( ! 649: .Ic sh ! 650: .Cx \&) ! 651: .Cx ! 652: Invokes an interactive version of the shell. ! 653: .Tp Ic size ! 654: Takes a message list and prints out the size in characters of each ! 655: message. ! 656: .Tp Ic source ! 657: .Cx \&( ! 658: .Ic so ! 659: .Cx \&) ! 660: The ! 661: .Ic source ! 662: command reads ! 663: .Nm mail ! 664: commands from a file. ! 665: .Tp Ic top ! 666: Takes a message list and prints the top few lines of each. The number of ! 667: lines printed is controlled by the variable ! 668: .Ic toplines ! 669: and defaults to five. ! 670: .Tp Ic type ! 671: .Cx \&( ! 672: .Ic t ! 673: .Cx \&) ! 674: .Cx ! 675: A synonym for ! 676: .Ic print . ! 677: .Tp Ic unalias ! 678: Takes a list of names defined by ! 679: .Ic alias ! 680: commands and discards the remembered groups of users. The group names ! 681: no longer have any significance. ! 682: .Tp Ic undelete ! 683: .Cx \&( ! 684: .Ic u ! 685: .Cx \&) ! 686: .Cx ! 687: Takes a message list and marks each message as ! 688: .Ic not ! 689: being deleted. ! 690: .Tp Ic unread ! 691: .Cx \&( ! 692: .Ic U ! 693: .Cx \&) ! 694: .Cx ! 695: Takes a message list and marks each message as ! 696: .Ic not ! 697: having been read. ! 698: .Tp Ic unset ! 699: Takes a list of option names and discards their remembered values; ! 700: the inverse of ! 701: .Ic set . ! 702: .Tp Ic visual ! 703: .Cx \&( ! 704: .Ic v ! 705: .Cx \&) ! 706: .Cx ! 707: Takes a message list and invokes the display editor on each message. ! 708: .Tp Ic write ! 709: .Cx \&( ! 710: .Ic w ! 711: .Cx \&) ! 712: .Cx ! 713: Similar to ! 714: .Ic save , ! 715: except that ! 716: .Ic only ! 717: the message body ! 718: .Cx \&( ! 719: .Ar without ! 720: .Cx ! 721: the header) is saved. ! 722: Extremely useful for such tasks as sending and receiving source ! 723: program text over the message system. ! 724: .Tp Ic xit ! 725: .Cx \&( ! 726: .Ic x ! 727: .Cx \&) ! 728: .Cx ! 729: A synonym for ! 730: .Ic exit . ! 731: .Tp Ic z ! 732: .Nm Mail ! 733: presents message headers in windowfuls as described under the ! 734: .Ic headers ! 735: command. You can move ! 736: .Cx Nm mail ! 737: .Cx 's ! 738: .Cx ! 739: attention forward to the next window with the ! 740: .Ic \&z ! 741: command. Also, you can move to the previous window by using ! 742: .Ic \&z\&\- . ! 743: .Tp ! 744: .Ss Tilde/Escapes ! 745: .Pp ! 746: Here is a summary of the tilde escapes, ! 747: which are used when composing messages to perform ! 748: special functions. Tilde escapes are only recognized at the beginning ! 749: of lines. The name ! 750: .Dq Em tilde\ escape ! 751: is somewhat of a misnomer since the actual escape character can be set ! 752: by the option ! 753: .Ic escape . ! 754: .Tw Ds ! 755: .Tp Cx Ic \&~! ! 756: .Ar command ! 757: .Cx ! 758: Execute the indicated shell command, then return to the message. ! 759: .Tp Cx Ic \&~b ! 760: .Ar name ... ! 761: .Cx ! 762: Add the given names to the list of carbon copy recipients but do not make ! 763: the names visible in the Cc: line ("blind" carbon copy). ! 764: .Tp Cx Ic \&~c ! 765: .Ar name ... ! 766: .Cx ! 767: Add the given names to the list of carbon copy recipients. ! 768: .Tp Ic \&~d ! 769: Read the file ! 770: .Dq Pa dead.letter ! 771: from your home directory into the message. ! 772: .Tp Ic \&~e ! 773: Invoke the text editor on the message collected so far. After the ! 