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1.1 ! root 1: .\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. ! 2: .\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement ! 3: .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. ! 4: .\" ! 5: .\" @(#)adb.1 6.1 (Berkeley) 4/29/85 ! 6: .\" ! 7: .TH ADB 1 "April 29, 1985" ! 8: .UC 4 ! 9: .SH NAME ! 10: adb \- debugger ! 11: .SH SYNOPSIS ! 12: .B adb ! 13: [\fB\-w\fR] [ \fB\-k\fR ] [ \fB-I\fRdir ] [ objfil [ corfil ] ] ! 14: .ds TW \v'.25m'\s+2~\s-2\v'-.25m' ! 15: .ds ST * ! 16: .ds IM \v'.1m'=\v'-.1m'\s-2\h'-.1m'>\h'.1m'\s+2 ! 17: .ds LE \(<= ! 18: .ds LT \s-2<\s+2 ! 19: .ds GT \s-2>\s+2 ! 20: .SH DESCRIPTION ! 21: .I Adb ! 22: is a general purpose debugging program. ! 23: It may be used to examine files and to provide ! 24: a controlled environment for the execution of UNIX programs. ! 25: .PP ! 26: .I Objfil ! 27: is normally an executable program file, preferably ! 28: containing a symbol table; if not then the symbolic features of ! 29: .I adb ! 30: cannot be used although the file can still be examined. ! 31: The default for ! 32: .I objfil ! 33: is ! 34: .B a.out. ! 35: .I Corfil ! 36: is assumed to be a core image file produced after executing ! 37: .IR objfil ; ! 38: the default for ! 39: .I corfil ! 40: is ! 41: .B core. ! 42: .PP ! 43: Requests to ! 44: .I adb ! 45: are read from the standard input and responses are to the standard output. ! 46: If the ! 47: .B \-w ! 48: flag is present then both ! 49: .I objfil ! 50: and ! 51: .I corfil ! 52: are created if necessary and opened for reading and writing ! 53: so that files can be modified using ! 54: .IR adb . ! 55: .PP ! 56: The \fB\-k\fP option makes \fIadb\fP do UNIX kernel memory ! 57: mapping; it should be used when \fIcore\fP is a UNIX crash dump ! 58: or \fI/dev/mem\fP. ! 59: .PP ! 60: The \fB\-I\fP option specifies a directory where files to be read ! 61: with $< or $<< (see below) will be sought; the default is ! 62: .IR /usr/lib/adb . ! 63: .PP ! 64: .I Adb ! 65: ignores QUIT; INTERRUPT causes return to the next ! 66: .I adb ! 67: command. ! 68: .PP ! 69: In general requests to ! 70: .I adb ! 71: are of the form ! 72: .PP ! 73: .if n .ti 16 ! 74: .if t .ti 1.6i ! 75: [\|\fIaddress\fR\|] [\|, ! 76: .IR count \|] ! 77: [\|\fIcommand\fR\|] [\|;\|] ! 78: .PP ! 79: If ! 80: .I address ! 81: is present then ! 82: .I dot ! 83: is set to ! 84: .IR address . ! 85: Initially ! 86: .I dot ! 87: is set to 0. For most commands ! 88: .I count ! 89: specifies how many times the command will be executed. The default ! 90: .I count ! 91: is 1. ! 92: .I Address ! 93: and ! 94: .I count ! 95: are expressions. ! 96: .PP ! 97: The interpretation of an address depends on the context it is used in. ! 98: If a subprocess is being debugged then addresses are interpreted ! 99: in the usual way in the address space of the subprocess. ! 100: If the operating system is being debugged either post-mortem or using ! 101: the special file ! 102: .I /dev/mem ! 103: to interactive examine and/or modify memory the maps are set to map ! 104: the kernel virtual addresses which start at 0x80000000 (on the VAX). ! 105: .SM ADDRESSES. ! 106: .SH EXPRESSIONS ! 107: .TP 7.2n ! 108: .B . ! 109: The value of ! 