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Annotation of 43BSDReno/usr.bin/uucp/L.sys.5, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .\" Copyright (c) 1986 Regents of the University of California.
        !             2: .\" All rights reserved.  The Berkeley software License Agreement
        !             3: .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
        !             4: .\"
        !             5: .\"    @(#)L.sys.5     6.1 (Berkeley) 4/24/86
        !             6: .\"
        !             7: .TH L.SYS 5 "April 24, 1986"
        !             8: .UC 6
        !             9: .SH NAME
        !            10: L.sys \- UUCP remote host description file 
        !            11: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            12: The
        !            13: .I L.sys
        !            14: file is consulted by the UUCP daemon
        !            15: .IR uucico (8C)
        !            16: for information on remote systems.
        !            17: .I L.sys
        !            18: includes the system name, appropriate times to call, phone numbers, and a 
        !            19: login and password for the remote system.
        !            20: .I L.sys
        !            21: is thus a privileged file, owned by the UUCP Administrator;
        !            22: it is accessible only to the Administrator and to the superuser.
        !            23: .PP
        !            24: Each line in
        !            25: .I L.sys
        !            26: describes one connection to one remote host, and has the form:
        !            27: .PP
        !            28: .nf
        !            29: System  Times  Caller  Class  Device/Phone_Number  [Expect  Send]....
        !            30: .fi
        !            31: .PP
        !            32: Fields can be separated by any number of blanks or tabs. Lines beginning
        !            33: with a `#' character are comments; long lines can be continued by appending
        !            34: a `\\' character to the end of the line.
        !            35: .PP
        !            36: The first five fields
        !            37: .RI ( System
        !            38: through
        !            39: .IR Device/Phone_Number )
        !            40: specify the hardware mechanism that is necessary to make a connection
        !            41: to a remote host, such as a modem or network.
        !            42: .I Uucico
        !            43: searches from the top down through
        !            44: .I L.sys
        !            45: to find the desired
        !            46: .IR System ;
        !            47: it then opens the
        !            48: .IR L-devices (5)
        !            49: file and searches for the first available device with the same
        !            50: .IR Caller ,
        !            51: .IR Class ,
        !            52: and (possibly)
        !            53: .IR Device .
        !            54: (``Available'' means that the device is ready and not being used
        !            55: for something else.) 
        !            56: .I Uucico
        !            57: attempts a connection using that device; if
        !            58: the connection cannot be made (for example, a
        !            59: dialer gets a busy signal),
        !            60: .I uucico
        !            61: tries the next available device. If this also fails, it returns to
        !            62: .I L.sys
        !            63: to look for another line for the same
        !            64: .IR System .
        !            65: If none is found,
        !            66: .I uucico
        !            67: gives up.
        !            68: .PP
        !            69: .I System
        !            70: is the hostname of the remote system.
        !            71: Every machine with which this system communicates via UUCP should be listed,
        !            72: regardless of who calls whom.
        !            73: Systems not listed in
        !            74: .I L.sys
        !            75: will not be permitted a connection.
        !            76: The local hostname should
        !            77: .B not
        !            78: appear here for security reasons.
        !            79: .PP
        !            80: .I Times
        !            81: is a comma-separated list of the times of the day and week that 
        !            82: calls are permitted to this
        !            83: .IR System .  
        !            84: .I Times
        !            85: is most commonly used
        !            86: to restrict long distance telephone calls to those times when
        !            87: rates are lower.  List items are constructed as:
        !            88: .PP
        !            89: .nf
        !            90:        \fIkeyword\fPhhmm\fB-\fPhhmm\fB/\fP\fIgrade\fP\fB;\fP\fIretry_time\fP
        !            91: .fi
        !            92: .PP
        !            93: .I Keyword
        !            94: is required, and must be one of:
        !            95: .TP 8
        !            96: .B Any
        !            97: Any time, any day of the week.
        !            98: .TP 8
        !            99: .B Wk
        !           100: Any weekday. In addition,
        !           101: .BR Mo ,
        !           102: .BR Tu ,
        !           103: .BR We ,
        !           104: .BR Th ,
        !           105: .BR Fr ,
        !           106: .BR Sa ,
        !           107: and
        !           108: .B Su
        !           109: can be used for Monday through Sunday, respectively.
        !           110: .TP 8
        !           111: .B Evening
        !           112: When evening telephone rates are in effect, from 1700 to 0800 Monday
        !           113: through Friday, and all day Saturday and Sunday.
        !           114: .B Evening
        !           115: is the same as
        !           116: .BR Wk1700-0800,Sa,Su .
        !           117: .TP 8
        !           118: .B Night
        !           119: When nighttime telephone rates are in effect, from 2300 to 0800 Monday
        !           120: through Friday, all day Saturday, and from 2300 to 1700 Sunday.
