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1.1     ! root        1: .\" Copyright (c) 1985 Regents of the University of California.
        !             2: .\" All rights reserved.  The Berkeley software License Agreement
        !             3: .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
        !             4: .\"
        !             5: .\"    @(#)systat.1    6.6 (Berkeley) 10/3/87
        !             6: .\"
        !             7: .TH SYSTAT 1 "October 3, 1987"
        !             8: .UC 6
        !             9: .SH NAME
        !            10: systat \- display system statistics on a crt
        !            11: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !            12: .B systat
        !            13: [
        !            14: .RI \- display
        !            15: ] [
        !            16: refresh-interval
        !            17: ]
        !            18: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            19: .B Systat
        !            20: displays various system statistics in a screen oriented fashion
        !            21: using the curses screen display library, 
        !            22: .IR curses (3X).
        !            23: .PP
        !            24: While
        !            25: .I systat
        !            26: is running the screen is usually divided into two windows (an exception
        !            27: is the vmstat display which uses the entire screen).  The
        !            28: upper window depicts the current system load average.  The
        !            29: information displayed in the lower window may vary, depending on
        !            30: user commands.  The last line on the screen is reserved for user
        !            31: input and error messages.
        !            32: .PP
        !            33: By default
        !            34: .I systat
        !            35: displays the processes getting the largest percentage of the processor
        !            36: in the lower window.  Other displays show swap space usage, disk i/o
        !            37: statistics (a la
        !            38: .IR iostat (1)),
        !            39: virtual memory statistics (a la
        !            40: .IR vmstat (1)),
        !            41: network ``mbuf'' utilization, and network connections (a la
        !            42: .IR netstat (1)).
        !            43: .PP
        !            44: Input is interpreted at two different levels. 
        !            45: A ``global'' command interpreter processes all keyboard input.
        !            46: If this command interpreter fails to recognize a command, the
        !            47: input line is passed to a per-display command interpreter.  This
        !            48: allows each display to have certain display-specific commands.
        !            49: .PP
        !            50: Certain characters cause immediate action by 
        !            51: .IR systat .
        !            52: These are
        !            53: .IP ^L
        !            54: Refresh the screen.
        !            55: .IP ^G
        !            56: Print the name of the current ``display'' being shown in
        !            57: the lower window and the refresh interval.
        !            58: .IP ^Z
        !            59: Stop 
        !            60: .IR systat .
        !            61: .IP :
        !            62: Move the cursor to the command line and interpret the input
        !            63: line typed as a command.  While entering a command the
        !            64: current character erase, word erase, and line kill characters
        !            65: may be used.
        !            66: .PP
        !            67: The following commands are interpreted by the ``global''
        !            68: command interpreter.
        !            69: .IP help
        !            70: .br
        !            71: Print the names of the available displays on the command line.
        !            72: .IP load
        !            73: .br
        !            74: Print the load average over the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes
        !            75: on the command line.
        !            76: .IP stop
        !            77: .br
        !            78: Stop refreshing the screen.
        !            79: .IP "[ start ] [ number ]"
        !            80: .br
        !            81: Start (continue) refreshing the screen.  If a second, numeric,
        !            82: argument is provided it is interpreted as a refresh interval
        !            83: (in seconds).
        !            84: Supplying only a number will set the refresh interval to this
        !            85: value.
        !            86: .IP "quit"
        !            87: .br
        !            88: Exit 
        !            89: .IR systat .
        !            90: (This may be abbreviated to
        !            91: .IR q .)
        !            92: .PP
        !            93: The available displays are:
        !            94: .IP pigs
        !            95: .br
        !            96: Display, in the lower window, those processes resident in main
        !            97: memory and getting the
        !            98: largest portion of the processor (the default display). 
        !            99: When less than 100% of the
        !           100: processor is scheduled to user processes, the remaining time
        !           101: is accounted to the ``idle'' process.
        !           102: .IP iostat
        !           103: .br
        !           104: Display, in the lower window, statistics about processor use
        !           105: and disk throughput.  Statistics on processor use appear as
        !           106: bar graphs of the amount of time executing in user mode (``user''),
        !           107: in user mode running low priority processes (``nice''), in 
        !           108: system mode (``system''), and idle (``idle'').  Statistics
        !           109: on disk throughput show, for each drive, kilobytes of data transferred,
        !           110: number of disk transactions performed, and average seek time
        !           111: (in milliseconds).  This information may be displayed as
        !           112: bar graphs or as rows of numbers which scroll downward.  Bar
        !           113: graphs are shown by default; commands specific to this display  
        !           114: are discussed below.
        !           115: .IP swap
        !           116: .br
        !           117: Display, in the lower window, swap space in use on each swap
        !           118: device configured.  Two sets of bar graphs are shown.  The
        !           119: upper graph displays swap space allocated to pure text segments
        !           120: (code), the lower graph displays space allocated to stack and
        !           121: data segments.  Allocated space is sorted by its size into buckets
        !           122: of size dmmin, dmmin*2, dmmin*4, up to dmmax (to reflect allocation
        !           123: policies imposed by the system).  The disk segment size, in sectors,
        !           124: is displayed along the left hand side of the text,
        !           125: and data and stack graphs.
