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1.1 ! root 1: .\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1990 The Regents of the University of California. ! 2: .\" Copyright (c) 1988 Mark Nudleman ! 3: .\" All rights reserved. ! 4: .\" ! 5: .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided ! 6: .\" that: (1) source distributions retain this entire copyright notice and ! 7: .\" comment, and (2) distributions including binaries display the following ! 8: .\" acknowledgement: ``This product includes software developed by the ! 9: .\" University of California, Berkeley and its contributors'' in the ! 10: .\" documentation or other materials provided with the distribution and in ! 11: .\" all advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software. ! 12: .\" Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may ! 13: .\" be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without ! 14: .\" specific prior written permission. ! 15: .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED ! 16: .\" WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF ! 17: .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ! 18: .\" ! 19: .\" @(#)more.1 5.13 (Berkeley) 7/24/90 ! 20: .\" ! 21: .Dd July 24, 1990 ! 22: .Dt MORE 1 ! 23: .Sh NAME ! 24: .Nm more ! 25: .Nd file perusal filter for crt viewing ! 26: .Sh SYNOPSIS ! 27: .Nm more ! 28: .Op Fl ceinus ! 29: .Op Fl t Ar tag ! 30: .Op Fl x Ar tabs ! 31: .Op Fl / Ar pattern ! 32: .Op Fl # ! 33: .Ar ! 34: .Sh DESCRIPTION ! 35: .Nm More ! 36: is a filter for paging through text one screenful at a time. It ! 37: uses ! 38: .Xr termcap 3 ! 39: so it can run on a variety of terminals. There is even limited support ! 40: for hardcopy terminals. (On a hardcopy terminal, lines which should be ! 41: printed at the top of the screen are prefixed with an up-arrow.) ! 42: .Ar File ! 43: may be a single dash (``-''), implying stdin. ! 44: .Sh OPTIONS ! 45: Command line options are described below. ! 46: Options are also taken from the environment variable ! 47: .Ev MORE ! 48: (make sure to precede them with a dash (``-'')) but command ! 49: line options will override them. ! 50: .Tw Fl ! 51: .Tp Fl c ! 52: Normally, ! 53: .Nm more ! 54: will repaint the screen by scrolling from the bottom of the screen. ! 55: If the ! 56: .Fl c ! 57: option is set, when ! 58: .Nm more ! 59: needs to change the entire display, it will paint from the top line down. ! 60: .Tp Fl e ! 61: Normally, if displaying a single file, ! 62: .Nm more ! 63: exits as soon as it reaches end-of-file. The ! 64: .Fl e ! 65: option tells more to ! 66: exit if it reaches end-of-file twice without an intervening operation. ! 67: If the file is shorter than a single screen ! 68: .Nm more ! 69: will exit at end-of-file regardless. ! 70: .Tp Fl i ! 71: The ! 72: .Fl i ! 73: option causes searches to ignore case; that is, ! 74: uppercase and lowercase are considered identical. ! 75: .Tp Fl n ! 76: The ! 77: .Fl n ! 78: flag suppresses line numbers. ! 79: The default (to use line numbers) may cause ! 80: .Nm more ! 81: to run more slowly in some cases, especially with a very large input file. ! 82: Suppressing line numbers with the ! 83: .Fl n ! 84: flag will avoid this problem. ! 85: Using line numbers means: the line number will be displayed in the ! 86: .Cm = ! 87: command, and the ! 88: .Cm v ! 89: command will pass the current line number to the editor. ! 90: .Tp Fl s ! 91: The ! 92: .Fl s ! 93: option causes ! 94: consecutive blank lines to be squeezed into a single blank line. ! 95: .Tp Fl t ! 96: The ! 97: .Fl t ! 98: option, followed immediately by a tag, will edit the file ! 99: containing that tag. For more information, see the ! 100: .Xr ctags 1 ! 