Return to eqn.1 CVS log

Up to [CSRG BSD Unix] / 43BSDTahoe / man / man1

Annotation of 43BSDTahoe/man/man1/eqn.1, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .\"    @(#)eqn.1       4.1 (Berkeley) 4/29/85
        !             2: .\"
        !             3: .TH EQN 1
        !             4: .AT 3
        !             5: .EQ
        !             6: delim $$
        !             7: .EN
        !             8: .SH NAME
        !             9: eqn, neqn, checkeq \- typeset mathematics
        !            10: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !            11: .B eqn
        !            12: [
        !            13: .BR \-d xy
        !            14: ] [
        !            15: .BR \-p n
        !            16: ] [
        !            17: .BR \-s n
        !            18: ] [
        !            19: .BR \-f n
        !            20: ] 
        !            21: [ file ] ...
        !            22: .br
        !            23: .B checkeq
        !            24: [ file ] ...
        !            25: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            26: .I Eqn
        !            27: is a
        !            28: troff(1)
        !            29: preprocessor
        !            30: for typesetting mathematics
        !            31: on a Graphic Systems phototypesetter,
        !            32: .I neqn
        !            33: on terminals.
        !            34: Usage is almost always
        !            35: .PP
        !            36:        eqn file ... | troff
        !            37: .br
        !            38:        neqn file ... | nroff
        !            39: .PP
        !            40: If no files are specified, 
        !            41: these programs
        !            42: reads from the standard input.
        !            43: A line beginning with `.EQ' marks the start of an equation;
        !            44: the end of an equation
        !            45: is marked by a line beginning with `.EN'.
        !            46: Neither of these lines is altered,
        !            47: so they may be defined in macro packages
        !            48: to get
        !            49: centering, numbering, etc.
        !            50: It is also possible to set two characters as `delimiters';
        !            51: subsequent text between delimiters is also treated as
        !            52: .ul
        !            53: eqn
        !            54: input.
        !            55: Delimiters may be set to characters
        !            56: .I x
        !            57: and
        !            58: .I y
        !            59: with the command-line argument
        !            60: .BI \-d xy
        !            61: or (more commonly) with
        !            62: `delim
        !            63: .IR xy '
        !            64: between .EQ and .EN.
        !            65: The left and right delimiters may be identical.
        !            66: Delimiters are turned off by `delim off'.
        !            67: All text that is neither between delimiters nor between .EQ and .EN
        !            68: is passed through untouched.
        !            69: .PP
        !            70: The program
        !            71: .I checkeq
        !            72: reports missing or unbalanced delimiters and .EQ/.EN pairs.
        !            73: .PP
        !            74: Tokens within
        !            75: .I eqn
        !            76: are separated by
        !            77: spaces, tabs, newlines, braces, double quotes,
        !            78: tildes or circumflexes.
        !            79: Braces {} are used for grouping;
        !            80: generally speaking,
        !            81: anywhere a single character like
        !            82: .I x
        !            83: could appear, a complicated construction
        !            84: enclosed in braces may be used instead.
        !            85: Tilde ~ represents a full space in the output,
        !            86: circumflex ^ half as much.
        !            87: .PP
        !            88: .vs 13p
        !            89: Subscripts and superscripts are produced with the keywords
        !            90: .B sub
        !            91: and
        !            92: .B sup.
        !            93: Thus
        !            94: .I "x sub i" 
        !            95: makes
        !            96: $x sub i$, 
        !            97: .I "a sub i sup 2"
        !            98: produces
        !            99: $a sub i sup 2$,
        !           100: and
        !           101: .I "e sup {x sup 2 + y sup 2}"
        !           102: gives
        !           103: $e sup {x sup 2 + y sup 2}$.
        !           104: .PP
        !           105: Fractions are made with
        !           106: .BR over :
        !           107: .I "a over b"
        !           108: yields $a over b$.
        !           109: .PP
        !           110: .B sqrt
        !           111: makes square roots:
        !           112: .I "1 over sqrt {ax sup 2 +bx+c}"
        !           113: results in
        !           114: $1 over sqrt {ax sup 2 +bx+c}$ .
        !           115: .PP
        !           116: The keywords
        !           117: .B from
        !           118: and
        !           119: .B to
        !           120: introduce lower and upper
        !           121: limits on arbitrary things:
        !           122: $lim from {n-> inf} sum from 0 to n x sub i$
        !           123: is made with
        !           124: .I "lim from {n\-> inf } sum from 0 to n x sub i."
        !           125: .PP
        !           126: Left and right brackets, braces, etc., of the right height are made with
        !           127: .B left
        !           128: and
        !           129: .B right:
        !           130: .I "left [ x sup 2 + y sup 2 over alpha right ] ~=~1"
        !           131: produces
        !           132: $left [ x sup 2 + y sup 2 over alpha right ] ~=~1$.
        !           133: The
        !           134: .B right
        !           135: clause is optional.
        !           136: Legal characters after 
        !           137: .B left
        !           138: and
        !           139: .B right
        !           140: are braces, brackets, bars,
        !           141: .B c
        !           142: and
        !           143: .B f
        !           144: for ceiling and floor,
        !           145: and "" for nothing at all (useful for a right-side-only bracket).
        !           146: .PP
        !           147: Vertical piles of things are made with 
        !           148: .BR pile ,
