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Annotation of 43BSDTahoe/man/man1/find.1, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .\" Copyright (c) 1985 Regents of the University of California.
        !             2: .\" All rights reserved.  The Berkeley software License Agreement
        !             3: .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
        !             4: .\"
        !             5: .\"    @(#)find.1      6.4 (Berkeley) 7/21/88
        !             6: .\"
        !             7: .TH FIND 1 "July 21, 1988"
        !             8: .AT 3
        !             9: .SH NAME
        !            10: find \- find files
        !            11: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !            12: .B find
        !            13: pathname-list expression
        !            14: .br 
        !            15: .B find
        !            16: pattern
        !            17: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            18: In the first form above,
        !            19: .I find
        !            20: recursively descends
        !            21: the directory hierarchy for
        !            22: each pathname in the
        !            23: .I pathname-list
        !            24: (i.e., one or more pathnames)
        !            25: seeking files that match a boolean
        !            26: .I expression
        !            27: written in the primaries given below.
        !            28: In the descriptions, the argument
        !            29: .I n
        !            30: is used as a decimal integer
        !            31: where
        !            32: .I +n
        !            33: means more than
        !            34: .I n,
        !            35: .I \-n
        !            36: means less than
        !            37: .I n
        !            38: and
        !            39: .I n
        !            40: means exactly
        !            41: .IR n .
        !            42: .PP
        !            43: The second form rapidly searches a database for all pathnames
        !            44: which match
        !            45: .IR pattern .
        !            46: Usually the database is recomputed
        !            47: weekly and contains the pathnames
        !            48: of all files which are publicly accessible.
        !            49: If escaped, normal shell
        !            50: \*(lqglobbing\*(rq characters (`*', `?', `[', and ']')
        !            51: may be used in
        !            52: .IR pattern ,
        !            53: but the matching differs in that no characters
        !            54: .RI ( e.g. " `/')"
        !            55: have to be matched explicitly.
        !            56: As a special case, a simple
        !            57: .I pattern
        !            58: containing no globbing characters
        !            59: is matched as though it were
        !            60: .IR *pattern* ;
        !            61: if any globbing character appears
        !            62: there are no implicit globbing characters.
        !            63: .TP 10n
        !            64: .BR \-name " filename"
        !            65: True if the
        !            66: .I filename
        !            67: argument matches the current file name.
        !            68: Normal
        !            69: shell
        !            70: argument syntax may be used if escaped (watch out for
        !            71: `[', `?' and `*').
        !            72: .TP
        !            73: .BR \-perm " onum"
        !            74: True if the file permission flags
        !            75: exactly
        !            76: match the
        !            77: octal number
        !            78: .I onum
        !            79: (see
        !            80: .IR  chmod (1)).
        !            81: If
        !            82: .I onum
        !            83: is prefixed by a minus sign,
        !            84: more flag bits (017777, see
        !            85: .IR   stat (2))
        !            86: become significant and
        !            87: the flags are compared:
        !            88: .IR (flags&onum)==onum .
        !            89: .TP
        !            90: .BR \-type " c"
        !            91: True if the type of the file
        !            92: is
        !            93: .I c,
        !            94: where
        !            95: .I c
        !            96: is
        !            97: .B "b, c, d, f, l"
        !            98: or
        !            99: .B s
        !           100: for
        !           101: block special file, character special file,
        !           102: directory, plain file, symbolic link, or socket.
        !           103: .TP
        !           104: .BR \-links " n"
        !           105: True if the file has
        !           106: .I n
        !           107: links.
        !           108: .TP
        !           109: .BR \-user " uname"
        !           110: True if the file belongs to the user
        !           111: .I uname
        !           112: (login name or numeric user ID).
        !           113: .TP
        !           114: .B \-nouser
        !           115: True if the file belongs to a user
        !           116: .I not
        !           117: in the /etc/passwd database.
        !           118: .TP
        !           119: .BR \-group " gname"
        !           120: True if the file belongs to group
        !           121: .I gname
        !           122: (group name or numeric group ID).
        !           123: .TP
        !           124: .B \-nogroup
        !           125: True if the file belongs to a group
        !           126: .I not
        !           127: in the /etc/group database.
        !           128: .TP
        !           129: .BR \-size " n"
        !           130: True if the file is
        !           131: .I n
        !           132: blocks long (512 bytes per block).
        !           133: .TP
        !           134: .BR \-inum " n"
        !           135: True if the file has inode number
        !           136: .I n.
        !           137: .TP
        !           138: .BR \-atime " n"
        !           139: True if the file has been accessed in
        !           140: .I n
        !           141: days.