110: .IR dot . ! 111: .TP 7.2n ! 112: + ! 113: The value of ! 114: .I dot ! 115: incremented by the current increment. ! 116: .TP 7.2n ! 117: ^ ! 118: The value of ! 119: .I dot ! 120: decremented by the current increment. ! 121: .TP 7.2n ! 122: " ! 123: The last ! 124: .I address ! 125: typed. ! 126: .TP 7.2n ! 127: .I integer ! 128: A number. The prefixes 0o and 0O (\*(lqzero oh\*(rq) force interpretation ! 129: in octal radix; the prefixes 0t and 0T force interpretation in ! 130: decimal radix; the prefixes 0x and 0X force interpretation in ! 131: hexadecimal radix. Thus 0o20 = 0t16 = 0x10 = sixteen. ! 132: If no prefix appears, then the ! 133: .I default\ radix ! 134: is used; see the $d command. The default radix is initially hexadecimal. ! 135: The hexadecimal digits are 0123456789abcdefABCDEF with the obvious ! 136: values. Note that a hexadecimal number whose most significant ! 137: digit would otherwise be an alphabetic character must have a 0x ! 138: (or 0X) prefix (or a leading zero if the default radix is hexadecimal). ! 139: .TP 7.2n ! 140: .IB integer . fraction ! 141: A 32 bit floating point number. ! 142: .TP 7.2n ! 143: .I \'cccc\|\' ! 144: The ASCII value of up to 4 characters. ! 145: \e may be used to escape a \'. ! 146: .TP 7.2n ! 147: .I \*(LT name ! 148: The value of ! 149: .IR name , ! 150: which is either a variable name or a register name. ! 151: .I Adb ! 152: maintains a number of variables (see ! 153: .SM VARIABLES\*S) ! 154: named by single letters or digits. ! 155: If ! 156: .I name ! 157: is a register name then the value of the register is obtained from ! 158: the system header in ! 159: .IR corfil . ! 160: The register names are those printed by the $r command. ! 161: .TP 7.2n ! 162: .I symbol ! 163: A ! 164: .I symbol ! 165: is a sequence of upper or lower case letters, underscores or ! 166: digits, not starting with a digit. The backslash character ! 167: .B \e ! 168: may be used to escape other characters. The value of the ! 169: .I symbol ! 170: is taken from the symbol table in ! 171: .IR objfil . ! 172: An initial \_ will be prepended to ! 173: .I symbol ! 174: if needed. ! 175: .TP ! 176: .I _ symbol ! 177: In C, the `true name' of an external symbol begins with _. ! 178: It may be necessary to utter this name to distinguish it ! 179: from internal or hidden variables of a program. ! 180: .TP 7.2n ! 181: .IB routine . name ! 182: The address of the variable ! 183: .I name ! 184: in the specified C routine. Both ! 185: .I routine ! 186: and ! 187: .I name ! 188: are ! 189: .IR symbols . ! 190: If ! 191: .I name ! 192: is omitted the value is the address of the most recently activated C stack frame ! 193: corresponding to ! 194: .IR routine . ! 195: (This form is currently broken on the VAX; local variables can be examined ! 196: only with ! 197: .IR dbx (1).) ! 198: .TP 7.2n ! 199: .RI ( exp \|) ! 200: The value of the expression ! 201: .IR exp . ! 202: .LP ! 203: .SM ! 204: .B "Monadic\ operators" ! 205: .TP 7.2n ! 206: .RI \*(ST exp ! 207: The contents of the location addressed by ! 208: .I exp ! 209: in ! 210: .IR corfil . ! 211: .TP 7.2n ! 212: .RI @ exp ! 213: The contents of the location addressed by ! 214: .I exp ! 215: in ! 216: .IR objfil . ! 217: .TP 7.2n ! 