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Annotation of 43BSDTahoe/man/man1/chmod.1, revision 1.1.1.1

1.1       root        1: .\"    @(#)chmod.1     6.3 (Berkeley) 5/22/86
                      2: .\"
                      3: .TH CHMOD 1 "May 22, 1986"
                      4: .AT 3
                      5: .SH NAME
                      6: chmod \- change mode
                      7: .SH SYNOPSIS
                      8: \fBchmod\fP [
                      9: .B \-Rf
                     10: ] mode file ...
                     11: .SH DESCRIPTION
                     12: The mode of each named file is changed according to \fImode\fP,
                     13: which may be absolute or symbolic.  An absolute \fImode\fP
                     14: is an octal number constructed from the OR of the following modes:
                     15: .TP 10
                     16: 4000
                     17: set user ID on execution
                     18: .br
                     19: .ns
                     20: .TP 10
                     21: 2000
                     22: set group ID on execution
                     23: .br
                     24: .ns
                     25: .TP 10
                     26: 1000
                     27: sticky bit, see
                     28: .IR  chmod (2)
                     29: .br
                     30: .ns
                     31: .TP 10
                     32: 0400
                     33: read by owner
                     34: .br
                     35: .ns
                     36: .TP 10
                     37: 0200
                     38: write by owner
                     39: .br
                     40: .ns
                     41: .TP 10
                     42: 0100
                     43: execute (search in directory) by owner
                     44: .br
                     45: .ns
                     46: .TP 10
                     47: 0070
                     48: read, write, execute (search) by group
                     49: .br
                     50: .ns
                     51: .TP 10
                     52: 0007
                     53: read, write, execute (search) by others
                     54: .LP
                     55: A symbolic \fImode\fP has the form:
                     56: .IP
                     57: .RI [ who ]
                     58: \fIop permission\fP
                     59: .RI [ "op permission" "] ..."
                     60: .LP
                     61: The \fIwho\fP part is a combination of the letters \fBu\fP
                     62: (for user's permissions), \fBg\fP (group) and \fBo\fP (other).
                     63: The letter \fBa\fP stands for all, or \fBugo.\fP
                     64: If \fIwho\fP is omitted, the default is \fIa\fP
                     65: but the setting of the file creation mask (see umask(2)) is taken into account.
                     66: .LP
                     67: \fIOp\fP can be \fB+\fP to add \fIpermission\fP to the file's mode,
                     68: \fB\-\fP to take away \fIpermission\fP and \fB=\fP to assign
                     69: \fIpermission\fP absolutely (all other bits will be reset).
                     70: .LP
                     71: \fIPermission\fP is any combination of the letters \fBr\fP (read),
                     72: \fBw\fP (write), \fBx\fP (execute),
                     73: \fBX\fP (set execute only if file is a directory
                     74: or some other execute bit is set),
                     75: \fBs\fP (set owner or group id)
                     76: and \fBt\fP (save text \- sticky).
                     77: Letters \fBu\fP, \fBg\fP, or \fBo\fP indicate that \fIpermission\fP
                     78: is to be taken from the current mode. 
                     79: Omitting \fIpermission\fP
                     80: is only useful with \fB=\fP to take away all permissions.
                     81: .PP
                     82: When the
                     83: .B \-R
                     84: option is given, 
                     85: .I chmod
                     86: recursively descends its directory arguments
                     87: setting the mode for each file as described above.
                     88: When symbolic links are encountered, their mode is not changed
                     89: and they are not traversed.
                     90: .PP
                     91: If the
                     92: .B \-f
                     93: option is given,
                     94: .I chmod
                     95: will not complain if it fails to change the mode
                     96: on a file.
                     97: .SH EXAMPLES
                     98: .LP
                     99: The first example denies write permission to others,
                    100: the second makes a file executable by all if it is executable by anyone:
                    101: .IP
                    102: chmod o\-w file
                    103: .br
                    104: chmod +X file
                    105: .LP
                    106: Multiple symbolic modes separated by commas may be given.
                    107: Operations are performed in the order specified.  The letter
                    108: \fBs\fP is only useful with \fBu\fP or \fBg.\fP
                    109: .LP
                    110: Only the owner of a file (or the super-user) may change its mode.
                    111: .SH "SEE ALSO"
                    112: ls(1), chmod(2), stat(2), umask(2), chown(8)

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