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1.1 root 1: .\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California.
2: .\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement
3: .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
4: .\"
5: .\" @(#)more.1 6.4 (Berkeley) 6/5/86
6: .\"
7: .TH MORE 1 "June 5, 1986"
8: .UC 4
9: .SH NAME
10: more, page \- file perusal filter for crt viewing
11: .SH SYNOPSIS
12: .B more
13: [
14: .B \-cdflsu
15: ]
16: [
17: .B \-\fIn\fP
18: ]
19: [
20: .B +\fIlinenumber\fP
21: ]
22: [
23: .B +/\fIpattern\fP
24: ] [ name ... ]
25: .LP
26: .B page
27: .I "more options"
28: .SH DESCRIPTION
29: .I More
30: is a filter which allows examination of a continuous text
31: one screenful at a time on a soft-copy terminal.
32: It normally pauses after each screenful, printing --More--
33: at the bottom of the screen.
34: If the user then types a carriage return, one more line is displayed.
35: If the user hits a space,
36: another screenful is displayed. Other possibilities are enumerated later.
37: .PP
38: The command line options are:
39: .TP
40: .I \-n
41: An integer which is the size (in lines) of the window which
42: .I more
43: will use instead of the default.
44: .TP
45: .B \-c
46: .I More
47: will draw each page by beginning at the top of the screen and erasing
48: each line just before it draws on it.
49: This avoids scrolling the screen, making it easier to read while
50: .I more
51: is writing.
52: This option will be ignored if the terminal does not have the ability
53: to clear to the end of a line.
54: .TP
55: .B \-d
56: .I More
57: will prompt the user with the message "Press
58: space to continue, \'q\' to quit." at the end of each screenful,
59: and will respond to subsequent illegal user input by
60: printing "Press \'h\' for instructions." instead of ringing the bell.
61: This is useful if
62: .I more
63: is being used as a filter in some setting,
64: such as a class,
65: where many users may be unsophisticated.
66: .TP
67: .B \-f
68: This causes
69: .I more
70: to count logical, rather than screen lines.
71: That is, long lines are not folded.
72: This option is recommended if
73: .I nroff
74: output is being piped through
75: .I ul,
76: since the latter may generate escape sequences.
77: These escape sequences contain characters which would ordinarily occupy
78: screen positions, but which do not print when they are sent to the
79: terminal as part of an escape sequence.
80: Thus
81: .I more
82: may think that lines are longer than they actually are, and fold
83: lines erroneously.
84: .TP
85: .B \-l
86: Do
87: not treat ^\&L (form feed) specially.
88: If this option is not given,
89: .I more
90: will pause after any line that contains a ^\&L, as if the end of a
91: screenful had been reached.
92: Also, if a file begins with a form feed, the screen will be cleared
93: before the file is printed.
94: .TP
95: .B \-s
96: Squeeze multiple blank lines from the output, producing only one blank
97: line. Especially helpful when viewing
98: .I nroff
99: output, this option maximizes the useful information present on the screen.
100: .TP
101: .B \-u
102: Normally,
103: .I more
104: will handle underlining such as produced by
105: .I nroff
106: in a manner appropriate to the particular terminal: if the terminal can
107: perform underlining or has a stand-out mode,
108: .I more
109: will output appropriate escape sequences to enable underlining or stand-out
110: mode for underlined information in the source file. The
111: .I \-u
112: option suppresses this processing.
113: .TP
114: .B +\fIlinenumber\fP
115: Start up at \fIlinenumber\fP.
116: .TP
117: .B +/\fIpattern\fP
118: Start up two lines before the line containing the
119: regular expression \fIpattern\fP.
120: .PP
121: If the program is invoked as
122: .I page,
123: then the screen is cleared before each screenful is printed (but only
124: if a full screenful is being printed), and
125: .I k
126: \- 1 rather
127: than
128: .I k
129: \- 2 lines are printed in each screenful, where
130: .I k
131: is the number of lines the terminal can display.
132: .PP
133: .I More
134: looks in the file
135: .I /etc/termcap
136: to determine terminal characteristics,
137: and to determine the default window size.
138: On a terminal capable of displaying 24 lines,
139: the default window size is 22 lines.
140: .PP
141: .I More
142: looks in the environment variable
143: .I MORE
144: to pre-set any flags desired. For example, if you prefer to view files using
145: the
146: .I \-c
147: mode of operation, the
148: .I csh
149: command
150: .I "setenv MORE -c"
151: or the
152: .I sh
153: command sequence
154: .I "MORE='-c' ; export MORE"
155: would cause all invocations of
156: .I more ,
157: including invocations by programs such as
158: .I man
159: and
160: .I msgs ,
161: to use this mode.
162: Normally, the user will place the command sequence which sets up the
163: .I MORE
164: environment variable in the
165: .I .cshrc
166: or
167: .I .profile
168: file.
169: .PP
170: If
171: .I more
172: is reading from a file, rather than a pipe, then a percentage is displayed
173: along with the --More-- prompt.