        !           126: Space allocated to the user structure and page
        !           127: tables is not currently accounted for.
        !           128: .IP mbufs
        !           129: .br
        !           130: Display, in the lower window, the number of mbufs allocated
        !           131: for particular uses, i.e. data, socket structures, etc.
        !           132: .IP vmstat
        !           133: .br
        !           134: Take over the entire display and show a (rather crowded) compendium
        !           135: of statistics related to virtual memory usage, process scheduling,
        !           136: device interrupts, system name translation cacheing, disk i/o, etc.
        !           137: .IP
        !           138: The upper left quadrant of the screen shows the number
        !           139: of users logged in and the load average over the last one, five,
        !           140: and fifteen minute intervals.
        !           141: Below this line are statistics on memory utilization.
        !           142: The first row of the table reports memory usage only among
        !           143: active processes, that is processes that have run in the previous 
        !           144: twenty seconds.
        !           145: The second row reports on memory usage of all processes.
        !           146: The first column reports on the number of physical pages
        !           147: claimed by processes.
        !           148: The second column reports the number of physical pages that
        !           149: are devoted to read only text pages.
        !           150: The third and fourth columns report the same two figures for
        !           151: virtual pages, that is the number of pages that would be
        !           152: needed if all processes had all of their pages.
        !           153: Finally the last column shows the number of physical pages
        !           154: on the free list.
        !           155: .IP
        !           156: Below the memory display is the disk usage display.
        !           157: It reports the number of seeks, transfers, and number
        !           158: of kilobyte blocks transferred per second averaged over the
        !           159: refresh period of the display (by default, five seconds).
        !           160: For some disks it also reports the average milliseconds per seek.
        !           161: Note that the system only keeps statistics on at most four disks.
        !           162: .IP
        !           163: Below the disk display is a list of the
        !           164: average number of processes (over the last refresh interval)
        !           165: that are runnable (`r'), in page wait (`p'),
        !           166: in disk wait other than paging (`d'),
        !           167: sleeping (`s'), and swapped out but desiring to run (`w').
        !           168: Below the queue length listing is a numerical listing and
        !           169: a bar graph showing the amount of
        !           170: system (shown as `='), user (shown as `>'),
        !           171: nice (shown as `-'), and idle time (shown as ` ').
        !           172: .IP
        !           173: At the bottom left are statistics on name translations.
        !           174: It lists the number of names translated in the previous interval,
        !           175: the number and percentage of the translations that were
        !           176: handled by the system wide name translation cache, and
        !           177: the number and percentage of the translations that were
        !           178: handled by the per process name translation cache.
        !           179: .IP
        !           180: Under the date in the upper right hand quadrant are statistics
        !           181: on paging and swapping activity.
        !           182: The first two columns report the average number of pages
        !           183: brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
        !           184: due to page faults and the paging daemon.
        !           185: The third and fourth columns report the average number of pages
        !           186: brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
        !           187: due to swap requests initiated by the scheduler.
        !           188: The first row of the display shows the average
        !           189: number of disk transfers per second over the last refresh interval;
        !           190: the second row of the display shows the average
        !           191: number of pages transferred per second over the last refresh interval.
        !           192: .IP
        !           193: Below the paging statistics is a line listing the average number of
        !           194: total reclaims ('Rec'),
        !           195: intransit blocking page faults (`It'),
        !           196: swap text pages found in free list (`F/S'),
        !           197: file system text pages found in free list (`F/F'),
        !           198: reclaims from free list (`RFL'),
        !           199: pages freed by the clock daemon (`Fre'),
        !           200: and sequential process pages freed (`SFr') 
        !           201: per second over the refresh interval.
        !           202: .IP
        !           203: Below this line are statistics on the average number of
        !           204: zero filled pages (`zf') and demand filled text pages (`xf')
        !           205: per second over the refresh period.
        !           206: The first row indicates the number of requests that were
        !           207: resolved, the second row shows the number that were set up,
        !           208: and the last row shows the percentage of setup requests were
        !           209: actually used.
        !           210: Note that this percentage is usually less than 100%,
        !           211: however it may exceed 100% if a large number of requests
        !           212: are actually used long after they were set up during a
        !           213: period when no new pages are being set up. 
        !           214: Thus this figure is most interesting when observed over
        !           215: a long time period, such as from boot time
        !           216: (see below on getting such a display).
        !           217: .IP
        !           218: Below the page fill statistics is a column that
        !           219: lists the average number of context switches (`Csw'),
        !           220: traps (`Trp'; includes page faults), system calls (`Sys'), interrupts (`Int'),
        !           221: characters output to DZ ports using pseudo-DMA (`Pdm'),
        !           222: network software interrupts (`Sof'),
        !           223: page faults (`Flt'), pages scanned by the page daemon (`Scn'),
        !           224: and revolutions of the page daemon's hand (`Rev')
        !           225: per second over the refresh interval.
