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1.1 root 1: .\" Copyright (c) 1988, 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
2: .\" Copyright (c) 1988 Mark Nudleman
3: .\" All rights reserved.
4: .\"
5: .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided
6: .\" that: (1) source distributions retain this entire copyright notice and
7: .\" comment, and (2) distributions including binaries display the following
8: .\" acknowledgement: ``This product includes software developed by the
9: .\" University of California, Berkeley and its contributors'' in the
10: .\" documentation or other materials provided with the distribution and in
11: .\" all advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software.
12: .\" Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may
13: .\" be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
14: .\" specific prior written permission.
15: .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
16: .\" WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
17: .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
18: .\"
19: .\" @(#)more.1 5.13 (Berkeley) 7/24/90
20: .\"
21: .Dd July 24, 1990
22: .Dt MORE 1
23: .Sh NAME
24: .Nm more
25: .Nd file perusal filter for crt viewing
26: .Sh SYNOPSIS
27: .Nm more
28: .Op Fl ceinus
29: .Op Fl t Ar tag
30: .Op Fl x Ar tabs
31: .Op Fl / Ar pattern
32: .Op Fl #
33: .Ar
34: .Sh DESCRIPTION
35: .Nm More
36: is a filter for paging through text one screenful at a time. It
37: uses
38: .Xr termcap 3
39: so it can run on a variety of terminals. There is even limited support
40: for hardcopy terminals. (On a hardcopy terminal, lines which should be
41: printed at the top of the screen are prefixed with an up-arrow.)
42: .Ar File
43: may be a single dash (``-''), implying stdin.
44: .Sh OPTIONS
45: Command line options are described below.
46: Options are also taken from the environment variable
47: .Ev MORE
48: (make sure to precede them with a dash (``-'')) but command
49: line options will override them.
50: .Tw Fl
51: .Tp Fl c
52: Normally,
53: .Nm more
54: will repaint the screen by scrolling from the bottom of the screen.
55: If the
56: .Fl c
57: option is set, when
58: .Nm more
59: needs to change the entire display, it will paint from the top line down.
60: .Tp Fl e
61: Normally, if displaying a single file,
62: .Nm more
63: exits as soon as it reaches end-of-file. The
64: .Fl e
65: option tells more to
66: exit if it reaches end-of-file twice without an intervening operation.
67: If the file is shorter than a single screen
68: .Nm more
69: will exit at end-of-file regardless.
70: .Tp Fl i
71: The
72: .Fl i
73: option causes searches to ignore case; that is,
74: uppercase and lowercase are considered identical.
75: .Tp Fl n
76: The
77: .Fl n
78: flag suppresses line numbers.
79: The default (to use line numbers) may cause
80: .Nm more
81: to run more slowly in some cases, especially with a very large input file.
82: Suppressing line numbers with the
83: .Fl n
84: flag will avoid this problem.
85: Using line numbers means: the line number will be displayed in the
86: .Cm =
87: command, and the
88: .Cm v
89: command will pass the current line number to the editor.
90: .Tp Fl s
91: The
92: .Fl s
93: option causes
94: consecutive blank lines to be squeezed into a single blank line.
95: .Tp Fl t
96: The
97: .Fl t
98: option, followed immediately by a tag, will edit the file
99: containing that tag. For more information, see the
100: .Xr ctags 1
101: command.
102: .Tp Fl u
103: By default,
104: .Nm more
105: treats backspaces and CR-LF sequences specially. Backspaces which appear
106: adjacent to an underscore character are displayed as underlined text.
107: Backspaces which appear between two identical characters are displayed
108: as emboldened text. CR-LF sequences are compressed to a single linefeed
109: character. The
110: .Fl u
111: option causes backspaces to always be displayed as
112: control characters, i.e. as the two character sequence ``^H'', and CR-LF
113: to be left alone.
114: .Tp Fl x
115: The
116: .Fl x
117: option sets tab stops every
118: .Ar N
119: positions. The default for
120: .Ar N
121: is 8.
122: .Tp Fl \&/
123: The
124: .Fl \&/
125: option specifies a string that will be searched for before
126: each file is displayed.
127: .Sh COMMANDS
128: Interactive commands for
129: .Nm more
130: are based on
131: .Xr vi 1 .
132: Some commands may be preceeded by a decimal number, called N in the
133: descriptions below.
134: In the following descriptions, ^X means control-X.
135: .Pp
136: .Tw Ic
137: .Tp Ic h
138: help: display a summary of these commands.
139: If you forget all the other commands, remember this one.
140: .Tp Cx Ic SPACE
141: .Ws
142: .Cx or
143: .Ws
144: .Ic f
145: .Ws
146: .Cx or
147: .Ws
148: .Ic \&^F
149: .Cx
150: Scroll forward N lines, default one window.
151: If N is more than the screen size, only the final screenful is displayed.
152: .Tp Cx Ic b
153: .Ws
154: .Cx or
155: .Ws
156: .Ic \&^B
157: .Cx
158: Scroll backward N lines, default one window (see option -z below).
159: If N is more than the screen size, only the final screenful is displayed.
160: .Tp Cx Ic j
161: .Ws
162: .Cx or
163: .Ws
164: .Ic RETURN
165: .Cx
166: Scroll forward N lines, default 1.
167: The entire N lines are displayed, even if N is more than the screen size.
168: .Tp Ic k
169: Scroll backward N lines, default 1.
170: The entire N lines are displayed, even if N is more than the screen size.
