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1.1     ! root        1: .\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California.
        !             2: .\" All rights reserved.  The Berkeley software License Agreement
        !             3: .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
        !             4: .\"
        !             5: .\"    @(#)preface.ms  6.3 (Berkeley) 5/13/86
        !             6: .\"
        !             7: .nr PS 9
        !             8: .nr VS 11
        !             9: .vs 11p
        !            10: .ps 9p
        !            11: .TL
        !            12: PREFACE
        !            13: .OH 'Preface''- % -'
        !            14: .EH '- % -''Preface'
        !            15: .af % i
        !            16: .LP
        !            17: This update to the 4.2 distribution of August 1983 provides
        !            18: substantially improved performance, reliability, and security,
        !            19: the addition of Xerox Network System (NS) to the set of networking domains,
        !            20: and partial support for the VAX 8600 and MICROVAXII.
        !            21: .LP
        !            22: We were greatly assisted by the DEC UNIX Engineering group who
        !            23: provided two full time employees, Miriam Amos and Kevin Dunlap,
        !            24: to work at Berkeley. They were responsible for developing and
        !            25: debugging the distributed domain based name server
        !            26: and integrating it into the mail system.
        !            27: Mt Xinu provided the bug list distribution service as well as
        !            28: donating their MICROVAXII port to 4.3BSD.
        !            29: Drivers for the MICROVAXII were done by Rick Macklem
        !            30: at the University of Guelph.
        !            31: Sam Leffler provided valuable assistance and advice with many projects.
        !            32: Keith Sklower coordinated with William Nesheim and J. Q. Johnson at Cornell, 
        !            33: and Chris Torek and James O'Toole at the University of Maryland
        !            34: to do the Xerox Network Systems implementation.
        !            35: Robert Elz at the University of Melbourne contributed greatly
        !            36: to the performance work in the kernel.
        !            37: Donn Seeley and Jay Lepreau at the University of Utah
        !            38: relentlessly dealt with a miriad of details;
        !            39: Donn completed the unfinished performance work on Fortran 77
        !            40: and fixed numerous C compiler bugs.
        !            41: Ralph Campbell handled innumerable questions and problem reports
        !            42: and had time left to write rdist.
        !            43: George Goble was invaluable in shaking out the bugs on his
        !            44: production systems long before we were confident enough to
        !            45: inflict it on our users.
        !            46: Bill Shannon at Sun Microsystems has been helpful in 
        !            47: providing us with bug fixes and improvements.
        !            48: Tom Ferrin, in his capacity as Board Member of Usenix Association,
        !            49: handled the logistics of large-scale reproduction
        !            50: of the 4.2BSD and 4.3BSD manuals.
        !            51: Mark Seiden helped with the typesetting and indexing of the 4.3BSD manuals.
        !            52: Special mention goes to Bob Henry for keeping ucbvax running
        !            53: in spite of new and improved software and
        !            54: an ever increasing mail, news, and uucp load.
        !            55: .LP
        !            56: Numerous others contributed their time and energy in creating
        !            57: the user contributed software for the release.
        !            58: As always, we are grateful to the UNIX user community for 
        !            59: encouragement and support. 
        !            60: .LP
        !            61: Once again, the financial support of the Defense Advanced Research
        !            62: Projects Agency is gratefully acknowledged.
        !            63: .sp 1
        !            64: .in 4i
        !            65: .nf
        !            66: M. K. McKusick
        !            67: M. J. Karels
        !            68: J. M. Bloom
        !            69: .fi
        !            70: .in 0
        !            71: .sp 2
        !            72: .ne 1i
        !            73: .ce
        !            74: \fIPreface to the 4.2 Berkeley distribution\fP
        !            75: .sp 1
        !            76: This update to the 4.1 distribution of June 1981 provides support
        !            77: for the VAX 11/730, full networking and interprocess communication
        !            78: support, an entirely new file system, and many other new features.
        !            79: It is certainly the most ambitious release of software ever prepared
        !            80: here and represents many man-years of work.
        !            81: Bill Shannon (both at DEC and at Sun Microsystems)
        !            82: and Robert Elz of the University
        !            83: of Melbourne contributed greatly to this distribution
        !            84: through new device drivers and painful debugging episodes.
        !            85: Rob Gurwitz of BBN wrote the initial version of the code upon
        !            86: which the current networking support is based.
        !            87: Eric Allman of Britton-Lee donated countless hours to the mail system.
        !            88: Bill Croft (both at SRI and Sun Microsystems) aided in the
        !            89: debugging and development of the networking facilities.
        !            90: Dennis Ritchie of Bell Laboratories also
        !            91: contributed greatly to this distribution, providing
        !            92: valuable advise and guidance.  Helge Skrivervik
        !            93: worked on the device drivers which enabled
        !            94: the distribution to be delivered with a TU58
        !            95: console cassette and RX01 console flopppy disk, and
        !            96: rewrote major portions of the standalone i/o system
        !            97: to support formatting of non-DEC peripherals.
