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Annotation of 43BSDTahoe/man/man1/chmod.1, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .\"    @(#)chmod.1     6.3 (Berkeley) 5/22/86
        !             2: .\"
        !             3: .TH CHMOD 1 "May 22, 1986"
        !             4: .AT 3
        !             5: .SH NAME
        !             6: chmod \- change mode
        !             7: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !             8: \fBchmod\fP [
        !             9: .B \-Rf
        !            10: ] mode file ...
        !            11: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            12: The mode of each named file is changed according to \fImode\fP,
        !            13: which may be absolute or symbolic.  An absolute \fImode\fP
        !            14: is an octal number constructed from the OR of the following modes:
        !            15: .TP 10
        !            16: 4000
        !            17: set user ID on execution
        !            18: .br
        !            19: .ns
        !            20: .TP 10
        !            21: 2000
        !            22: set group ID on execution
        !            23: .br
        !            24: .ns
        !            25: .TP 10
        !            26: 1000
        !            27: sticky bit, see
        !            28: .IR  chmod (2)
        !            29: .br
        !            30: .ns
        !            31: .TP 10
        !            32: 0400
        !            33: read by owner
        !            34: .br
        !            35: .ns
        !            36: .TP 10
        !            37: 0200
        !            38: write by owner
        !            39: .br
        !            40: .ns
        !            41: .TP 10
        !            42: 0100
        !            43: execute (search in directory) by owner
        !            44: .br
        !            45: .ns
        !            46: .TP 10
        !            47: 0070
        !            48: read, write, execute (search) by group
        !            49: .br
        !            50: .ns
        !            51: .TP 10
        !            52: 0007
        !            53: read, write, execute (search) by others
        !            54: .LP
        !            55: A symbolic \fImode\fP has the form:
        !            56: .IP
        !            57: .RI [ who ]
        !            58: \fIop permission\fP
        !            59: .RI [ "op permission" "] ..."
        !            60: .LP
        !            61: The \fIwho\fP part is a combination of the letters \fBu\fP
        !            62: (for user's permissions), \fBg\fP (group) and \fBo\fP (other).
        !            63: The letter \fBa\fP stands for all, or \fBugo.\fP
        !            64: If \fIwho\fP is omitted, the default is \fIa\fP
        !            65: but the setting of the file creation mask (see umask(2)) is taken into account.
        !            66: .LP
        !            67: \fIOp\fP can be \fB+\fP to add \fIpermission\fP to the file's mode,
        !            68: \fB\-\fP to take away \fIpermission\fP and \fB=\fP to assign
        !            69: \fIpermission\fP absolutely (all other bits will be reset).
        !            70: .LP
        !            71: \fIPermission\fP is any combination of the letters \fBr\fP (read),
        !            72: \fBw\fP (write), \fBx\fP (execute),
        !            73: \fBX\fP (set execute only if file is a directory
        !            74: or some other execute bit is set),
        !            75: \fBs\fP (set owner or group id)
        !            76: and \fBt\fP (save text \- sticky).
        !            77: Letters \fBu\fP, \fBg\fP, or \fBo\fP indicate that \fIpermission\fP
        !            78: is to be taken from the current mode. 
        !            79: Omitting \fIpermission\fP
        !            80: is only useful with \fB=\fP to take away all permissions.
        !            81: .PP
        !            82: When the
        !            83: .B \-R
        !            84: option is given, 
        !            85: .I chmod
        !            86: recursively descends its directory arguments
        !            87: setting the mode for each file as described above.
        !            88: When symbolic links are encountered, their mode is not changed
        !            89: and they are not traversed.
        !            90: .PP
        !            91: If the
        !            92: .B \-f
        !            93: option is given,
        !            94: .I chmod
        !            95: will not complain if it fails to change the mode
        !            96: on a file.
        !            97: .SH EXAMPLES
        !            98: .LP
        !            99: The first example denies write permission to others,
        !           100: the second makes a file executable by all if it is executable by anyone:
        !           101: .IP
        !           102: chmod o\-w file
        !           103: .br
        !           104: chmod +X file
        !           105: .LP
        !           106: Multiple symbolic modes separated by commas may be given.
        !           107: Operations are performed in the order specified.  The letter
        !           108: \fBs\fP is only useful with \fBu\fP or \fBg.\fP
        !           109: .LP
        !           110: Only the owner of a file (or the super-user) may change its mode.
        !           111: .SH "SEE ALSO"
        !           112: ls(1), chmod(2), stat(2), umask(2), chown(8)

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