218: .RI \- exp ! 219: Integer negation. ! 220: .TP 7.2n ! 221: .RI \*(TW exp ! 222: Bitwise complement. ! 223: .TP 7.2n ! 224: .RI # exp ! 225: Logical negation. ! 226: .LP ! 227: .tr '' ! 228: .B "Dyadic\ operators" ! 229: are left associative and are less binding than monadic operators. ! 230: .TP 7.2n ! 231: .IR e1 + e2 ! 232: Integer addition. ! 233: .TP 7.2n ! 234: .IR e1 \- e2 ! 235: Integer subtraction. ! 236: .TP 7.2n ! 237: .IR e1 \*(ST e2 ! 238: Integer multiplication. ! 239: .TP 7.2n ! 240: .IR e1 % e2 ! 241: Integer division. ! 242: .TP 7.2n ! 243: .IR e1 & e2 ! 244: Bitwise conjunction. ! 245: .TP 7.2n ! 246: .IR e1 \(bv e2 ! 247: Bitwise disjunction. ! 248: .TP 7.2n ! 249: .IR e1 # e2 ! 250: .I E1 ! 251: rounded up to the next multiple of ! 252: .IR e2 . ! 253: .DT ! 254: .SH COMMANDS ! 255: Most commands consist of a verb followed by a modifier or list of modifiers. ! 256: The following verbs are available. ! 257: (The commands `?' and `/' may be followed by `\*(ST'; see ! 258: .SM ADDRESSES ! 259: for further details.) ! 260: .TP .5i ! 261: .RI ? f ! 262: Locations starting at ! 263: .I address ! 264: in ! 265: .I objfil ! 266: are printed according to the format ! 267: .IR f . ! 268: .I dot ! 269: is incremented by the sum of the increments for each format letter (q.v.). ! 270: .TP ! 271: .RI / f ! 272: Locations starting at ! 273: .I address ! 274: in ! 275: .I corfil ! 276: are printed according to the format ! 277: .I f ! 278: and ! 279: .I dot ! 280: is incremented as for `?'. ! 281: .TP ! 282: .RI = f ! 283: The value of ! 284: .I address ! 285: itself is printed in the styles indicated by the format ! 286: .IR f . ! 287: (For ! 288: .B i ! 289: format `?' is printed for the parts of the instruction that reference ! 290: subsequent words.) ! 291: .PP ! 292: A ! 293: .I format ! 294: consists of one or more characters that specify a style of printing. ! 295: Each format character may be preceded by a decimal integer ! 296: that is a repeat count for the format character. ! 297: While stepping through a format ! 298: .I dot ! 299: is incremented by the amount given for each format letter. ! 300: If no format is given then the last format is used. ! 301: The format letters available are as follows. ! 302: .ta 2.5n .5i ! 303: .RS ! 304: .TP ! 305: .BR o " 2" ! 306: Print 2 bytes in octal. All octal numbers output by ! 307: .I adb ! 308: are preceded by 0. ! 309: .br ! 310: .ns ! 311: .TP ! 312: .BR O " 4" ! 313: Print 4 bytes in octal. ! 314: .br ! 315: .ns ! 316: .TP ! 317: .BR q " 2" ! 318: Print in signed octal. ! 319: .br ! 320: .ns ! 321: .TP ! 322: .BR Q " 4" ! 323: Print long signed octal. ! 324: .br ! 325: .ns ! 326: .TP ! 327: .BR d " 2" ! 328: Print in decimal. ! 329: .br ! 330: .ns ! 331: .TP ! 332: .BR D " 4" ! 333: Print long decimal. ! 334: .br ! 335: .ns ! 336: .TP ! 337: .BR x " 2" ! 338: Print 2 bytes in hexadecimal. ! 339: .br ! 340: .ns ! 341: .TP ! 342: .BR X " 4" ! 343: Print 4 bytes in hexadecimal. ! 344: .br ! 345: .ns ! 346: .TP ! 347: .BR u " 2" ! 348: Print as an unsigned decimal number. ! 349: .br ! 350: .ns ! 351: .TP ! 352: .BR U " 4" ! 353: Print long unsigned decimal. ! 354: .br ! 355: .ns ! 356: .TP ! 357: .BR f " 4" ! 