101: command. ! 102: .Tp Fl u ! 103: By default, ! 104: .Nm more ! 105: treats backspaces and CR-LF sequences specially. Backspaces which appear ! 106: adjacent to an underscore character are displayed as underlined text. ! 107: Backspaces which appear between two identical characters are displayed ! 108: as emboldened text. CR-LF sequences are compressed to a single linefeed ! 109: character. The ! 110: .Fl u ! 111: option causes backspaces to always be displayed as ! 112: control characters, i.e. as the two character sequence ``^H'', and CR-LF ! 113: to be left alone. ! 114: .Tp Fl x ! 115: The ! 116: .Fl x ! 117: option sets tab stops every ! 118: .Ar N ! 119: positions. The default for ! 120: .Ar N ! 121: is 8. ! 122: .Tp Fl \&/ ! 123: The ! 124: .Fl \&/ ! 125: option specifies a string that will be searched for before ! 126: each file is displayed. ! 127: .Sh COMMANDS ! 128: Interactive commands for ! 129: .Nm more ! 130: are based on ! 131: .Xr vi 1 . ! 132: Some commands may be preceeded by a decimal number, called N in the ! 133: descriptions below. ! 134: In the following descriptions, ^X means control-X. ! 135: .Pp ! 136: .Tw Ic ! 137: .Tp Ic h ! 138: help: display a summary of these commands. ! 139: If you forget all the other commands, remember this one. ! 140: .Tp Cx Ic SPACE ! 141: .Ws ! 142: .Cx or ! 143: .Ws ! 144: .Ic f ! 145: .Ws ! 146: .Cx or ! 147: .Ws ! 148: .Ic \&^F ! 149: .Cx ! 150: Scroll forward N lines, default one window. ! 151: If N is more than the screen size, only the final screenful is displayed. ! 152: .Tp Cx Ic b ! 153: .Ws ! 154: .Cx or ! 155: .Ws ! 156: .Ic \&^B ! 157: .Cx ! 158: Scroll backward N lines, default one window (see option -z below). ! 159: If N is more than the screen size, only the final screenful is displayed. ! 160: .Tp Cx Ic j ! 161: .Ws ! 162: .Cx or ! 163: .Ws ! 164: .Ic RETURN ! 165: .Cx ! 166: Scroll forward N lines, default 1. ! 167: The entire N lines are displayed, even if N is more than the screen size. ! 168: .Tp Ic k ! 169: Scroll backward N lines, default 1. ! 170: The entire N lines are displayed, even if N is more than the screen size. ! 171: .Tp Cx Ic d ! 172: .Ws ! 173: .Cx or ! 174: .Ws ! 175: .Ic \&^D ! 176: .Cx ! 177: Scroll forward N lines, default one half of the screen size. ! 178: If N is specified, it becomes the new default for ! 179: subsequent d and u commands. ! 180: .Tp Cx Ic u ! 181: .Ws ! 182: .Cx or ! 183: .Ws ! 184: .Ic \&^U ! 185: .Cx ! 186: Scroll backward N lines, default one half of the screen size. ! 187: If N is specified, it becomes the new default for ! 188: subsequent d and u commands. ! 189: .Tp Ic g ! 190: Go to line N in the file, default 1 (beginning of file). ! 191: .Tp Ic G ! 192: Go to line N in the file, default the end of the file. ! 193: .Tp Cx Ic p ! 194: .Ws ! 195: .Cx or ! 196: .Ws ! 197: .Ic \&% ! 198: .Cx ! 199: Go to a position N percent into the file. N should be between 0 ! 200: and 100. (This works if standard input is being read, but only if ! 201: .Nm more ! 202: has already read to the end of the file. It is always fast, but ! 203: not always useful.) ! 204: .Tp Cx Ic r ! 205: .Ws ! 206: .Cx or ! 207: .Ws ! 208: .Ic \&^L ! 209: .Cx ! 210: Repaint the screen. ! 211: .Tp Ic R ! 212: Repaint the screen, discarding any buffered input. ! 213: Useful if the file is changing while it is being viewed. ! 214: .Tp Ic m ! 215: Followed by any lowercase letter, ! 216: marks the current position with that letter. ! 217: .Tp Ic \&\' ! 218: (Single quote.) ! 219: Followed by any lowercase letter, returns to the position which ! 220: was previously marked with that letter. ! 221: Followed by another single quote, returns to the postion at ! 222: which the last "large" movement command was executed, or the ! 