        !            98: .LP
        !            99: Numerous others contributed their time and energy in organizing
        !           100: the user software for release, while many groups of people on
        !           101: campus suffered patiently through the low spots of development.
        !           102: As always, we are grateful to the UNIX user community for 
        !           103: encouragement and support. 
        !           104: .LP
        !           105: Once again, the financial support of the Defense Advanced Research
        !           106: Projects Agency is gratefully acknowledged.
        !           107: .sp 1
        !           108: .in 4i
        !           109: .nf
        !           110: S. J. Leffler
        !           111: W. N. Joy
        !           112: M. K. McKusick
        !           113: .fi
        !           114: .in 0
        !           115: .sp 2
        !           116: .ne 1i
        !           117: .ce
        !           118: \fIPreface to the 4.1 Berkeley distribution\fP
        !           119: .sp 1
        !           120: This update to the fourth distribution of November 1980 provides
        !           121: support for the VAX 11/750 and for the full interconnect architecture
        !           122: of the VAX 11/780.  Robert Elz of the University of Melbourne contributed
        !           123: greatly to this distribution especially in the boot-time system
        !           124: configuration code;  Bill Shannon of DEC supplied us with the
        !           125: implementation of DEC standard bad block handling.  The research
        !           126: group at Bell Laboratories and DEC Merrimack provided us with access
        !           127: to 11/750's in order to debug its support.
        !           128: .LP
        !           129: Other individuals too numerous to mention provided us with bug reports,
        !           130: fixes and other enhancements which are reflected in the system.  We
        !           131: are grateful to the UNIX user community for encouragement and
        !           132: support.
        !           133: .LP
        !           134: The financial support of the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency
        !           135: in support of this work is gratefully acknowledged.
        !           136: .sp 1
        !           137: .in 4i
        !           138: .nf
        !           139: W. N. Joy
        !           140: R. S. Fabry
        !           141: K. Sklower
        !           142: .fi
        !           143: .in 0
        !           144: .sp 2
        !           145: .ne 1i
        !           146: .ce
        !           147: \fIPreface to the Fourth Berkeley distribution\fP
        !           148: .sp 1
        !           149: This manual reflects the Berkeley system mid-October, 1980.
        !           150: A large amount of tuning has been done in the system since the last release;
        !           151: we hope this provides as noticeable an improvement for you as it did for us.
        !           152: This release finds the system in transition; a number of facilities
        !           153: have been added in experimental versions (job control, resource limits)
        !           154: and the implementation of others is imminent (shared-segments, higher
        !           155: performance from the file system, etc.).
        !           156: Applications which use facilities that are in transition should be aware
        !           157: that some of the system calls and library routines will change
        !           158: in the near future.  We have tried to be conscientious and make it
        !           159: very clear where this is likely.
        !           160: .LP
        !           161: A new group has been formed
        !           162: at Berkeley, to assume responsibility for the future
        !           163: development and support of a version of UNIX on the VAX.
        !           164: The group has received funding from the
        !           165: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
        !           166: to supply a standard version of the system to DARPA contractors.
        !           167: The same version of the system will be made available to other licensees
        !           168: of UNIX on the VAX for a duplication charge.
        !           169: We gratefully acknowledge
        !           170: the support of this contract.
        !           171: .LP
        !           172: We wish to acknowledge the contribution of a number of individuals to
        !           173: the the system.
        !           174: .LP
        !           175: We would especially like to thank
        !           176: Jim Kulp of IIASA,
        !           177: Laxenburg Austria and his colleagues,
        !           178: who first put job control facilities into UNIX;
        !           179: Eric Allman, Robert Henry, Peter Kessler and Kirk McKusick, who
        !           180: contributed major new pieces of software;
        !           181: Mark Horton, who contributed to the improvement of facilities and
        !           182: substantially improved the quality of our bit-mapped fonts,
        !           183: our hardware support staff:
        !           184: Bob Kridle,
        !           185: Anita Hirsch,
        !           186: Len Edmondson
        !           187: and
        !           188: Fred Archibald,
        !           189: who helped us to debug a number of new peripherals;
        !           190: Ken Arnold who did much of the leg-work in getting this version of the
        !           191: manual prepared, and did the final editing of sections 2-6,
        !           192: some special individuals within Bell Laboratories:
        !           193: Greg Chesson,
        !           194: Stuart Feldman,
        !           195: Dick Haight,
        !           196: Howard Katseff,
        !           197: Brian Kernighan,
        !           198: Tom London,
        !           199: John Reiser,
        !           200: Dennis Ritchie,
        !           201: Ken Thompson,
        !           202: and
        !           203: Peter Weinberger
        !           204: who helped out by answering questions;
        !           205: our excellent local DEC field service people,
        !           206: Kevin Althaus and Frank Chargois
        !           207: who kept our machine running virtually all the time, and fixed it quickly
        !           208: when things broke;
        !           209: and,
        !           210: Mike Accetta of Carnegie-Mellon University,
        !           211: Robert Elz of the University of Melbourne,
        !           212: George Goble of Purdue University,
        !           213: and
        !           214: David Kashtan of the Stanford Research Institute
        !           215: for their technical advice and support.
