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1.1 root 1: .\" @(#)sed.1 6.2 (Berkeley) 9/30/87
2: .\"
3: .TH SED 1 "September 30, 1987"
4: .AT 3
5: .SH NAME
6: sed \- stream editor
7: .SH SYNOPSIS
8: .B sed
9: [
10: .B \-n
11: ]
12: [
13: .B \-e
14: script ] [
15: .B \-f
16: sfile ] [ file ] ...
17: .SH DESCRIPTION
18: .I Sed
19: copies the named
20: .I files
21: (standard input default) to the standard output,
22: edited according to a script of commands.
23: The
24: .B \-f
25: option causes the script to be taken from file
26: .IR sfile ;
27: these options accumulate.
28: If there is just one
29: .B \-e
30: option and no
31: .BR \-f 's,
32: the flag
33: .B \-e
34: may be omitted.
35: The
36: .B \-n
37: option suppresses the default output.
38: .PP
39: A script consists of editing commands, one per line,
40: of the following form:
41: .IP
42: [address [, address] ] function [arguments]
43: .PP
44: In normal operation
45: .I sed
46: cyclically copies a line of input into a
47: .I pattern space
48: (unless there is something left after
49: a `D' command),
50: applies in sequence
51: all commands whose
52: .I addresses
53: select that pattern space,
54: and at the end of the script copies the pattern space
55: to the standard output (except under
56: .BR \-n )
57: and deletes the pattern space.
58: .PP
59: An
60: .I address
61: is either a decimal number that counts
62: input lines cumulatively across files, a `$' that
63: addresses the last line of input, or a context address,
64: `/regular expression/', in the style of
65: .IR ed (1)
66: modified thus:
67: .IP
68: The escape sequence `\en' matches a
69: newline embedded in the pattern space.
70: .PP
71: A command line with no addresses selects every pattern space.
72: .PP
73: A command line with
74: one address selects each pattern space that matches the address.
75: .PP
76: A command line with
77: two addresses selects the inclusive range from the first
78: pattern space that matches the first address through
79: the next pattern space that matches
80: the second.
81: (If the second address is a number less than or equal
82: to the line number first selected, only one
83: line is selected.)
84: Thereafter the process is repeated, looking again for the
85: first address.
86: .PP
87: Editing commands can be applied only to non-selected pattern
88: spaces by use of the negation function `!' (below).
89: .PP
90: In the following list of functions the
91: maximum number of permissible addresses
92: for each function is indicated in parentheses.
93: .PP
94: An argument denoted
95: .I text
96: consists of one or more lines,
97: all but the last of which end with `\e' to hide the
98: newline.
99: Backslashes in text are treated like backslashes
100: in the replacement string of an `s' command,
101: and may be used to protect initial blanks and tabs
102: against the stripping that is done on
103: every script line.
104: .PP
105: An argument denoted
106: .I rfile
107: or
108: .I wfile
109: must terminate the command
110: line and must be preceded by exactly one blank.
111: Each
112: .I wfile
113: is created before processing begins.
114: There can be at most 10 distinct
115: .I wfile
116: arguments.
117: .TP
118: (1)\|a\e
119: .br
120: .ns
121: .TP
122: .I text
123: .br
124: Append.
125: Place
126: .I text
127: on the output before
128: reading the next input line.
129: .TP
130: .RI (2)\|b " label"
131: Branch to the `:' command bearing the
132: .IR label .
133: If
134: .I label
135: is empty, branch to the end of the script.
136: .TP
137: (2)\|c\e
138: .br
139: .ns
140: .TP
141: .I text
142: .br
143: Change.
144: Delete the pattern space.
145: With 0 or 1 address or at the end of a 2-address range, place
146: .I text
147: on the output.
148: Start the next cycle.
149: .TP
150: (2)\|d
151: Delete the pattern space.
152: Start the next cycle.
153: .TP
154: (2)\|D
155: Delete the initial segment of the
156: pattern space through the first newline.