        !           121: .B Night
        !           122: is the same as
        !           123: .BR Any2300-0800,Sa,Su0800-1700 .
        !           124: .TP 8
        !           125: .B NonPeak
        !           126: This is a slight modification of 
        !           127: .BR Evening .
        !           128: It matches when the USA X.25 carriers have their lower rate period. This
        !           129: is 1800 to 0700 Monday through Friday, and all day Saturday and Sunday.
        !           130: .B NonPeak
        !           131: is the same as
        !           132: .BR Any1800-0700,Sa,Su .
        !           133: .TP 8
        !           134: .B Never
        !           135: Never call; calling into this
        !           136: .I System
        !           137: is forbidden or impossible.
        !           138: This is intended for polled connections, where the
        !           139: remote system calls into the local machine periodically.
        !           140: This is necessary when one of the machines is lacking
        !           141: either dial-in or dial-out modems.
        !           142: .PP
        !           143: The optional
        !           144: .I hhmm-hhmm
        !           145: subfield provides a time range that modifies the keyword.
        !           146: .I hhmm
        !           147: refers to
        !           148: .I hours
        !           149: and
        !           150: .I minutes
        !           151: in 24-hour time (from 0000 to 2359).
        !           152: The time range is permitted to "wrap" around midnight, and will behave in
        !           153: the obvious way. It is invalid to follow the
        !           154: .BR Evening ,
        !           155: .BR NonPeak ,
        !           156: and
        !           157: .B Night
        !           158: keywords with a time range.
        !           159: .PP
        !           160: The
        !           161: .I grade
        !           162: subfield is optional; if present, it is composed of a `/'
        !           163: (slash) and single 
        !           164: character denoting the
        !           165: .I grade
        !           166: of the connection, from
        !           167: .B 0
        !           168: to
        !           169: .BR 9 ,
        !           170: .B A
        !           171: to 
        !           172: .BR Z ,
        !           173: or
        !           174: .B a
        !           175: to
        !           176: .BR z .
        !           177: This specifies that only requests of grade
        !           178: .I grade
        !           179: or better will be transferred during this time.
        !           180: (The grade of a request or job is specified when it is queued by
        !           181: .I uucp
        !           182: or
        !           183: .IR uux .)
        !           184: By convention, mail is sent at grade
        !           185: .BR C ,
        !           186: news is sent at grade
        !           187: .BR d ,
        !           188: and uucp copies are sent at grade
        !           189: .BR n .
        !           190: Unfortunately, some sites do not follow these conventions, so it is
        !           191: not 100% reliable.
        !           192: .PP
        !           193: The
        !           194: .I retry_time
        !           195: subfield is optional; it must be preceded by a `;' (semicolon) and
        !           196: specifies the time, in minutes, before a failed connection may be
        !           197: tried again.
        !           198: (This restriction is in addition to any constraints imposed by the rest of the
        !           199: .I Time
        !           200: field.)
        !           201: By default, the retry time starts at 10 minutes and gradually increases
        !           202: at each failure, until after 26 tries
        !           203: .I uucico
        !           204: gives up completely (MAX RETRIES). If the retry time is too small,
        !           205: .I uucico
        !           206: may run into MAX RETRIES too soon.
        !           207: .PP
        !           208: .I Caller
        !           209: is the type of device used:
        !           210: .TP 8
        !           211: .B ACU
        !           212: Automatic call unit or auto-dialing modem such as the Hayes
        !           213: Smartmodem 1200 or Novation ``Smart Cat''. See
        !           214: .I L-devices
        !           215: for a list of supported modems.
        !           216: .TP 8
        !           217: .B DIR
        !           218: Direct connect; hardwired line (usually RS-232) to a remote system.
        !           219: .TP 8
        !           220: .B MICOM
        !           221: Micom Terminal Switch.
        !           222: .TP 8
        !           223: .B PAD
        !           224: X.25 PAD connection.
        !           225: .TP 8
        !           226: .B PCP
        !           227: GTE Telenet PC Pursuit. See
        !           228: .I L-devices
        !           229: for configuration  details.
        !           230: .TP 8
        !           231: .B SYTEK
        !           232: Sytek high-speed dedicated modem port connection.
        !           233: .TP 8
        !           234: .B TCP
        !           235: Berkeley TCP/IP or 3Com UNET connection. These are mutually exclusive.
        !           236: TCP ports do
        !           237: .B not
        !           238: need entries in
        !           239: .I L-devices
        !           240: since all the necessary information is contained in
        !           241: .IR L.sys .
        !           242: If several alternate ports or network connections should be tried,
        !           243: use multiple
        !           244: .I L.sys
        !           245: entries.
        !           246: .PP
        !           247: .I Class
        !           248: is usually the speed (baud) of the device, typically 300, 1200, or
        !           249: 2400 for ACU devices and 9600 for direct lines.
