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Annotation of 43BSDTahoe/man/man1/ps.1, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California.
        !             2: .\" All rights reserved.  The Berkeley software License Agreement
        !             3: .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
        !             4: .\"
        !             5: .\"    @(#)ps.1        6.5 (Berkeley) 3/10/88
        !             6: .\"
        !             7: .TH PS 1 "March 10, 1988"
        !             8: .UC 4
        !             9: .SH NAME
        !            10: ps \- process status
        !            11: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !            12: .B ps
        !            13: [
        !            14: .B acegklnstuvwxU#
        !            15: ]
        !            16: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            17: .I Ps
        !            18: prints information about processes.
        !            19: Normally, only your processes are candidates to be printed by
        !            20: .I ps;
        !            21: specifying
        !            22: .B a
        !            23: causes other users' processes to be candidates to be printed;
        !            24: specifying
        !            25: .B x
        !            26: includes processes without control terminals in the candidate pool.
        !            27: .PP
        !            28: All output formats include, for each process, the process id PID,
        !            29: control terminal of the process TT, cpu time used by the process TIME
        !            30: (this includes both user and system time), the state STAT of the process,
        !            31: and an indication of the COMMAND which is running.
        !            32: The state is given by a sequence of letters, e.g. ``RWNA''.
        !            33: The first letter indicates the runnability of the process:
        !            34: R for runnable processes,
        !            35: T for stopped processes,
        !            36: P for processes in page wait,
        !            37: D for those in disk (or other short term) waits,
        !            38: S for those sleeping for less than about 20 seconds,
        !            39: and I for idle (sleeping longer than about 20 seconds)
        !            40: processes.
        !            41: Additional characters after these, if any,
        !            42: indicate additional state information.
        !            43: The letter W indicates that a process is swapped out,
        !            44: showing W if it is, or a blank if it is loaded (in-core).
        !            45: A process which has specified a soft limit on memory requirements
        !            46: and which is exceeding that limit shows >; such a process is (necessarily)
        !            47: not swapped.
        !            48: An additional letter may indicate whether a process is running with altered
        !            49: CPU scheduling priority (nice); if the process priority is reduced,
        !            50: an N is shown, if the process priority has been artificially raised then
        !            51: a `<' is shown.
        !            52: The final optional letter
        !            53: indicates any special treatment of the process for virtual
        !            54: memory replacement; the letters correspond to options to the
        !            55: .IR vadvise (2)
        !            56: call; currently the possibilities are A standing for VA_ANOM and 
        !            57: S for VA_SEQL.
        !            58: An A typically represents a
        !            59: .IR lisp (1)
        !            60: in garbage collection, and S is typical of large image processing programs
        !            61: which are using virtual memory to sequentially address voluminous data.
        !            62: .PP
        !            63: Here are the options:
        !            64: .TP 5
        !            65: .B a
        !            66: asks for information about all processes with terminals (ordinarily
        !            67: only one's own processes are displayed).
        !            68: .TP 5
        !            69: .B c
        !            70: prints the command name, as stored internally in the system for purposes
        !            71: of accounting, rather than the command arguments, which are kept
        !            72: in the process' address space.  This is more reliable, if less informative,
        !            73: since the process is free to destroy the latter information.
        !            74: .TP 5
        !            75: .B e
        !            76: Asks for the environment to be printed as well as the arguments to the command.
        !            77: .TP 5
        !            78: .B g
        !            79: Asks for all processes.
        !            80: Without this option,
        !            81: .I ps
        !            82: only prints ``interesting'' processes.
        !            83: Processes are deemed to be uninteresting if they are process group leaders.
        !            84: This normally eliminates top-level command interpreters and processes
        !            85: waiting for users to login on free terminals.
        !            86: .TP 5
        !            87: .B k
        !            88: causes the file
        !            89: .I /vmcore
        !            90: is used in place of
        !            91: .IR /dev/kmem " and " /dev/mem.
        !            92: This is used for
        !            93: postmortem system debugging.