        !           149: .BR lpile ,
        !           150: .BR cpile ,
        !           151: and
        !           152: .BR rpile :
        !           153: .I "pile {a above b above c}"
        !           154: produces
        !           155: $pile {a above b above c}$.
        !           156: There can be an arbitrary number of elements in a pile.
        !           157: .B lpile
        !           158: left-justifies,
        !           159: .B pile
        !           160: and
        !           161: .B cpile
        !           162: center, with different vertical spacing,
        !           163: and 
        !           164: .B rpile
        !           165: right justifies.
        !           166: .PP
        !           167: Matrices are made with
        !           168: .BR matrix :
        !           169: .I "matrix { lcol { x sub i above y sub 2 } ccol { 1 above 2 } }"
        !           170: produces
        !           171: $matrix { lcol { x sub i above y sub 2 } ccol { 1 above 2 } }$.
        !           172: In addition, there is
        !           173: .B rcol
        !           174: for a right-justified column.
        !           175: .PP
        !           176: .vs 12p
        !           177: Diacritical marks are made with
        !           178: .BR dot ,
        !           179: .BR dotdot ,
        !           180: .BR hat ,
        !           181: .BR tilde ,
        !           182: .BR bar ,
        !           183: .BR vec ,
        !           184: .BR dyad ,
        !           185: and
        !           186: .BR under :
        !           187: .I "x dot = f(t) bar"
        !           188: is
        !           189: $x dot = f(t) bar$,
        !           190: .I "y dotdot bar ~=~ n under"
        !           191: is
        !           192: $y dotdot bar ~=~ n under$,
        !           193: and
        !           194: .I "x vec ~=~ y dyad"
        !           195: is
        !           196: $x vec ~=~ y dyad$.
        !           197: .PP
        !           198: Sizes and font can be changed with
        !           199: .B size
        !           200: .I n
        !           201: or
        !           202: .B size
        !           203: .BI \(+- n,
        !           204: .BR roman ,
        !           205: .BR italic ,
        !           206: .BR bold ,
        !           207: and
        !           208: .BR font
        !           209: .I n.
        !           210: Size and fonts can be changed globally in a document by
        !           211: .B gsize
        !           212: .I n
        !           213: and
        !           214: .B gfont
        !           215: .IR n ,
        !           216: or by the command-line arguments
        !           217: .BI \-s n
        !           218: and
        !           219: .BI \-f n.
        !           220: .PP
        !           221: Normally subscripts and superscripts are reduced by
        !           222: 3 point sizes from the previous size;
        !           223: this may be changed by the command-line argument
        !           224: .BI \-p n.
        !           225: .PP
        !           226: Successive display arguments can be lined up.
        !           227: Place
        !           228: .B mark
        !           229: before the desired lineup point in the first equation;
        !           230: place
        !           231: .B lineup
        !           232: at the place that is to line up vertically in subsequent equations.
        !           233: .PP
        !           234: Shorthands may be defined
        !           235: or existing keywords redefined with
        !           236: .BI define :
        !           237: .I "define thing % replacement %"
        !           238: defines a new token called
        !           239: .I thing
        !           240: which will be replaced by
        !           241: .I replacement
        !           242: whenever it appears thereafter.
        !           243: The 
        !           244: .I %
        !           245: may be any character that does not occur in
        !           246: .I replacement.
        !           247: .PP
        !           248: Keywords like 
        !           249: .I sum
        !           250: .EQ
        !           251: ( sum )
        !           252: .EN
        !           253: .I int
        !           254: .EQ
        !           255: ( int )
        !           256: .EN
        !           257: .I inf
        !           258: .EQ
        !           259: ( inf )
        !           260: .EN
        !           261: and shorthands like
        !           262: >=
        !           263: .EQ
        !           264: (>=)
        !           265: .EN
        !           266: \->
        !           267: .EQ
        !           268: (->),
        !           269: .EN
        !           270: and
        !           271: !=
        !           272: .EQ
        !           273: ( != )
        !           274: .EN
        !           275: are recognized.
        !           276: Greek letters are spelled out in the desired case, as in
        !           277: .I alpha
        !           278: or
        !           279: .I GAMMA.
        !           280: Mathematical words like sin, cos, log are made Roman automatically.
        !           281: .IR Troff (1)
        !           282: four-character escapes like \e(bs (\(bs)
        !           283: can be used anywhere.
        !           284: Strings enclosed in double quotes "..."
        !           285: are passed through untouched;
        !           286: this permits keywords to be entered as text,
        !           287: and can be used to communicate
        !           288: with 
        !           289: .I troff
        !           290: when all else fails.
        !           291: .SH "SEE ALSO"
        !           292: .PP
        !           293: troff(1), tbl(1), ms(7), eqnchar(7)
        !           294: .br
        !           295: B. W. Kernighan and L. L. Cherry,
        !           296: .ul
        !           297: Typesetting Mathematics\(emUser's Guide
        !           298: .br
        !           299: J. F. Ossanna,
        !           300: .ul
        !           301: NROFF/TROFF User's Manual
        !           302: .SH BUGS
        !           303: .PP
        !           304: To embolden digits, parens, etc.,
        !           305: it is necessary to quote them,
        !           306: as in `bold "12.3"'.

This archive runs on limited infrastructure. Preserving old code on modern bandwidth. Automated agents are requested to crawl responsibly.