        !           250: Valid values are device dependent, and are specified in the
        !           251: .I L\-devices
        !           252: file.
        !           253: .PP
        !           254: On some devices, the baud may be preceded by a
        !           255: non-numeric prefix.  This is used in
        !           256: .IR L\-devices
        !           257: to distinguish among devices that have identical
        !           258: .I Caller
        !           259: and baud, but yet are distinctly different. For example, 1200
        !           260: could refer to all Bell 212-compatible modems, V1200 to
        !           261: Racal-Vadic modems, and C1200 to CCITT modems, all at 1200 baud.
        !           262: .PP
        !           263: On TCP connections,
        !           264: .I Class
        !           265: is the port number (an integer number) or a port name from
        !           266: .I /etc/services 
        !           267: that is used to make the connection. For standard Berkeley TCP/IP,
        !           268: UUCP normally uses port number 540.
        !           269: .PP
        !           270: .I Device/Phone_Number
        !           271: varies based on the
        !           272: .I Caller
        !           273: field.  For ACU devices, this is the phone number to dial.
        !           274: The number may include: digits
        !           275: .B 0
        !           276: through
        !           277: .BR 9 ;
        !           278: .B #
        !           279: and
        !           280: .B *
        !           281: for dialing those symbols on tone telephone lines;
        !           282: .B -
        !           283: (hyphen) to pause for a moment, typically two to four seconds;
        !           284: .B =
        !           285: (equal sign) to wait for a second dial tone (implemented as a pause on
        !           286: many modems). Other characters are modem dependent; generally
        !           287: standard telephone punctuation characters (such as the slash and
        !           288: parentheses) are ignored, although
        !           289: .I uucico
        !           290: does not guarantee this.
        !           291: .PP
        !           292: The phone number can be preceded by an alphabetic
        !           293: string; the string is indexed and converted through the
        !           294: .IR "L\-dialcodes" (5)
        !           295: file.
        !           296: .PP
        !           297: For DIR devices, the
        !           298: .I Device/Phone_Number
        !           299: field contains the name of the device in
        !           300: .I /dev
        !           301: that is used to make the connection. There must be a corresponding
        !           302: line in
        !           303: .I L\-devices
        !           304: with identical
        !           305: .IR Caller ,
        !           306: .IR Class ,
        !           307: and
        !           308: .I Device
        !           309: fields.
        !           310: .PP
        !           311: For TCP and other network devices,
        !           312: .I Device/Phone_Number
        !           313: holds the true network name of the remote system, which may be different
        !           314: from its UUCP name (although one would hope not).
        !           315: .PP
        !           316: .I Expect
        !           317: and
        !           318: .I Send
        !           319: refer to an arbitrarily long set of strings that
        !           320: alternately specify what to
        !           321: .I expect
        !           322: and what to
        !           323: .I send
        !           324: to login to the remote system once a physical connection has
        !           325: been established.  A complete set of expect/send strings is referred
        !           326: to as an
        !           327: .IR "expect/send script" .
        !           328: The same syntax is used in the
        !           329: .I L\-devices
        !           330: file to interact with the dialer prior to making a connection; there
        !           331: it is referred to as a
        !           332: .IR "chat script" .
        !           333: The complete format for one
        !           334: .I expect/send
        !           335: pair is:
        !           336: .PP
        !           337: .nf
        !           338:        \fIexpect\fP\fB-\fP\fItimeout\fP\fB-\fP\fIsend\fP\fB-\fP\fI\
        !           339: expect\fP\fB-\fP\fItimeout   send\fP
        !           340: .fi
        !           341: .PP
        !           342: .I Expect
        !           343: and
        !           344: .I Send
        !           345: are character strings.
        !           346: .I Expect
        !           347: is compared against incoming text from the remote host;
        !           348: .I send
        !           349: is sent back when
        !           350: .I expect
        !           351: is matched.  By default, the
        !           352: .I send
        !           353: is followed by a `\er' (carriage return). If the
        !           354: .I expect
        !           355: string is not matched within
        !           356: .I timeout
        !           357: seconds (default 45), then it is assumed that the match failed.
        !           358: The `\fIexpect\fP\fB-\fP\fIsend\fP\fB-\fP\fIexpect\fP' notation 
        !           359: provides a limited loop mechanism; if the first
        !           360: .I expect
        !           361: string fails to match, then the
        !           362: .I send
        !           363: string between the hyphens is transmitted, and
        !           364: .I uucico
        !           365: waits for the second
        !           366: .I expect
        !           367: string. This can be repeated indefinitely. When the last
        !           368: .I expect
        !           369: string fails,
        !           370: .I uucico
        !           371: hangs up and logs that the connection failed. 
        !           372: .PP
        !           373: The timeout can (optionally) be specified by appending the parameter
        !           374: `\fB~\fP\fInn\fP' to the expect string, when \fInn\fR is the timeout
        !           375: time in seconds.
