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1.1 root 1: /*
2: * Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California.
3: * All rights reserved.
4: *
5: * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted
6: * provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
7: * duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation,
8: * advertising materials, and other materials related to such
9: * distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed
10: * by the University of California, Berkeley. The name of the
11: * University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived
12: * from this software without specific prior written permission.
13: * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR
14: * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED
15: * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
16: */
17:
18: #ifndef lint
19: static char sccsid[] = "@(#)ttext1.c 5.3 (Berkeley) 6/18/88";
20: #endif /* not lint */
21:
22: #include "back.h"
23:
24: char *opts = " QIMRHEDSPT";
25: char *prompt = "-->";
26:
27: char *list[] = {
28: "\n\n\tI\tIntroduction to Backgammon",
29: "\tM\tMoves and Points",
30: "\tR\tRemoving Men from the Board",
31: "\tH\tHitting Blots",
32: "\tE\tEnding the Game and Scoring",
33: "\tD\tDoubling",
34: "\tS\tStrategy",
35: "\tP\tThe Program and How to Use It",
36: "\nalso, you can type:",
37: "\t?\tto get this list",
38: "\tQ\tto go start playing",
39: "\tT\tto go straight to the tutorial",
40: 0
41: };
42:
43: char *hello[] = {
44: "\n\032 These rules consist of text describing how to play Backgammon",
45: "followed by a tutorial session where you play a practice game",
46: "against the computer. When using this program, think carefuly",
47: "before typing, since it reacts as soon as you type something. In",
48: "addition, the program presents text output, such as these rules,",
49: "in small blocks that will not roll off the top of the screen.",
50: "Frequently, you will see the characters '-->' indicating that the",
51: "program is waiting for you to finish reading, and will continue",
52: "printing when you type a space or newline. Also, the rules are",
53: "divided into sections, and although you should read them in or-",
54: "der, you can go directly to any of them by typing one of the fol-",
55: "lowing letters:",
56: "(Remember to hit a space or a newline to continue.)",
57: "",
58: 0
59: };
60:
61: char *intro1[] = {
62: "\nIntroduction:",
63: "\n Backgammon is a game involving the skill of two players and",
64: "the luck of two dice. There are two players, red and white, and",
65: "each player gets fifteen men. The object of the game is to re-",
66: "move all your men from the board before the opponent does. The",
67: "board consists of twenty-four positions, a 'bar' and a 'home' for",
68: "each player. It looks like this:",
69: "",
70: 0};
71:
72: char *intro2[] = {
73: "",
74: "\n Although not indicated on the board, the players' homes are",
75: "located just to the right of the board. A player's men are placed",
76: "there when they are removed from the board. The board you just",
77: "saw was in it's initial position. All games start with the board",
78: "looking like this. Notice that red's pieces are represented by the",
79: "letter 'r' and white's pieces are represented by the letter 'w'.",
80: "Also, a position may have zero or more pieces on it, e.g. posi-",
81: "tion 12 has five red pieces on it, while position 11 does not",
82: "have any pieces of either color.",
83: "",
84: 0};
85:
86: char *moves[] = {
87: "\nMoves and Points:",
88: "\n Moves are made along the positions on the board according to",
89: "their numbers. Red moves in the positive direction (clockwise",
90: "from 1 to 24), and white moves in the negative direction (coun-",
91: "terclockwise from 24 to 1).",
92: "\n A turn consists of rolling the dice, and moving the number of",
93: "positions indicated on each die. The two numbers can be used to",
94: "move one man the sum of the two rolls, or two men the number on",
95: "each individual die. For example, if red rolled 6 3 at the start",
96: "of the game, he might move a man from 1 to 7 to 10, using both",
97: "dice for one man, or he might move two men from position 12, one",
98: "to 15 and one to 18. (Red did not have to choose two men start-",
99: "ing from the same position.) In addition, doubles are treated",
100: "specially in backgammon. When a player rolls doubles, he gets to",
101: "move as if he had four dice instead of two. For instance, if you",
102: "rolled double 2's, you could move one man eight positions, four",
103: "men two positions each, or any permutation in between.",
104: "",
105: "\n However, there are certain limitations, called 'points.' A",
106: "player has a point when he has two or more men on the same posi-",
107: "tion. This gives him custody of that position, and his opponent",
108: "cannot place his men there, even if passing through on the way to",
109: "another position. When a player has six points in a row, it is",
110: "called a 'wall,' since any of his opponent's men behind the wall",
111: "cannot pass it and are trapped, at least for the moment. Notice",
112: "that this could mean that a player could not use part or all of",
113: "his roll. However, he must use as much of his roll as possible.",
114: "",
115: 0};
116:
117: char *remove[] = {
118: "\nRemoving Men from the Board:",
119: "\n The most important part of the game is removing men, since",
120: "that is how you win the game. Once a man is removed, he stays",
121: "off the board for the duration of the game. However, a player",
122: "cannot remove men until all his men are on his 'inner table,' or",
123: "the last six positions of the board (19-24 for red, 6-1 for",
124: "white).",
125: "\n To get off the board, a player must roll the exact number to",
126: "get his man one position past the last position on the board, or",
127: "his 'home.' Hence, if red wanted to remove a man from position",
128: "23, he would have to roll a 2, anything else would be used for",
129: "another man, or for another purpose. However, there is one ex-",
130: "ception. If the player rolling has no men far enough to move the",
131: "roll made, he may move his farthest man off the board. For exam-",
132: "ple, if red's farthest man back was on position 21, he could re-",
133: "move men from that position if he rolled a 5 or a 6, as well as a",
134: "4. Since he does not have men on 20 (where he could use a 5) or",
135: "on 19 (where he could use a 6), he can use these rolls for posi-",
136: "tion 21. A player never has to remove men, but he must make as",
137: "many moves as possible.",
138: "",
139: 0};
140:
141: char *hits[] = {
142: "\nHitting Blots:",
143: "\n Although two men on a position form an impenetrable point, a",
144: "lone man is not so secure. Such a man is called a 'blot' and has",
145: "the potential of getting hit by an opposing man. When a player's",
146: "blot is hit, he is placed on the bar, and the first thing that",
147: "player must do is move the man off the bar. Such moves are",
148: "counted as if the bar is one position behind the first position",
149: "on the board. Thus if red has a man on the bar and rolls 2 3, he",
150: "must move the man on the bar to position 2 or 3 before moving any",
151: "other man. If white had points on positions 2 and 3, then red",
152: "would forfeit his turn. Being on the bar is a very bad position,",
153: "for often a player can lose many turns trying to move off the",
154: "bar, as well as being set back the full distance of the board.",
155: "",
156: 0};
157:
158: char *endgame[] = {
159: "\nEnding the Game and Scoring:",
160: "\n Winning a game usually wins one point, the normal value of a",
161: "game. However, if the losing player has not removed any men yet,",
162: "then the winning player wins double the game value, called a",
163: "'gammon.' If the losing player has a player on the bar or on the",
164: "winner's inner table, then the winner gets triple the game value,",
165: "which is called a 'backgammon.' (So that's where the name comes",
166: "from!)",
167: "",
168: 0};
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