        !            94: .TP 5
        !            95: .B l
        !            96: asks for a long listing, with fields PPID, CP, PRI, NI, ADDR, SIZE, RSS and
        !            97: WCHAN as described below.
        !            98: .TP 5
        !            99: .B n
        !           100: Asks for numerical output.
        !           101: In a long listing, the WCHAN field is printed numerically rather than
        !           102: symbolically, or, in a user listing, the USER field is replaced by a
        !           103: UID field.
        !           104: .TP 5
        !           105: .B s
        !           106: Adds the size SSIZ of the kernel stack of each process (for use by system
        !           107: maintainers) to the basic output format.
        !           108: .TP 5
        !           109: \fBt\fIx\fR
        !           110: restricts output to processes whose controlling tty is \fIx\fR
        !           111: (which should be specified as printed by
        !           112: .I ps,
        !           113: e.g.
        !           114: .I t3
        !           115: for tty3,
        !           116: .I tco
        !           117: for console,
        !           118: .I td0
        !           119: for ttyd0,
        !           120: .I t?
        !           121: for processes with no tty,
        !           122: .I t
        !           123: for processes at the current tty,
        !           124: etc).
        !           125: This option must be the last one given.
        !           126: .TP 5
        !           127: .B u
        !           128: A user oriented output is produced.
        !           129: This includes fields USER, %CPU, NICE, SIZE, and RSS as described below.
        !           130: .TP 5
        !           131: .B v
        !           132: A version of the output containing virtual memory statistics is output.
        !           133: This includes fields RE, SL, PAGEIN, SIZE, RSS, LIM, TSIZ, TRS, %CPU
        !           134: and %MEM, described below.
        !           135: .TP 5
        !           136: .B w
        !           137: Use a wide output format (132 columns rather than 80); if repeated,
        !           138: e.g. ww, use arbitrarily wide output.
        !           139: This information is used to decide how much of long commands to print.
        !           140: .TP 5
        !           141: .B x
        !           142: asks even about processes with no terminal.
        !           143: .TP
        !           144: .B U
        !           145: causes ps to update a private database where it keeps system
        !           146: information.  Thus ``ps U'' should be included in the /etc/rc file.
        !           147: .TP 5
        !           148: .B #
        !           149: A process number may be given,
        !           150: (indicated here by #),
        !           151: in which case the output
        !           152: is restricted to that process.
        !           153: This option must also be last.
        !           154: .PP
        !           155: A second argument is taken 
        !           156: to be the file containing the system's
        !           157: namelist.  Otherwise, /vmunix is used.
        !           158: A third argument tells
        !           159: .I ps
        !           160: where to look for
        !           161: .I core
        !           162: if the
        !           163: .B k
        !           164: option is given, instead of /vmcore.
        !           165: If a fourth argument is given, it
        !           166: is taken to be the name of a swap file to use instead of
        !           167: the default /dev/drum.
        !           168: .PP
        !           169: Fields which are not common to all output formats:
        !           170: .PD 0
        !           171: .IP USER 10
        !           172: name of the owner of the process
        !           173: .IP %CPU 10
        !           174: cpu utilization of the process; this is a decaying average over up to
        !           175: a minute of previous (real) time.  Since the time base over which this
        !           176: is computed varies (since processes may be very young) it is possible
        !           177: for the sum of all %CPU fields to exceed 100%.
        !           178: .IP NICE 10
        !           179: (or NI) process scheduling increment (see
        !           180: .IR setpriority (2))
        !           181: .IP SIZE 10
        !           182: virtual size of the process (in 1024 byte units)
        !           183: .IP RSS 10
        !           184: real memory (resident set) size of the process (in 1024 byte units)
        !           185: .IP LIM 10
        !           186: soft limit on memory used, specified via a call to
        !           187: .IR setrlimit (2);
        !           188: if no limit has been specified then shown as \fIxx\fR
        !           189: .IP TSIZ 10
        !           190: size of text (shared program) image
        !           191: .IP TRS 10
        !           192: size of resident (real memory) set of text
        !           193: .IP %MEM 10
        !           194: percentage of real memory used by this process.