        !           376: .PP
        !           377: Backslash escapes that may be imbedded in the
        !           378: .I expect
        !           379: or
        !           380: .I send
        !           381: strings include:
        !           382: .PP
        !           383: .ta .5in +.8in +.8in
        !           384: .nf
        !           385:        \eb     Generate a 3/10 second BREAK.
        !           386:        \eb\fIn\fP      Where \fIn\fP is a single-digit number;
        !           387:                generate an \fIn\fP/10 second BREAK.
        !           388:        \ec     Suppress the \er at the end of a \fIsend\fP string.
        !           389:        \ed     Delay; pause for 1 second. (\fISend\fR only.)
        !           390:        \er     Carriage Return.
        !           391:        \es     Space.
        !           392:        \en     Newline.
        !           393:        \exxx   Where \fIxxx\fP is an octal constant;
        !           394:                denotes the corresponding ASCII character.
        !           395: .fi
        !           396: .PP
        !           397: As a special case, an empty pair of double-quotes \fB""\fP in the
        !           398: .I expect
        !           399: string is interpreted as ``expect nothing''; that is, transmit
        !           400: the
        !           401: .I send
        !           402: string regardless of what is received. Empty double-quotes
        !           403: in the
        !           404: .I send
        !           405: string cause a lone `\er' (carriage return) to be sent.
        !           406: .PP
        !           407: One of the following keywords may be substituted for the
        !           408: .I send
        !           409: string:
        !           410: .PP
        !           411: .nf
        !           412:        BREAK   Generate a 3/10 second BREAK
        !           413:        BREAK\fIn\fP    Generate an \fIn\fP/10 second BREAK
        !           414:        CR      Send a Carriage Return (same as "").
        !           415:        EOT     Send an End-Of-Transmission character, ASCII \e004.
        !           416:                Note that this will cause most hosts to hang up.
        !           417:        NL      Send a Newline.
        !           418:        PAUSE   Pause for 3 seconds.
        !           419:        PAUSE\fIn\fP    Pause for \fIn\fR seconds.
        !           420:        P_ODD   Use odd parity on future send strings.
        !           421:        P_ONE   Use parity one on future send strings.
        !           422:        P_EVEN  Use even parity on future send strings. (Default)
        !           423:        P_ZERO  Use parity zero on future send strings.
        !           424: .fi
        !           425: .PP
        !           426: Finally, if the
        !           427: .I expect
        !           428: string consists of the keyword
        !           429: .BR ABORT ,
        !           430: then the string following is used to arm an abort trap. If that string
        !           431: is subsequently received any time prior to the completion of the entire
        !           432: .I expect/send
        !           433: script, then
        !           434: .I uucico
        !           435: will abort, just as if the
        !           436: script had timed out. This is useful for trapping error messages from
        !           437: port selectors or front-end processors such as ``Host Unavailable'' or
        !           438: ``System is Down.''
        !           439: .PP
        !           440: For example:
        !           441: .PP
        !           442: .nf
        !           443:        ""  ""  ogin:--ogin:  nuucp  ssword:  ufeedme
        !           444: .fi
        !           445: .PP
        !           446: This is executed as, ``When the remote system answers,
        !           447: .I expect
        !           448: nothing.
        !           449: .I Send
        !           450: a carriage return.
        !           451: .I Expect
        !           452: the remote to transmit the string `ogin:'. If it doesn't
        !           453: within 45 seconds, send another carriage return.  When it finally does,
        !           454: .I send
        !           455: it the string `nuucp'.  Then
        !           456: .I expect
        !           457: the string `ssword:'; when that is received,
        !           458: .I send
        !           459: `ufeedme'.''
        !           460: .SH FILES
        !           461: /usr/lib/uucp/L.sys
        !           462: .br
        !           463: /usr/lib/uucp/UUAIDS/L.sys     L.sys example
        !           464: .SH SEE ALSO
        !           465: uucp(1C), uux(1C), L-devices(5), services(5), uucico(8C)
        !           466: .SH BUGS
        !           467: ``ABORT'' in the send/expect script is expressed ``backwards,'' that is,
        !           468: it should be written ``
        !           469: .I expect
        !           470: .BR ABORT ''
        !           471: but instead it is ``
        !           472: .B ABORT
        !           473: .IR expect ''.
        !           474: .PP
        !           475: Several of the backslash escapes in the send/expect strings are confusing
        !           476: and/or different from those used by AT&T and Honey-Danber UUCP.
        !           477: For example, `\eb' requests
        !           478: a BREAK, while practically everywhere else `\eb' means backspace.
        !           479: `\et' for tab and `\ef' for formfeed are not implemented.
        !           480: `\es' is a kludge; it would be more sensible to be able to delimit strings
        !           481: with quotation marks.

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