358: Print the 32 bit value as a floating point number. ! 359: .br ! 360: .ns ! 361: .TP ! 362: .BR F " 8" ! 363: Print double floating point. ! 364: .br ! 365: .ns ! 366: .TP ! 367: .BR b " 1" ! 368: Print the addressed byte in octal. ! 369: .br ! 370: .ns ! 371: .TP ! 372: .BR c " 1" ! 373: Print the addressed character. ! 374: .br ! 375: .ns ! 376: .TP ! 377: .BR C " 1" ! 378: Print the addressed character using ! 379: the standard escape convention where control characters ! 380: are printed as ^X and the delete character is printed as ^?. ! 381: .br ! 382: .ns ! 383: .TP ! 384: .BI s " n" ! 385: Print the addressed characters until a zero character is reached. ! 386: .br ! 387: .ns ! 388: .TP ! 389: .BI S " n" ! 390: Print a string using the ^\fIX\fR escape convention (see \fBC\fR above). ! 391: .I n ! 392: is the length of the string including its zero terminator. ! 393: .br ! 394: .ns ! 395: .TP ! 396: .BR Y " 4" ! 397: Print 4 bytes in date format (see ! 398: .IR ctime (3)). ! 399: .br ! 400: .ns ! 401: .TP ! 402: .BR i " n" ! 403: Print as machine instructions. ! 404: .I n ! 405: is the number of bytes occupied by the instruction. ! 406: This style of printing causes variables 1 and 2 to be set ! 407: to the offset parts of the source and destination respectively. ! 408: .br ! 409: .ns ! 410: .TP ! 411: .BR a " 0" ! 412: Print the value of ! 413: .I dot ! 414: in symbolic form. ! 415: Symbols are checked to ensure that they have an appropriate ! 416: type as indicated below. ! 417: .LP ! 418: / local or global data symbol ! 419: .br ! 420: ? local or global text symbol ! 421: .br ! 422: = local or global absolute symbol ! 423: .TP ! 424: .BR p " 4" ! 425: Print the addressed value in symbolic form using ! 426: the same rules for symbol lookup as ! 427: .BR a . ! 428: .br ! 429: .tr '' ! 430: .ns ! 431: .TP ! 432: .BR t " 0" ! 433: When preceded by an integer tabs to the next appropriate tab stop. ! 434: For example, ! 435: .B 8t ! 436: moves to the next 8-space tab stop. ! 437: .br ! 438: .ns ! 439: .TP ! 440: .BR r " 0" ! 441: Print a space. ! 442: .br ! 443: .ns ! 444: .TP ! 445: .BR n " 0" ! 446: Print a newline. ! 447: .br ! 448: .ns ! 449: .tr '" ! 450: .TP ! 451: .BR '...' " 0" ! 452: Print the enclosed string. ! 453: .br ! 454: .tr '' ! 455: .br ! 456: .ns ! 457: .TP ! 458: .B ^ ! 459: .I Dot ! 460: is decremented by the current increment. Nothing is printed. ! 461: .br ! 462: .ns ! 463: .TP ! 464: + ! 465: .I Dot ! 466: is incremented by 1. Nothing is printed. ! 467: .br ! 468: .ns ! 469: .TP ! 470: \- ! 471: .I Dot ! 472: is decremented by 1. Nothing is printed. ! 473: .RE ! 474: .TP ! 475: newline ! 476: Repeat the previous command with a ! 477: .I count ! 478: of 1. ! 479: .TP ! 480: .RB [ ?/ ] l "\fI value mask\fR" ! 481: Words starting at ! 482: .I dot ! 483: are masked with ! 484: .I mask ! 485: and compared with ! 486: .I value ! 487: until a match is found. ! 488: If ! 489: .B L ! 490: is used then the match is for 4 bytes at a time instead of 2. ! 491: If no match is found then ! 492: .I dot ! 493: is unchanged; otherwise ! 494: .I dot ! 495: is set to the matched location. ! 496: If ! 497: .I mask ! 498: is omitted then \-1 is used. ! 499: .TP ! 500: .RB [ ?/ ] w "\fI value ...\fR" ! 501: Write the 2-byte ! 