        !           216: .LP
        !           217: Special thanks to Bill Munson of DEC who helped by augmenting
        !           218: our computing facility
        !           219: and to Eric Allman for carefully proofreading the
        !           220: ``last'' draft of the manual and finding the bugs which we knew were
        !           221: there but couldn't see. 
        !           222: .LP
        !           223: We dedicate this to the memory of David Sakrison, late chairman of our
        !           224: department, who gave his support to the establishment of our VAX
        !           225: computing facility, and to our department as a whole.
        !           226: .sp 1
        !           227: .in 4i
        !           228: .nf
        !           229: W. N. Joy
        !           230: \v'-3p'\h'2p'\*:\v'3p'\h'-2p'O. Babao\*~glu
        !           231: R. S. Fabry
        !           232: K. Sklower
        !           233: .fi
        !           234: .in 0
        !           235: .sp 2
        !           236: .ne 1i
        !           237: .ce
        !           238: \fIPreface to the Third Berkeley distribution\fP
        !           239: .sp 1
        !           240: This manual reflects the state of the Berkeley system, December 1979.
        !           241: We would like to thank all the people at Berkeley who have contributed to
        !           242: the system, and particularly thank
        !           243: Prof. Richard Fateman for creating and administrating a hospitable environment,
        !           244: Mark Horton who helped prepare this manual, and
        !           245: Eric Allman, Bob Kridle, Juan Porcar
        !           246: and Richard Tuck for their contributions to the kernel.
        !           247: .LP
        !           248: The cooperation of Bell Laboratories in providing us with an early version of
        !           249: \s-2UNIX\s0/32V is greatly appreciated.  We would especially like to thank
        !           250: Dr. Charles Roberts of Bell Laboratories for helping us obtain this release,
        !           251: and acknowledge
        !           252: T. B. London,
        !           253: J. F. Reiser,
        !           254: K. Thompson,
        !           255: D. M. Ritchie,
        !           256: G. Chesson and
        !           257: H. P. Katseff
        !           258: for their advice and support.
        !           259: .sp 1
        !           260: .in 4i
        !           261: W. N. Joy
        !           262: .br
        !           263: \v'-3p'\h'2p'\*:\v'3p'\h'-2p'O. Babao\*~glu
        !           264: .in 0
        !           265: .sp 2
        !           266: .ne 1i
        !           267: .ce
        !           268: \fIPreface to the UNIX/32V distribution\fP
        !           269: .sp 1
        !           270: The
        !           271: .UX
        !           272: operating system for the VAX*-11
        !           273: .FS
        !           274: *VAX and PDP are Trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation.
        !           275: .FE
        !           276: provides substantially the same facilities as the
        !           277: \s-2UNIX\s0
        !           278: system for the PDP*-11.
        !           279: .LP
        !           280: We acknowledge the work of many who came before us, and particularly thank
        !           281: G. K. Swanson, W. M. Cardoza, D. K. Sharma, and J. F. Jarvis for assistance
        !           282: with the implementation for the VAX-11/780.
        !           283: .sp 1
        !           284: .in 4i
        !           285: T. B. London
        !           286: .br
        !           287: J. F. Reiser
        !           288: .in 0
        !           289: .sp 2
        !           290: .ne 1i
        !           291: .ce
        !           292: \fIPreface to the Seventh Edition\fP
        !           293: .sp 1
        !           294: .LP
        !           295: Although this Seventh Edition no longer bears their byline,
        !           296: Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie remain the fathers
        !           297: and preceptors of the
        !           298: \s-2UNIX\s0
        !           299: time-sharing system.
        !           300: Many of the improvements here described bear their mark.
        !           301: Among many, many other people who have contributed to
        !           302: the further flowering of
        !           303: \s-2UNIX\s0,
        !           304: we wish especially to
        !           305: acknowledge the contributions of
        !           306: A. V. Aho,
        !           307: S. R. Bourne,
        !           308: L. L. Cherry,
        !           309: G. L. Chesson,
        !           310: S. I. Feldman,
        !           311: C. B. Haley,
        !           312: R. C. Haight,
        !           313: S. C. Johnson,
        !           314: M. E. Lesk,
        !           315: T. L. Lyon,
        !           316: L. E. McMahon,
        !           317: R. Morris,
        !           318: R. Muha,
        !           319: D. A. Nowitz,
        !           320: L. Wehr,
        !           321: and
        !           322: P. J. Weinberger.
        !           323: We appreciate also 
        !           324: the effective advice and criticism of
        !           325: T. A. Dolotta,
        !           326: A. G. Fraser,
        !           327: J. F. Maranzano,
        !           328: and
        !           329: J. R. Mashey;
        !           330: and we remember the important work of
        !           331: the late Joseph F. Ossanna.
        !           332: .sp 1
        !           333: .in 4i
        !           334: B. W. Kernighan
        !           335: .br
        !           336: M. D. McIlroy
        !           337: .in 0

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