174: This gives the fraction of the file (in characters, not lines) that has been
175: read so far.
176: .PP
177: Other sequences which may be typed when
178: .I more
179: pauses, and their effects, are as follows (\fIi\fP is an optional integer
180: argument, defaulting to 1) :
181: .PP
182: .IP \fIi\|\fP<space>
183: display
184: .I i
185: more lines, (or another screenful if no argument is given)
186: .PP
187: .IP ^D
188: display 11 more lines (a ``scroll'').
189: If
190: .I i
191: is given, then the scroll size is set to \fIi\|\fP.
192: .PP
193: .IP d
194: same as ^D (control-D)
195: .PP
196: .IP \fIi\|\fPz
197: same as typing a space except that \fIi\|\fP, if present, becomes the new
198: window size.
199: .PP
200: .IP \fIi\|\fPs
201: skip \fIi\|\fP lines and print a screenful of lines
202: .PP
203: .IP \fIi\|\fPf
204: skip \fIi\fP screenfuls and print a screenful of lines
205: .PP
206: .IP \fIi\|\fPb
207: skip back \fIi\fP screenfuls and print a screenful of lines
208: .PP
209: .IP \fIi\|\fP^B
210: same as b
211: .PP
212: .IP "q or Q"
213: Exit from
214: .I more.
215: .PP
216: .IP =
217: Display the current line number.
218: .PP
219: .IP v
220: Start up the editor
221: .I vi
222: at the current line.
223: .PP
224: .IP h
225: Help command; give a description of all the
226: .I more
227: commands.
228: .PP
229: .IP \fIi\|\fP/expr
230: search for the \fIi\|\fP-th occurrence of the regular expression \fIexpr.\fP
231: If there are less than \fIi\fP occurrences of \fIexpr\|\fP,
232: and the input is a file (rather than a pipe),
233: then the position in the file remains unchanged.
234: Otherwise, a screenful is displayed, starting two lines before the place
235: where the expression was found.
236: The user's erase and kill characters may be used to edit the regular
237: expression.
238: Erasing back past the first column cancels the search command.
239: .PP
240: .IP \fIi\|\fPn
241: search for the \fIi\|\fP-th occurrence of the last regular expression entered.
242: .PP
243: .IP \'
244: (single quote) Go to the point from which the last search started.
245: If no search has been performed in the current file, this command
246: goes back to the beginning of the file.
247: .PP
248: .IP !command
249: invoke a shell with \fIcommand\|\fP.
250: The characters `%' and `!' in "command" are replaced with the
251: current file name and the previous shell command respectively.
252: If there is no current file name, `%' is not expanded.
253: The sequences "\\%" and "\\!" are replaced by "%" and "!" respectively.
254: .PP
255: .IP \fIi\|\fP:n
256: skip to the \fIi\|\fP-th next file given in the command line
257: (skips to last file if n doesn't make sense)
258: .PP
259: .IP \fIi\|\fP:p
260: skip to the \fIi\|\fP-th previous file given in the command line.
261: If this command is given in the middle of printing out a
262: file, then
263: .I more
264: goes back to the beginning of the file. If \fIi\fP doesn't make sense,
265: .I more
266: skips back to the first file.
267: If
268: .I more
269: is not reading from a file, the bell is rung and nothing else happens.
270: .PP
271: .IP :f
272: display the current file name and line number.
273: .PP
274: .IP ":q or :Q"
275: exit from
276: .I more
277: (same as q or Q).
278: .PP
279: .IP .
280: (dot) repeat the previous command.
281: .PP
282: The commands take effect immediately, i.e., it is not necessary to
283: type a carriage return.
284: Up to the time when the command character itself is given,
285: the user may hit the line kill character to cancel the numerical
286: argument being formed.
287: In addition, the user may hit the erase character to redisplay the
288: --More--(xx%) message.
289: .PP
290: At any time when output is being sent to the terminal, the user can
291: hit the quit key (normally control\-\\).
292: .I More
293: will stop sending output, and will display the usual --More--
294: prompt.
295: The user may then enter one of the above commands in the normal manner.
296: Unfortunately, some output is lost when this is done, due to the
297: fact that any characters waiting in the terminal's output queue
298: are flushed when the quit signal occurs.
299: .PP
300: The terminal is set to
301: .I noecho
302: mode by this program so that the output can be continuous.
303: What you type will thus not show on your terminal, except for the / and !
304: commands.
305: .PP
306: If the standard output is not a teletype, then
307: .I more
308: acts just like
309: .I cat,
310: except that a header is printed before each file (if there is
311: more than one).
312: .PP
313: .DT
314: A sample usage of
315: .I more
316: in previewing
317: .I nroff
318: output would be
319: .PP
320: nroff \-ms +2 doc.n | more -s
321: .SH FILES
322: .DT
323: /etc/termcap Terminal data base
324: .br
325: /usr/lib/more.help Help file
326: .SH "SEE ALSO"
327: csh(1), man(1), msgs(1), script(1), sh(1), environ(7)
328: .SH BUGS
329: Skipping backwards is too slow on large files.
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