502: .I value ! 503: into the addressed location. If the command is ! 504: .BR W , ! 505: write 4 bytes. ! 506: Odd addresses are not allowed when writing to the subprocess address space. ! 507: .TP ! 508: [\fB?/\fR]\fBm\fI b1 e1 f1\fR[\fB?/\fR] ! 509: .br ! 510: New values for ! 511: .RI ( b1,\ e1,\ f1 ) ! 512: are recorded. If less than three expressions are given then ! 513: the remaining map parameters are left unchanged. ! 514: If the `?' or `/' is followed by `\*(ST' then ! 515: the second segment (\fIb2\fR\|,\|\fIe2\fR\|,\|\fIf2\fR) ! 516: of the mapping is changed. ! 517: If the list is terminated by `?' or `/' then the file (\fIobjfil\fR or ! 518: .I corfil ! 519: respectively) is used for subsequent requests. ! 520: (So that, for example, `/m?' will cause `/' to refer to ! 521: .IR objfil .) ! 522: .TP ! 523: .BI \*(GT name ! 524: .I Dot ! 525: is assigned to the variable or register named. ! 526: .TP ! 527: .B ! ! 528: A shell (/bin/sh) is called to read the rest of the line following `!'. ! 529: .TP ! 530: .RI $ modifier ! 531: Miscellaneous commands. The available ! 532: .I modifiers ! 533: are: ! 534: .RS ! 535: .TP ! 536: .BI < f ! 537: Read commands from the file ! 538: .IR f . ! 539: If this command is executed in a file, further commands ! 540: in the file are not seen. ! 541: If ! 542: .I f ! 543: is omitted, the current input stream is terminated. If a ! 544: .I count ! 545: is given, and is zero, the command will be ignored. ! 546: The value of the count will be placed in variable ! 547: .I 9 ! 548: before the first command in ! 549: .I f ! 550: is executed. ! 551: .br ! 552: .ns ! 553: .TP ! 554: .BI << f ! 555: Similar to ! 556: .B < ! 557: except it can be used in a file of commands without ! 558: causing the file to be closed. Variable ! 559: .I 9 ! 560: is saved during the execution of this command, and restored when it completes. ! 561: There is a (small) finite limit to the number of ! 562: .B << ! 563: files that can be open at once. ! 564: .br ! 565: .ns ! 566: .TP ! 567: .BI > f ! 568: Append output to the file ! 569: .IR f , ! 570: which is created if it does not exist. If ! 571: .I f ! 572: is omitted, output is returned to the terminal. ! 573: .br ! 574: .ns ! 575: .TP ! 576: .B ? ! 577: Print process id, the signal which caused stoppage or termination, ! 578: as well as the registers as \fB$r\fR. This is the default if ! 579: \fImodifier\fR is omitted. ! 580: .br ! 581: .ns ! 582: .TP ! 583: .B r ! 584: Print the general registers and the instruction addressed by ! 585: .BR pc . ! 586: .I Dot ! 587: is set to \fBpc\fR. ! 588: .br ! 589: .ns ! 590: .TP ! 591: .B b ! 592: Print all breakpoints and their associated counts and commands. ! 593: .br ! 594: .ns ! 595: .TP ! 596: .B c ! 597: C stack backtrace. If ! 598: .I address ! 599: is given then it is taken as the address of the current frame ! 600: instead of the contents of the frame\-pointer register. If ! 601: .B C ! 602: is used then the names and (32 bit) values of all automatic ! 603: and static variables are printed for each active function. (broken ! 604: on the VAX). If ! 605: .I count ! 606: is given then only the first ! 607: .I count ! 608: frames are printed. ! 609: .br ! 610: .ns ! 611: .TP ! 