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1.1 root 1: .\" Copyright (c) 1983 Regents of the University of California.
2: .\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement
3: .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
4: .\"
5: .\" @(#)netstat.1 6.7 (Berkeley) 5/14/88
6: .\"
7: .TH NETSTAT 1 "May 14, 1988"
8: .UC 5
9: .SH NAME
10: netstat \- show network status
11: .SH SYNOPSIS
12: .B netstat
13: [
14: .B \-Aan
15: ] [
16: .B \-f
17: .I address_family
18: ] [
19: .I system
20: ] [
21: .I core
22: ]
23: .br
24: .B netstat
25: [
26: .B \-himnrs
27: ] [
28: .B \-f
29: .I address_family
30: ] [
31: .I system
32: ] [
33: .I core
34: ]
35: .br
36: .B netstat
37: [
38: .B \-n
39: ] [
40: .B \-I
41: .I interface
42: ]
43: .I interval
44: [
45: .I system
46: ] [
47: .I core
48: ]
49: .br
50: .B netstat
51: [
52: .B \-p
53: .I protocol
54: ] [
55: .I system
56: ] [
57: .I core
58: ]
59: .SH DESCRIPTION
60: The
61: .I netstat
62: command symbolically displays the contents of various network-related
63: data structures.
64: There are a number of output formats,
65: depending on the options for the information presented.
66: The first form of the command displays a list of active sockets for
67: each protocol.
68: The second form presents the contents of one of the other network
69: data structures according to the option selected.
70: Using the third form, with an
71: .I interval
72: specified,
73: .I netstat
74: will continuously display the information regarding packet
75: traffic on the configured network interfaces.
76: The fourth form displays statistics about the named protocol.
77: .PP
78: The options have the following meaning:
79: .TP
80: .B \-A
81: With the default display,
82: show the address of any protocol control blocks associated with sockets; used
83: for debugging.
84: .TP
85: .B \-a
86: With the default display,
87: show the state of all sockets; normally sockets used by
88: server processes are not shown.
89: .B \-d
90: With either interface display (option
91: .B \-i
92: or an interval, as described below),
93: show the number of dropped packets.
94: .TP
95: .B \-h
96: Show the state of the IMP host table.
97: .TP
98: .B \-i
99: Show the state of interfaces which have been auto-configured
100: (interfaces statically configured into a system, but not
101: located at boot time are not shown).
102: .TP
103: .BI \-I " interface"
104: Show information only about this interface;
105: used with an
106: .I interval
107: as described below.
108: .TP
109: .B \-m
110: Show statistics recorded by the memory management routines
111: (the network manages a private pool of memory buffers).
112: .TP
113: .B \-n
114: Show network addresses as numbers (normally
115: .I netstat
116: interprets addresses and attempts to display them
117: symbolically).
118: This option may be used with any of the display formats.
119: .TP
120: .BI \-p " protocol"
121: Show statistics about
122: .IR protocol ,
123: which is either a well-known name for a protocol or an alias for it. Some
124: protocol names and aliases are listed in the file
125: .IR /etc/protocols .
126: A null response typically means that there are no interesting numbers to
127: report.
128: The program will complain if
129: .I protocol
130: is unknown or if there is no statistics routine for it.
131: .TP
132: .B \-s
133: Show per-protocol statistics.
134: .TP
135: .B \-r
136: Show the routing tables.
137: When
138: .B \-s
139: is also present, show routing statistics instead.
140: .TP
141: .BI \-f " address_family"
142: Limit statistics or address control block reports to those
143: of the specified
144: .IR address\ family .
145: The following address families
146: are recognized:
147: .IR inet ,
148: for
149: .BR AF_INET ,
150: .IR ns ,
151: for
152: .BR AF_NS ,
153: and
154: .IR unix ,
155: for
156: .BR AF_UNIX .
157: .PP
158: The arguments,
159: .I system
160: and
161: .I core
162: allow substitutes for the defaults ``/vmunix'' and ``/dev/kmem''.
163: .PP
164: The default display, for active sockets, shows the local
165: and remote addresses, send and receive queue sizes (in bytes), protocol,
166: and the internal state of the protocol.
167: Address formats are of the form ``host.port'' or ``network.port''
168: if a socket's address specifies a network but no specific host address.
169: When known the host and network addresses are displayed symbolically
170: according to the data bases
171: .I /etc/hosts
172: and
173: .IR /etc/networks ,
174: respectively. If a symbolic name for an address is unknown, or if
175: the
176: .B \-n
177: option is specified, the address is printed numerically, according
178: to the address family.
179: For more information regarding
180: the Internet ``dot format,''
181: refer to
182: .IR inet (3N).
183: Unspecified,
184: or ``wildcard'', addresses and ports appear as ``*''.
185: .PP
186: The interface display provides a table of cumulative
187: statistics regarding packets transferred, errors, and collisions.
188: The network addresses of the interface
189: and the maximum transmission unit (``mtu'') are also displayed.
190: .PP
191: The routing table display indicates the available routes and
192: their status. Each route consists of a destination host or network
193: and a gateway to use in forwarding packets. The flags field shows
194: the state of the route (``U'' if ``up''), whether the route
195: is to a gateway (``G''), whether the route was created dynamically
196: by a redirect (``D''), and whether the route has been modified
197: by a redirect (``M''). Direct routes are created for each
198: interface attached to the local host;
199: the gateway field for such entries shows the address of the outgoing interface.
200: The refcnt field gives the
201: current number of active uses of the route. Connection oriented
202: protocols normally hold on to a single route for the duration of
203: a connection while connectionless protocols obtain a route while sending
204: to the same destination.
205: The use field provides a count of the number of packets
206: sent using that route. The interface entry indicates the network
207: interface utilized for the route.
208: .PP
209: When
210: .I netstat
211: is invoked with an
212: .I interval
213: argument, it displays a running count of statistics related to
214: network interfaces. This display consists of a
215: column for the primary interface
216: (the first interface found during autoconfiguration)
217: and a column summarizing
218: information for all interfaces.
219: The primary interface may be replaced with another interface with the
220: .I \-I
221: option.
222: The first line of each screen of information contains a summary since the
223: system was last rebooted. Subsequent lines of output show values
224: accumulated over the preceding interval.
225: .SH SEE ALSO
226: iostat(1),
227: vmstat(1),
228: hosts(5),
229: networks(5),
230: protocols(5),
231: services(5),
232: trpt(8C)
233: .SH BUGS
234: The notion of errors is ill-defined. Collisions mean
235: something else for the IMP.
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