774: editing session is finished, you may continue appending text to the ! 775: message. ! 776: .Tp Cx Ic \&~f ! 777: .Ar messages ! 778: .Cx ! 779: Read the named messages into the message being sent. ! 780: If no messages are specified, read in the current message. ! 781: Message headers currently being ignored (by the ! 782: .Ic ignore ! 783: or ! 784: .Ic retain ! 785: command) are not included. ! 786: .Tp Cx Ic \&~F ! 787: .Ar messages ! 788: .Cx ! 789: Identical to ! 790: .Ic \&~f , ! 791: except all message headers are included. ! 792: .Tp Ic \&~h ! 793: Edit the message header fields by typing each one in turn and allowing ! 794: the user to append text to the end or modify the field by using the ! 795: current terminal erase and kill characters. ! 796: .Tp Cx Ic \&~m ! 797: .Ar messages ! 798: .Cx ! 799: Read the named messages into the message being sent, indented by a ! 800: tab or by the value of ! 801: .Ar indentprefix . ! 802: If no messages are specified, ! 803: read the current message. ! 804: Message headers currently being ignored (by the ! 805: .Ic ignore ! 806: or ! 807: .Ic retain ! 808: command) are not included. ! 809: .Tp Cx Ic \&~M ! 810: .Ar messages ! 811: .Cx ! 812: Identical to ! 813: .Ic \&~m , ! 814: except all message headers are included. ! 815: .Tp Ic \&~p ! 816: Print out the message collected so far, prefaced by the message header ! 817: fields. ! 818: .Tp Ic \&~q ! 819: Abort the message being sent, copying the message to ! 820: .Dq Pa dead.letter ! 821: in your home directory if ! 822: .Ic save ! 823: is set. ! 824: .Tp Cx Ic \&~r ! 825: .Ar filename ! 826: .Cx ! 827: Read the named file into the message. ! 828: .Tp Cx Ic \&~s ! 829: .Ar string ! 830: .Cx ! 831: Cause the named string to become the current subject field. ! 832: .Tp Cx Ic \&~\&t ! 833: .Ar name ... ! 834: .Cx ! 835: Add the given names to the direct recipient list. ! 836: .\" This .br should have to be here ! 837: .br ! 838: .Tp Ic \&~\&v ! 839: Invoke an alternate editor (defined by the VISUAL option) on the ! 840: message collected so far. Usually, the alternate editor will be a ! 841: screen editor. After you quit the editor, you may resume appending ! 842: text to the end of your message. ! 843: .Tp Cx Ic \&~w ! 844: .Ar filename ! 845: .Cx ! 846: Write the message onto the named file. ! 847: .Tp Cx Ic \&~\&| ! 848: .Ar command ! 849: .Cx ! 850: Pipe the message through the command as a filter. If the command gives ! 851: no output or terminates abnormally, retain the original text of the ! 852: message. The command ! 853: .Xr fmt 1 ! 854: is often used as ! 855: .Ic command ! 856: to rejustify the message. ! 857: .Tp Cx Ic \&~: ! 858: .Ar mail-command ! 859: .Cx ! 860: Execute the given mail command. Not all commands, however, are allowed. ! 861: .Tp Cx Ic \&~~ ! 862: .Ar string ! 863: .Cx ! 864: Insert the string of text in the message prefaced by a single ~. If ! 865: you have changed the escape character, then you should double ! 866: that character in order to send it. ! 867: .Tp ! 868: .Ss Mail Options ! 869: Options are controlled via ! 870: .Ic set ! 871: and ! 872: .Ic unset ! 873: commands. Options may be either binary, in which case it is only ! 874: significant to see whether they are set or not; or string, in which ! 875: case the actual value is of interest. ! 876: The binary options include the following: ! 