612: .B d ! 613: Set the default radix to ! 614: .I address ! 615: and report the new value. Note that ! 616: .I address ! 617: is interpreted in the (old) current radix. ! 618: Thus \*(lq10$d\*(rq never changes the default radix. ! 619: To make decimal the default radix, use \*(lq0t10$d\*(rq. ! 620: .br ! 621: .ns ! 622: .TP ! 623: .B e ! 624: The names and values of external variables are printed. ! 625: .br ! 626: .ns ! 627: .TP ! 628: .B w ! 629: Set the page width for output to ! 630: .I address ! 631: (default 80). ! 632: .br ! 633: .ns ! 634: .TP ! 635: .B s ! 636: Set the limit for symbol matches to ! 637: .I address ! 638: (default 255). ! 639: .br ! 640: .ns ! 641: .TP ! 642: .B o ! 643: All integers input are regarded as octal. ! 644: .br ! 645: .ns ! 646: .TP ! 647: .B q ! 648: Exit from ! 649: .IR adb . ! 650: .br ! 651: .ns ! 652: .TP ! 653: .B v ! 654: Print all non zero variables in octal. ! 655: .br ! 656: .ns ! 657: .TP ! 658: .B m ! 659: Print the address map. ! 660: .br ! 661: .ns ! 662: .TP ! 663: .B p ! 664: .RI ( "Kernel debugging" ) ! 665: Change the current kernel memory mapping to map the designated ! 666: .B "user structure" ! 667: to the address given by the symbol ! 668: .I "_u." ! 669: The ! 670: .I address ! 671: argument is the address of the user's user page table entries (on ! 672: the VAX). ! 673: .RE ! 674: .TP ! 675: .BI : modifier ! 676: Manage a subprocess. Available modifiers are: ! 677: .RS ! 678: .TP ! 679: .BI b c ! 680: Set breakpoint at ! 681: .IR address . ! 682: The breakpoint is executed ! 683: .IR count \-1 ! 684: times before causing a stop. ! 685: Each time the breakpoint is encountered the command ! 686: .I c ! 687: is executed. If this command is omitted or sets ! 688: .I dot ! 689: to zero then the breakpoint causes a stop. ! 690: .TP ! 691: .B d ! 692: Delete breakpoint at ! 693: .IR address . ! 694: .TP ! 695: .B r ! 696: Run ! 697: .I objfil ! 698: as a subprocess. If ! 699: .I address ! 700: is given explicitly then the program is entered at this point; otherwise ! 701: the program is entered at its standard entry point. ! 702: .I count ! 703: specifies how many breakpoints are to be ignored before stopping. ! 704: Arguments to the subprocess may be supplied on the same line as the command. ! 705: An argument starting with < or > causes the standard ! 706: input or output to be established for the command. ! 707: .TP ! 708: .BI c s ! 709: The subprocess is continued with signal ! 710: .I s, ! 711: see ! 712: .IR sigvec (2). ! 713: If ! 714: .I address ! 715: is given then the subprocess is continued at this address. ! 716: If no signal is specified then the signal ! 717: that caused the subprocess to stop is sent. ! 718: Breakpoint skipping is the same as for ! 719: .BR r . ! 720: .TP ! 721: .BI s s ! 722: As for ! 723: .B c ! 724: except that the subprocess is single stepped ! 725: .I count ! 726: times. If there is no current subprocess then ! 727: .I objfil ! 728: is run as a subprocess as for ! 729: .BR r . ! 730: In this case no signal can be sent; the remainder of the line ! 731: is treated as arguments to the subprocess. ! 732: .TP ! 733: .B k ! 734: The current subprocess, if any, is terminated. ! 735: .RE ! 736: .SH VARIABLES ! 737: .I Adb ! 