        !           195: .IP RE 10
        !           196: residency time of the process (seconds in core)
        !           197: .IP SL 10
        !           198: sleep time of the process (seconds blocked)
        !           199: .IP PAGEIN 10
        !           200: number of disk i/o's resulting from references by the process
        !           201: to pages not loaded in core.
        !           202: .IP UID 10
        !           203: numerical user-id of process owner
        !           204: .IP PPID 10
        !           205: numerical id of parent of process
        !           206: .IP CP 10
        !           207: short-term cpu utilization factor (used in scheduling)
        !           208: .IP PRI 10
        !           209: process priority (non-positive when in non-interruptible wait)
        !           210: .IP ADDR 10
        !           211: swap address of the process
        !           212: .IP WCHAN 10
        !           213: event on which process is waiting (an address in the system).
        !           214: A symbol is chosen that classifies the address, unless numerical
        !           215: output is requested (see the 
        !           216: .B n
        !           217: flag).
        !           218: In this case, the initial part of the address is
        !           219: trimmed off and is printed hexadecimally, e.g., 0x80004000 prints as 4000.
        !           220: .sp
        !           221: .IP F 10
        !           222: flags associated with process as in
        !           223: .RI < sys/proc.h >:
        !           224: .br
        !           225: .PP
        !           226: .sp
        !           227: .nf
        !           228: .ta 6n 18n 26n
        !           229:        SLOAD   000001  in core
        !           230:        SSYS    000002  swapper or pager process
        !           231:        SLOCK   000004  process being swapped out
        !           232:        SSWAP   000008  save area flag
        !           233:        STRC    000010  process is being traced
        !           234:        SWTED   000020  another tracing flag
        !           235:        SULOCK  000040  user settable lock in core
        !           236:        SPAGE   000080  process in page wait state
        !           237:        SKEEP   000100  another flag to prevent swap out
        !           238:        SDLYU   000200  delayed unlock of pages
        !           239:        SWEXIT  000400  working on exiting
        !           240:        SPHYSIO 000800  doing physical i/o (bio.c)
        !           241:        SVFORK  001000  process resulted from vfork()
        !           242:        SVFDONE 002000  another vfork flag
        !           243:        SNOVM   004000  no vm, parent in a vfork()
        !           244:        SPAGI   008000  init data space on demand from inode
        !           245:        SANOM   010000  system detected anomalous vm behavior
        !           246:        SUANOM  020000  user warned of anomalous vm behavior
        !           247:        STIMO   040000  timing out during sleep
        !           248:        SDETACH 080000  detached inherited by init
        !           249:        SOUSIG  100000  using old signal mechanism
        !           250: .fi
        !           251: .PD
        !           252: .PP
        !           253: A process that has exited and has a parent that has not
        !           254: yet waited for the process is marked <defunct>; a process
        !           255: which is blocked trying to exit is marked <exiting>;
        !           256: .I Ps
        !           257: makes an educated guess as to the file name
        !           258: and arguments given when the process was created
        !           259: by examining memory or the swap area.
        !           260: The method is inherently somewhat unreliable and in any event
        !           261: a process is entitled to destroy this information,
        !           262: so the names cannot be counted on too much.
        !           263: .SH FILES
        !           264: .ta \w'/etc/psdatabase 'u
        !           265: /vmunix        system namelist
        !           266: .br
        !           267: /dev/kmem      kernel memory
        !           268: .br
        !           269: /dev/drum      swap device
        !           270: .br
        !           271: /vmcore        core file
        !           272: .br
        !           273: /dev   searched to find swap device and tty names
        !           274: .br
        !           275: /etc/psdatabase        system namelist, device, and wait channel information
        !           276: .SH "SEE ALSO"
        !           277: kill(1), w(1)
        !           278: .SH BUGS
        !           279: Things can change while
        !           280: .I ps
        !           281: is running; the picture it gives is only a close
        !           282: approximation to reality.

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