157: Start the next cycle.
158: .TP
159: (2)\|g
160: Replace the contents of the pattern space
161: by the contents of the hold space.
162: .TP
163: (2)\|G
164: Append the contents of the hold space to the pattern space.
165: .TP
166: (2)\|h
167: Replace the contents of the hold space by the contents of the pattern space.
168: .TP
169: (2)\|H
170: Append the contents of the pattern space to the hold space.
171: .TP
172: (1)\|i\e
173: .br
174: .ns
175: .TP
176: .I text
177: .br
178: Insert.
179: Place
180: .I text
181: on the standard output.
182: .TP
183: (2)\|n
184: Copy the pattern space to the standard output.
185: Replace the pattern space with the next line of input.
186: .TP
187: (2)\|N
188: Append the next line of input to the pattern space
189: with an embedded newline.
190: (The current line number changes.)
191: .TP
192: (2)\|p
193: Print.
194: Copy the pattern space to the standard output.
195: .TP
196: (2)\|P
197: Copy the initial segment of the pattern space through
198: the first newline to the standard output.
199: .TP
200: (1)\|q
201: Quit.
202: Branch to the end of the script.
203: Do not start a new cycle.
204: .TP
205: .RI (2)\|r " rfile"
206: Read the contents of
207: .IR rfile .
208: Place them on the output before reading
209: the next input line.
210: .TP
211: .RI (2)\|s /regular\ expression/replacement/flags
212: Substitute the
213: .I replacement
214: string for instances of the
215: .I regular expression
216: in the pattern space.
217: Any character may be used instead of `/'.
218: For a fuller description see
219: .IR ed (1).
220: .I Flags
221: is zero or more of
222: .RS
223: .TP
224: g
225: Global.
226: Substitute for all nonoverlapping instances of the
227: .I regular expression
228: rather than just the
229: first one.
230: .TP
231: p
232: Print the pattern space if a replacement was made.
233: .TP
234: .RI w " wfile"
235: Write.
236: Append the pattern space to
237: .I wfile
238: if a replacement
239: was made.
240: .RE
241: .TP
242: .RI (2)\|t " label"
243: Test.
244: Branch to the `:' command bearing the
245: .I label
246: if any
247: substitutions have been made since the most recent
248: reading of an input line or execution of a `t'.
249: If
250: .I label
251: is empty, branch to the end of the script.
252: .TP
253: .RI (2)\|w " wfile"
254: Write.
255: Append the pattern space to
256: .IR wfile .
257: .TP
258: .RI (2)\|x
259: Exchange the contents of the pattern and hold spaces.
260: .TP
261: .RI (2)\|y /string1/string2/
262: Transform.
263: Replace all occurrences of characters in
264: .I string1
265: with the corresponding character in
266: .I string2.
267: The lengths of
268: .I
269: string1
270: and
271: .I string2
272: must be equal.
273: .TP
274: .RI (2)! " function"
275: Don't.
276: Apply the
277: .I function
278: (or group, if
279: .I function
280: is `{') only to lines
281: .I not
282: selected by the address(es).
283: .TP
284: .RI (0)\|: " label"
285: This command does nothing; it bears a
286: .I label
287: for `b' and `t' commands to branch to.
288: .TP
289: (1)\|=
290: Place the current line number on the standard output as a line.
291: .TP
292: (2)\|{
293: Execute the following commands through a matching `}'
294: only when the pattern space is selected.
295: .TP
296: (0)\|
297: An empty command is ignored.
298: .TP
299: (0)\|#
300: If a \fI#\fP appears as the first character on a line of a script,
301: then that entire line is treated as a comment, with one exception.
302: If the first line of the script starts with the characters ``\fI#\fPn'',
303: then the default output will be suppressed. The rest of the line after
304: ``\fI#\fPn'' will also be ignored. A script file must contain at least one
305: non-comment line.
306: .SH SEE ALSO
307: ed(1), grep(1), awk(1), lex(1)
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