738: provides a number of variables. ! 739: Named variables are set initially by ! 740: .I adb ! 741: but are not used subsequently. ! 742: Numbered variables are reserved for communication as follows. ! 743: .TP ! 744: 0 ! 745: The last value printed. ! 746: .br ! 747: .ns ! 748: .TP ! 749: 1 ! 750: The last offset part of an instruction source. ! 751: .br ! 752: .ns ! 753: .TP ! 754: 2 ! 755: The previous value of variable 1. ! 756: .br ! 757: .ns ! 758: .TP ! 759: 9 ! 760: The count on the last $< or $<< command. ! 761: .PP ! 762: On entry the following are set from the system header in the ! 763: .IR corfil . ! 764: If ! 765: .I corfil ! 766: does not appear to be a ! 767: .B core ! 768: file then these values are set from ! 769: .IR objfil . ! 770: .TP ! 771: b ! 772: The base address of the data segment. ! 773: .br ! 774: .ns ! 775: .TP ! 776: d ! 777: The data segment size. ! 778: .br ! 779: .ns ! 780: .TP ! 781: e ! 782: The entry point. ! 783: .br ! 784: .ns ! 785: .TP ! 786: m ! 787: The `magic' number (0407, 0410 or 0413). ! 788: .br ! 789: .ns ! 790: .TP ! 791: s ! 792: The stack segment size. ! 793: .br ! 794: .ns ! 795: .TP ! 796: t ! 797: The text segment size. ! 798: .SH ADDRESSES ! 799: The address in a file associated with ! 800: a written address is determined by a mapping associated with that file. ! 801: Each mapping is represented by two triples ! 802: .RI ( "b1, e1, f1" ) ! 803: and ! 804: .RI ( "b2, e2, f2" ) ! 805: and the ! 806: .I file address ! 807: corresponding to a written ! 808: .I address ! 809: is calculated as follows. ! 810: .PP ! 811: .if t .ti 1.5i ! 812: .if n .ti 8 ! 813: .IR b1 \*(LE address < e1 ! 814: \*(IM ! 815: .IR "file address" = address + f1\-b1, ! 816: otherwise, ! 817: .PP ! 818: .if t .ti 1.5i ! 819: .if n .ti 8 ! 820: .IR b2 \*(LE address < e2 ! 821: \*(IM ! 822: .IR "file address" = address + f2\-b2, ! 823: .PP ! 824: otherwise, the requested ! 825: .I address ! 826: is not legal. In some cases (e.g. for programs with separated I and D ! 827: space) the two segments for a file may overlap. If a ! 828: .B ? ! 829: or ! 830: .B / ! 831: is followed by an ! 832: .B \*(ST ! 833: then only the second triple is used. ! 834: .PP ! 835: The initial setting of both mappings is suitable for normal ! 836: .B a.out ! 837: and ! 838: .B core ! 839: files. If either file is not of the kind expected then, for that file, ! 840: .I b1 ! 841: is set to 0, ! 842: .I e1 ! 843: is set to the maximum file size and ! 844: .I f1 ! 845: is set to 0; in this way the whole ! 846: file can be examined with no address translation. ! 847: .PP ! 848: .SH FILES ! 849: a.out ! 850: .br ! 851: core ! 852: .SH SEE\ ALSO ! 853: cc(1), ! 854: dbx(1), ! 855: ptrace(2), ! 856: a.out(5), ! 857: core(5) ! 858: .SH DIAGNOSTICS ! 859: `Adb' when there is no current command or format. ! 860: Comments about inaccessible files, syntax errors, ! 861: abnormal termination of commands, etc. ! 862: Exit status is 0, unless last command failed or returned nonzero status. ! 863: .SH BUGS ! 864: Since no shell is invoked to interpret the arguments of the ! 865: .B :r ! 866: command, the customary wild-card and variable expansions cannot occur.
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