877: .Tp Ar append ! 878: Causes messages saved in ! 879: .Ar mbox ! 880: to be appended to the end rather than prepended. ! 881: This should always be set (perhaps in ! 882: .Pa /usr/share/misc/Mail.rc ) . ! 883: .Tp Ar ask ! 884: Causes ! 885: .Nm mail ! 886: to prompt you for the subject of each message you send. If ! 887: you respond with simply a newline, no subject field will be sent. ! 888: .Tp Ar askcc ! 889: Causes you to be prompted for additional carbon copy recipients at the ! 890: end of each message. Responding with a newline indicates your ! 891: satisfaction with the current list. ! 892: .Tp Ar autoprint ! 893: Causes the ! 894: .Ic delete ! 895: command to behave like ! 896: .Ic dp ! 897: \- thus, after deleting a message, the next one will be typed ! 898: automatically. ! 899: .Tp Ar debug ! 900: Setting the binary option ! 901: .Ar debug ! 902: is the same as specifying ! 903: .Fl d ! 904: on the command line and causes ! 905: .Nm mail ! 906: to output all sorts of information useful for debugging ! 907: .Nm mail . ! 908: .Tp Ar dot ! 909: The binary option ! 910: .Ar dot ! 911: causes ! 912: .Nm mail ! 913: to interpret a period alone on a line as the terminator ! 914: of a message you are sending. ! 915: .Tp Ar hold ! 916: This option is used to hold messages in the system mailbox ! 917: by default. ! 918: .Tp Ar ignore ! 919: Causes interrupt signals from your terminal to be ignored and echoed as ! 920: @'s. ! 921: .Tp Ar ignoreeof ! 922: An option related to ! 923: .Ar dot ! 924: is ! 925: .Ar ignoreeof ! 926: which makes ! 927: .Nm mail ! 928: refuse to accept a control-d as the end of a message. ! 929: .Ar Ignoreeof ! 930: also applies to ! 931: .Nm mail ! 932: command mode. ! 933: .Tp Ar metoo ! 934: Usually, when a group is expanded that contains the sender, the sender ! 935: is removed from the expansion. Setting this option causes the sender ! 936: to be included in the group. ! 937: .Tp Ar noheader ! 938: Setting the option ! 939: .Ar noheader ! 940: is the same as giving the ! 941: .Fl N ! 942: flag on the command line. ! 943: .Tp Ar nosave ! 944: Normally, when you abort a message with two ! 945: .Li RUBOUT ! 946: (erase or delete) ! 947: .Nm mail ! 948: copies the partial letter to the file ! 949: .Dq Pa dead.letter ! 950: in your home directory. Setting the binary option ! 951: .Ar nosave ! 952: prevents this. ! 953: .Tp Ar Replyall ! 954: Reverses the sense of ! 955: .Ic reply ! 956: and ! 957: .Ic Reply ! 958: commands. ! 959: .Tp Ar quiet ! 960: Suppresses the printing of the version when first invoked. ! 961: .Tp Ar verbose ! 962: Setting the option ! 963: .Ar verbose ! 964: is the same as using the ! 965: .Fl v ! 966: flag on the command line. When mail runs in verbose mode, ! 967: the actual delivery of messages is displayed on he users ! 968: terminal. ! 969: .Tp ! 970: .Ss Option String Values ! 971: .Tw Va ! 972: .Tp Va EDITOR ! 973: Pathname of the text editor to use in the ! 974: .Ic edit ! 975: command and ! 976: .Ic \&~e ! 977: escape. If not defined, then a default editor is used. ! 978: .Tp Va LISTER ! 979: Pathname of the directory lister to use in the ! 980: .Ic folders ! 981: command. Default is ! 982: .Pa /bin/ls . ! 983: .Tp Va PAGER ! 984: Pathname of the program to use in the ! 985: .Ic more ! 986: command or when ! 987: .Ic crt ! 