171: .Tp Cx Ic d
172: .Ws
173: .Cx or
174: .Ws
175: .Ic \&^D
176: .Cx
177: Scroll forward N lines, default one half of the screen size.
178: If N is specified, it becomes the new default for
179: subsequent d and u commands.
180: .Tp Cx Ic u
181: .Ws
182: .Cx or
183: .Ws
184: .Ic \&^U
185: .Cx
186: Scroll backward N lines, default one half of the screen size.
187: If N is specified, it becomes the new default for
188: subsequent d and u commands.
189: .Tp Ic g
190: Go to line N in the file, default 1 (beginning of file).
191: .Tp Ic G
192: Go to line N in the file, default the end of the file.
193: .Tp Cx Ic p
194: .Ws
195: .Cx or
196: .Ws
197: .Ic \&%
198: .Cx
199: Go to a position N percent into the file. N should be between 0
200: and 100. (This works if standard input is being read, but only if
201: .Nm more
202: has already read to the end of the file. It is always fast, but
203: not always useful.)
204: .Tp Cx Ic r
205: .Ws
206: .Cx or
207: .Ws
208: .Ic \&^L
209: .Cx
210: Repaint the screen.
211: .Tp Ic R
212: Repaint the screen, discarding any buffered input.
213: Useful if the file is changing while it is being viewed.
214: .Tp Ic m
215: Followed by any lowercase letter,
216: marks the current position with that letter.
217: .Tp Ic \&\'
218: (Single quote.)
219: Followed by any lowercase letter, returns to the position which
220: was previously marked with that letter.
221: Followed by another single quote, returns to the postion at
222: which the last "large" movement command was executed, or the
223: beginning of the file if no such movements have occurred.
224: All marks are lost when a new file is examined.
225: .Tp Cx Ic \&/
226: .Ar pattern
227: .Cx
228: Search forward in the file for the N-th line containing the pattern.
229: N defaults to 1.
230: The pattern is a regular expression, as recognized by
231: .Xr ed .
232: The search starts at the second line displayed.
233: .Tp Cx Ic \&\?
234: .Ar pattern
235: .Cx
236: Search backward in the file for the N-th line containing the pattern.
237: The search starts at the line immediately before the top line displayed.
238: .Tp Cx Ic \&/\&!
239: .Ar pattern
240: .Cx
241: Like /, but the search is for the N-th line
242: which does NOT contain the pattern.
243: .Tp Cx Ic \&?\&!
244: .Ar pattern
245: .Cx
246: Like ?, but the search is for the N-th line
247: which does NOT contain the pattern.
248: .Tp Ic n
249: Repeat previous search, for N-th line containing the last pattern
250: (or NOT containing the last pattern, if the previous search
251: was /! or ?!).
252: .Tp Cx Ic E
253: .Ws
254: .Op Ar filename
255: .Cx
256: Examine a new file.
257: If the filename is missing, the "current" file (see the N and P commands
258: below) from the list of files in the command line is re-examined.
259: If the filename is a pound sign (#), the previously examined file is
260: re-examined.
261: .Tp Cx Ic N
262: .Ws
263: .Cx or
264: .Ws
265: .Ic \&:n
266: .Cx
267: Examine the next file (from the list of files given in the command line).
268: If a number N is specified (not to be confused with the command N),
269: the N-th next file is examined.
270: .Tp Cx Ic P
271: .Ws
272: .Cx or
273: .Ws
274: .Ic \&:p
275: .Cx
276: Examine the previous file.
277: If a number N is specified, the N-th previous file is examined.
278: .Tp Ic \&:t
279: Go to supplied tag.
280: .Tp Ic v
281: Invokes an editor to edit the current file being viewed.
282: The editor is taken from the environment variable
283: .Ev EDITOR ,
284: or defaults to
285: .Xr vi 1 .
286: .Tp Cx Ic \&=
287: .Ws
288: .Cx or
289: .Ws
290: .Ic \&^G
291: .Cx
292: These options print out the number of the file currently being displayed
293: relative to the total number of files there are to display, the current
294: line number, the current byte number and the total bytes to display, and
295: what percentage of the file has been displayed. If
296: .Nm more
297: is reading from stdin, or the file is shorter than a single screen, some
298: of these items may not be available. Note, all of these items reference
299: the first byte of the last line displayed on the screen.
300: .Tp Cx Ic q
301: .Ws
302: .Cx or
303: .Ws
304: .Ic \&:q
305: .Ws
306: .Cx or
307: .Ws
308: .Ic ZZ
309: .Cx
310: Exits
311: .Nm more .
312: .Tp
313: .Sh ENVIRONMENT
314: .Nm More
315: utilizes the following environment variables, if they exist:
316: .Tw Fl
317: .Tp Ev MORE
318: This variable may be set with favored options to
319: .Nm more .
320: .Tp Ev EDITOR
321: Specify default editor.
322: .Tp Ev SHELL
323: Current shell in use (normally set by the shell at login time).
324: .Tp Ev TERM
325: Specifies terminal type, used by more to get the terminal
326: characteristics necessary to manipulate the screen.
327: .Tp
328: .Sh SEE ALSO
329: .Xr ctags 1 ,
330: .Xr vi 1
331: .Sh AUTHOR
332: This software is derived from software contributed to Berkeley
333: by Mark Nudleman.
334: .Sh HISTORY
335: .Nm more
336: appeared in 3 BSD.
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