        !           142: .TP
        !           143: .BR \-mtime " n"
        !           144: True if the file has been modified in
        !           145: .I n
        !           146: days.
        !           147: .TP
        !           148: .BR \-exec " command"
        !           149: True if the executed command returns
        !           150: a zero value as exit status.
        !           151: The end of the command must be punctuated by an escaped
        !           152: semicolon.
        !           153: A command argument `{}' is replaced by the
        !           154: current pathname.
        !           155: .TP
        !           156: .BR \-ok " command"
        !           157: Like
        !           158: .B \-exec
        !           159: except that the generated command is written on
        !           160: the standard output, then the standard input is read
        !           161: and the command executed only upon response
        !           162: .BR y .
        !           163: .TP
        !           164: .B  \-print
        !           165: Always true;
        !           166: causes the current pathname to be printed.
        !           167: .TP
        !           168: .B  \-ls
        !           169: Always true;
        !           170: causes current pathname to be printed together
        !           171: with its associated statistics.
        !           172: These include (respectively) inode number,
        !           173: size in kilobytes (1024 bytes),
        !           174: protection mode,
        !           175: number of hard links,
        !           176: user,
        !           177: group,
        !           178: size in bytes,
        !           179: and modification time.
        !           180: If the file is a special file
        !           181: the size field will instead contain the major and minor
        !           182: device numbers.
        !           183: If the file is a symbolic link the
        !           184: pathname of the linked-to file is printed preceded by ``->''.
        !           185: The format is identical to that of ``ls -gilds''
        !           186: (note however that formatting is done internally,
        !           187: without executing the ls program).
        !           188: .TP
        !           189: .BR \-newer " file"
        !           190: True if
        !           191: the current file has been modified more recently than the argument
        !           192: .I file.
        !           193: .TP
        !           194: .BR \-cpio " file"
        !           195: Write the current file on the argument
        !           196: .I file
        !           197: in
        !           198: .I cpio
        !           199: format.
        !           200: .TP
        !           201: .B \-xdev
        !           202: Always true;
        !           203: causes find
        !           204: .I not
        !           205: to traverse down into a file system different
        !           206: from the one on which current
        !           207: .I argument
        !           208: pathname resides.
        !           209: .TP
        !           210: .B \-follow
        !           211: Always true;
        !           212: causes find to traverse symbolic links to directories.
        !           213: Normally find does not traverse symbolic links.
        !           214: .PP
        !           215: The primaries may be combined using the following operators
        !           216: (in order of decreasing precedence):
        !           217: .TP 4
        !           218: 1)
        !           219: A parenthesized group of primaries and operators
        !           220: (parentheses are special to the Shell and must be escaped).
        !           221: .TP 4
        !           222: 2)
        !           223: The negation of a primary
        !           224: (`!' is the unary
        !           225: .I not
        !           226: operator).
        !           227: .TP 4
        !           228: 3)
        !           229: Concatenation of primaries
        !           230: (the
        !           231: .I and
        !           232: operation
        !           233: is implied by the juxtaposition of two primaries).
        !           234: .TP 4
        !           235: 4)
        !           236: Alternation of primaries
        !           237: .RB "(`" \-o "' is the"
        !           238: .I or
        !           239: operator).
        !           240: .SH EXAMPLES
        !           241: .PP
        !           242: To find all accessible files whose pathname contains `find':
        !           243: .IP
        !           244: find find
        !           245: .PP
        !           246: To typeset all variants of manual pages for `ls':
        !           247: .IP 
        !           248: vtroff -man `find '*man*/ls.?'`
        !           249: .PP
        !           250: To remove all files named
        !           251: `a.out' or `*.o' that have not been accessed for a week:
        !           252: .IP "" .2i
        !           253: find / \e( \-name a.out \-o \-name '*.o' \e) \-atime +7 \-exec rm {} \e\;
        !           254: .SH FILES
        !           255: .nf
        !           256: .ta \w'/usr/lib/find/find.codes     'u
        !           257: /etc/passwd
        !           258: /etc/group
        !           259: /usr/lib/find/find.codes       coded pathnames database
        !           260: .fi
        !           261: .SH "SEE ALSO"
        !           262: sh(1), test(1), fs(5)
        !           263: .br
        !           264: Relevant paper in February, 1983 issue of
        !           265: .I ;login:.
        !           266: .SH BUGS
        !           267: The first form's syntax is painful, and
        !           268: the second form's exact semantics is confusing and
        !           269: can vary from site to site.
        !           270: .PP
        !           271: More than one `-newer' option does not work properly.

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