988: variable is set. The default paginator ! 989: .Xr more 1 ! 990: is used if this option is not defined. ! 991: .Tp Va SHELL ! 992: Pathname of the shell to use in the ! 993: .Ic \&! ! 994: command and the ! 995: .Ic \&~! ! 996: escape. A default shell is used if this option is ! 997: not defined. ! 998: .Tp Va VISUAL ! 999: Pathname of the text editor to use in the ! 1000: .Ic visual ! 1001: command and ! 1002: .Ic \&~v ! 1003: escape. ! 1004: .Tp Va crt ! 1005: The valued option ! 1006: .Va crt ! 1007: is used as a threshold to determine how long a message must ! 1008: be before ! 1009: .Va PAGER ! 1010: is used to read it. If ! 1011: .Va crt ! 1012: is set without a value, ! 1013: then the height of the terminal screen stored in the system ! 1014: is used to compute the threshold (see ! 1015: .Xr stty 1 ) . ! 1016: .Tp Ar escape ! 1017: If defined, the first character of this option gives the character to ! 1018: use in the place of ~ to denote escapes. ! 1019: .Tp Ar folder ! 1020: The name of the directory to use for storing folders of ! 1021: messages. If this name begins with a `/', ! 1022: .Nm mail ! 1023: considers it to be an absolute pathname; otherwise, the ! 1024: folder directory is found relative to your home directory. ! 1025: .Tp Ar MBOX ! 1026: The name of the ! 1027: .Ar mbox ! 1028: file. It can be the name of a folder. ! 1029: The default is ! 1030: .Dq Li mbox ! 1031: in the user's home directory. ! 1032: .Tp Ar record ! 1033: If defined, gives the pathname of the file used to record all outgoing ! 1034: mail. If not defined, then outgoing mail is not so saved. ! 1035: .Tp Ar indentprefix ! 1036: String used by the ``~m'' tilde escape for indenting messages, in place of ! 1037: the normal tab character (^I). Be sure to quote the value if it contains ! 1038: spaces or tabs. ! 1039: .Tp Ar toplines ! 1040: If defined, gives the number of lines of a message to be printed out ! 1041: with the ! 1042: .Ic top ! 1043: command; normally, the first five lines are printed. ! 1044: .Tp ! 1045: .Sh ENVIRONMENT ! 1046: .Nm Mail ! 1047: utilizes the ! 1048: .Ev HOME ! 1049: and ! 1050: .Ev USER ! 1051: environment variables. ! 1052: .Sh FILES ! 1053: .Dw /usr/share/misc/Mail.help* ! 1054: .Di L ! 1055: .Dp Pa /var/spool/mail/* ! 1056: post office ! 1057: .Dp ~/mbox ! 1058: your old mail ! 1059: .Dp ~/.mailrc ! 1060: file giving initial mail commands ! 1061: .Dp Pa /tmp/R* ! 1062: temporary files ! 1063: .Dp Pa /usr/share/misc/Mail.help* ! 1064: help files ! 1065: .Dp Pa /usr/share/misc/Mail.rc ! 1066: system initialization file ! 1067: .Dp ! 1068: .Sh SEE ALSO ! 1069: .Xr binmail 1 , ! 1070: .Xr fmt 1 , ! 1071: .Xr newaliases 1 , ! 1072: .Xr vacation 1 , ! 1073: .Xr aliases 5 , ! 1074: .Xr mailaddr 7 , ! 1075: .Xr sendmail 8 ! 1076: and ! 1077: .Em The Mail Reference Manual . ! 1078: .Sh HISTORY ! 1079: A ! 1080: .Nm mail ! 1081: command ! 1082: appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX. ! 1083: This man page is derived from ! 1084: .Em The Mail Reference Manual ! 1085: originally written by Kurt Shoens. ! 1086: .Sh BUGS ! 1087: There are some flags that are not documented here. Most are ! 1088: not useful to the general user. ! 1089: .Pp ! 1090: Usually, ! 1091: .Nm mail ! 1092: is just a link to ! 1093: .Nm Mail , ! 1094: which can be confusing.
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