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1.1 root 1: .\" Copyright (c) 1983 The Regents of the University of California.
2: .\" All rights reserved.
3: .\"
4: .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided
5: .\" that: (1) source distributions retain this entire copyright notice and
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8: .\" University of California, Berkeley and its contributors'' in the
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11: .\" Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may
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14: .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
15: .\" WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
16: .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
17: .\"
18: .\" @(#)lpd.8 6.5 (Berkeley) 6/24/90
19: .\"
20: .TH LPD 8 "June 24, 1990"
21: .UC 5
22: .ad
23: .SH NAME
24: lpd \- line printer daemon
25: .SH SYNOPSIS
26: .B lpd
27: [
28: .B \-l
29: ] [ port # ]
30: .SH DESCRIPTION
31: .I Lpd
32: is the line printer daemon (spool area handler) and is normally invoked
33: at boot time from the
34: .IR rc (8)
35: file. It makes a single pass through the
36: .IR printcap (5)
37: file to find out about the existing printers and
38: prints any files left after a crash. It then uses the system calls
39: .IR listen (2)
40: and
41: .IR accept (2)
42: to receive requests to print files in the queue,
43: transfer files to the spooling area, display the queue,
44: or remove jobs from the queue. In each case, it forks a child to handle
45: the request so the parent can continue to listen for more requests.
46: The Internet port number used to rendezvous
47: with other processes is normally obtained with
48: .IR getservbyname (3)
49: but can be changed with the
50: .IR port #
51: argument.
52: The
53: .B \-l
54: flag causes
55: .I lpd
56: to log valid requests received from the network. This can be useful
57: for debugging purposes.
58: .PP
59: Access control is provided by two means. First, All requests must come from
60: one of the machines listed in the file
61: .I /etc/hosts.equiv
62: or
63: .IR /etc/hosts.lpd .
64: Second, if the ``rs'' capability is specified in the
65: .I printcap
66: entry for the printer being accessed,
67: .I lpr
68: requests will only be honored for those users with accounts on the
69: machine with the printer.
70: .PP
71: The file
72: .I minfree
73: in each spool directory contains the number of disk blocks to leave free
74: so that the line printer queue won't completely fill the disk.
75: The
76: .I minfree
77: file can be edited with your favorite text editor.
78: .PP
79: The file
80: .I lock
81: in each spool directory is used to prevent multiple daemons from
82: becoming active simultaneously, and to store information
83: about the daemon process for
84: .IR lpr (1),
85: .IR lpq (1),
86: and
87: .IR lprm (1).
88: After the daemon has successfully set the lock, it scans the directory
89: for files beginning with
90: .IR cf .
91: Lines in each
92: .I cf
93: file specify files to be printed or non-printing actions to be
94: performed. Each such line begins with a key character
95: to specify what to do with the remainder of the line.
96: .in +3
97: .IP J
98: Job Name. String to be used for the job name on the burst page.
99: .IP C
100: Classification. String to be used for the classification line
101: on the burst page.
102: .IP L
103: Literal. The line contains identification info from
104: the password file and causes the banner page to be printed.
105: .IP T
106: Title. String to be used as the title for
107: .IR pr (1).
108: .IP H
109: Host Name. Name of the machine where
110: .I lpr
111: was invoked.
112: .IP P
113: Person. Login name of the person who invoked
114: .IR lpr .
115: This is used to verify ownership by
116: .IR lprm .
117: .IP M
118: Send mail to the specified user when the current print job completes.
119: .IP f
120: Formatted File. Name of a file to print which is already formatted.
121: .IP l
122: Like ``f'' but passes control characters and does not make page breaks.
123: .IP p
124: Name of a file to print using
125: .IR pr (1)
126: as a filter.
127: .IP t
128: Troff File. The file contains
129: .IR troff (1)
130: output (cat phototypesetter commands).
131: .IP n
132: Ditroff File. The file contains device independent troff
133: output.
134: .IP d
135: DVI File. The file contains
136: .IR Tex (l)
137: output (DVI format from Standford).
138: .IP g
139: Graph File. The file contains data produced by
140: .IR plot (3X).
141: .IP c
142: Cifplot File. The file contains data produced by
143: .IR cifplot .
144: .IP v
145: The file contains a raster image.
146: .IP r
147: The file contains text data with FORTRAN carriage control characters.
148: .IP 1
149: Troff Font R. Name of the font file to use instead of the default.
150: .IP 2
151: Troff Font I. Name of the font file to use instead of the default.
152: .IP 3
153: Troff Font B. Name of the font file to use instead of the default.
154: .IP 4
155: Troff Font S. Name of the font file to use instead of the default.
156: .IP W
157: Width. Changes the page width (in characters) used by
158: .IR pr (1)
159: and the text filters.
160: .IP I
161: Indent. The number of characters to indent the output by (in ascii).
162: .IP U
163: Unlink. Name of file to remove upon completion of printing.
164: .IP N
165: File name. The name of the file which is being printed, or a blank
166: for the standard input (when
167: .I lpr
168: is invoked in a pipeline).
169: .in -5
170: .PP
171: If a file can not be opened, a message will be logged via
172: .IR syslog (3)
173: using the
174: .I LOG_LPR
175: facility.
176: .I Lpd
177: will try up to 20 times
178: to reopen a file it expects to be there, after which it will
179: skip the file to be printed.
180: .PP
181: .I Lpd
182: uses
183: .IR flock (2)
184: to provide exclusive access to the lock file and to prevent multiple
185: deamons from becoming active simultaneously. If the daemon should be killed
186: or die unexpectedly, the lock file need not be removed.
187: The lock file is kept in a readable ASCII form
188: and contains two lines.
189: The first is the process id of the daemon and the second is the control
190: file name of the current job being printed. The second line is updated to
191: reflect the current status of
192: .I lpd
193: for the programs
194: .IR lpq (1)
195: and
196: .IR lprm (1).
197: .SH FILES
198: .nf
199: .ta \w'/etc/printcap 'u
200: /etc/printcap printer description file
201: /var/spool/* spool directories
202: /var/spool/*/minfree minimum free space to leave
203: /dev/lp* line printer devices
204: /dev/printer socket for local requests
205: /etc/hosts.equiv lists machine names allowed printer access
206: /etc/hosts.lpd lists machine names allowed printer access,
207: but not under same administrative control.
208: .fi
209: .SH "SEE ALSO"
210: lpc(8),
211: pac(1),
212: lpr(1),
213: lpq(1),
214: lprm(1),
215: syslog(3),
216: printcap(5)
217: .br
218: .ul
219: 4.2BSD Line Printer Spooler Manual
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