223: beginning of the file if no such movements have occurred. ! 224: All marks are lost when a new file is examined. ! 225: .Tp Cx Ic \&/ ! 226: .Ar pattern ! 227: .Cx ! 228: Search forward in the file for the N-th line containing the pattern. ! 229: N defaults to 1. ! 230: The pattern is a regular expression, as recognized by ! 231: .Xr ed . ! 232: The search starts at the second line displayed. ! 233: .Tp Cx Ic \&\? ! 234: .Ar pattern ! 235: .Cx ! 236: Search backward in the file for the N-th line containing the pattern. ! 237: The search starts at the line immediately before the top line displayed. ! 238: .Tp Cx Ic \&/\&! ! 239: .Ar pattern ! 240: .Cx ! 241: Like /, but the search is for the N-th line ! 242: which does NOT contain the pattern. ! 243: .Tp Cx Ic \&?\&! ! 244: .Ar pattern ! 245: .Cx ! 246: Like ?, but the search is for the N-th line ! 247: which does NOT contain the pattern. ! 248: .Tp Ic n ! 249: Repeat previous search, for N-th line containing the last pattern ! 250: (or NOT containing the last pattern, if the previous search ! 251: was /! or ?!). ! 252: .Tp Cx Ic E ! 253: .Ws ! 254: .Op Ar filename ! 255: .Cx ! 256: Examine a new file. ! 257: If the filename is missing, the "current" file (see the N and P commands ! 258: below) from the list of files in the command line is re-examined. ! 259: If the filename is a pound sign (#), the previously examined file is ! 260: re-examined. ! 261: .Tp Cx Ic N ! 262: .Ws ! 263: .Cx or ! 264: .Ws ! 265: .Ic \&:n ! 266: .Cx ! 267: Examine the next file (from the list of files given in the command line). ! 268: If a number N is specified (not to be confused with the command N), ! 269: the N-th next file is examined. ! 270: .Tp Cx Ic P ! 271: .Ws ! 272: .Cx or ! 273: .Ws ! 274: .Ic \&:p ! 275: .Cx ! 276: Examine the previous file. ! 277: If a number N is specified, the N-th previous file is examined. ! 278: .Tp Ic \&:t ! 279: Go to supplied tag. ! 280: .Tp Ic v ! 281: Invokes an editor to edit the current file being viewed. ! 282: The editor is taken from the environment variable ! 283: .Ev EDITOR , ! 284: or defaults to ! 285: .Xr vi 1 . ! 286: .Tp Cx Ic \&= ! 287: .Ws ! 288: .Cx or ! 289: .Ws ! 290: .Ic \&^G ! 291: .Cx ! 292: These options print out the number of the file currently being displayed ! 293: relative to the total number of files there are to display, the current ! 294: line number, the current byte number and the total bytes to display, and ! 295: what percentage of the file has been displayed. If ! 296: .Nm more ! 297: is reading from stdin, or the file is shorter than a single screen, some ! 298: of these items may not be available. Note, all of these items reference ! 299: the first byte of the last line displayed on the screen. ! 300: .Tp Cx Ic q ! 301: .Ws ! 302: .Cx or ! 303: .Ws ! 304: .Ic \&:q ! 305: .Ws ! 306: .Cx or ! 307: .Ws ! 308: .Ic ZZ ! 309: .Cx ! 310: Exits ! 311: .Nm more . ! 312: .Tp ! 313: .Sh ENVIRONMENT ! 314: .Nm More ! 315: utilizes the following environment variables, if they exist: ! 316: .Tw Fl ! 317: .Tp Ev MORE ! 318: This variable may be set with favored options to ! 319: .Nm more . ! 320: .Tp Ev EDITOR ! 321: Specify default editor. ! 322: .Tp Ev SHELL ! 323: Current shell in use (normally set by the shell at login time). ! 324: .Tp Ev TERM ! 325: Specifies terminal type, used by more to get the terminal ! 326: characteristics necessary to manipulate the screen. ! 327: .Tp ! 328: .Sh SEE ALSO ! 329: .Xr ctags 1 , ! 330: .Xr vi 1 ! 331: .Sh AUTHOR ! 332: This software is derived from software contributed to Berkeley ! 333: by Mark Nudleman. ! 334: .Sh HISTORY ! 335: .Nm more ! 336: appeared in 3 BSD.
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