        !           226: .IP
        !           227: Running down the right hand side of the display is a breakdown
        !           228: of the interrupts being handled by the system.
        !           229: At the top of the list is the total interrupts per second
        !           230: over the time interval.
        !           231: The rest of the column breaks down the total on a device
        !           232: by device basis. 
        !           233: Only devices that have interrupted at least once since boot time are shown.
        !           234: .IP netstat
        !           235: .br
        !           236: Display, in the lower window, network connections.  By default,
        !           237: network servers awaiting requests are not displayed.  Each address
        !           238: is displayed in the format ``host.port'', with each shown symbolically,
        !           239: when possible.  It is possible to have addresses displayed numerically,
        !           240: limit the display to a set of ports, hosts, and/or protocols; see the
        !           241: list of commands below.
        !           242: .PP
        !           243: Commands to switch between displays may be abbreviated to the
        !           244: minimum unambiguous prefix; for example, ``io'' for ``iostat''.
        !           245: Certain information may be discarded when the screen size is
        !           246: insufficient for display.  For example, on a machine with 10
        !           247: drives the 
        !           248: .I iostat
        !           249: bar graph displays only 3 drives on a 24 line terminal.  When
        !           250: a bar graph would overflow the allotted screen space it is
        !           251: truncated and the actual value is printed ``over top'' of the bar.
        !           252: .PP
        !           253: The following commands are specific to the 
        !           254: .I iostat
        !           255: display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
        !           256: .IP numbers
        !           257: Show the disk i/o statistics in numeric form.  Values are
        !           258: displayed in numeric columns which scroll downward.
        !           259: .IP bars
        !           260: Show the disk i/o statistics in bar graph form (default).
        !           261: .IP msps
        !           262: Toggle the display of average seek time (the default is to
        !           263: not display seek times).
        !           264: .PP
        !           265: The following commands are specific to the
        !           266: .I vmstat
        !           267: display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
        !           268: .IP boot
        !           269: Display cumulative statistics since the system was booted.
        !           270: .IP run
        !           271: Display statistics as a running total from the point this
        !           272: command is given.
        !           273: .IP time
        !           274: Display statistics averaged over the refresh interval (the default).
        !           275: .IP zero
        !           276: Reset running statistics to zero.
        !           277: .PP
        !           278: The following commands are common to each display which shows
        !           279: information about disk drives.  These commands are used to
        !           280: select a set of drives to report on, should your system have
        !           281: more drives configured than can normally be displayed on the
        !           282: screen.
        !           283: .IP "ignore [ drives ]"
        !           284: Do not display information about the drives indicated.  Multiple
        !           285: drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
        !           286: .IP "display [ drives ]"
        !           287: Display information about the drives indicated.  Multiple drives
        !           288: may be specified, separated by spaces.
        !           289: .PP
        !           290: The following command is specific to the
        !           291: .I netstat
        !           292: display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
        !           293: .IP all
        !           294: Toggle the displaying of server processes awaiting requests (this
        !           295: is the equivalent of the 
        !           296: .B \-a
        !           297: flag to
        !           298: .IR netstat (1)).
        !           299: .IP numbers
        !           300: Display network addresses numerically.
        !           301: .IP names
        !           302: Display network addresses symbolically.
        !           303: .PP
        !           304: The remaining commands are common to displays which report
        !           305: network connections (currently only the
        !           306: .I netstat
        !           307: display).   These commands may be used to select a specific set
        !           308: of connections for
        !           309: .I systat
        !           310: to report on.
        !           311: .IP "\fIprotocol\fP"
        !           312: Display only network connections using the indicated protocol
        !           313: (currently either ``tcp'' or ``udp'').
        !           314: .IP "ignore [items]"
        !           315: Do not display information about connections associated with
        !           316: the specified hosts or ports.  Hosts and ports may be specified
        !           317: by name (``ucbmonet'', ``ftp''), or numerically.  Host addresses
        !           318: use the Internet dot notation (``128.32.0.9'').  Multiple items
        !           319: may be specified with a single command by separating them with
        !           320: spaces.
        !           321: .IP "display [items]"
        !           322: Display information about the connections associated with the
        !           323: specified hosts or ports.  As for 
        !           324: .IR ignore ,
        !           325: .I items
        !           326: may be names or numbers.
        !           327: .IP "show [ports|hosts]"
        !           328: Show, on the command line, the currently selected protocols,
        !           329: hosts, and ports.  Hosts and ports which are being ignored
        !           330: are prefixed with a `!'.  If
        !           331: .I ports
        !           332: or
        !           333: .I hosts
        !           334: is supplied as an argument to 
        !           335: .IR show ,
        !           336: then only the requested information will be displayed.
        !           337: .IP "reset"
        !           338: Reset the port, host, and protocol matching mechanisms to the default
        !           339: (any protocol, port, or host).
        !           340: .SH FILES
        !           341: .nf
        !           342: .ta \w'/dev/services   'u
        !           343: /vmunix        for the namelist
        !           344: /dev/kmem      for information in main memory
        !           345: /dev/drum      for information about swapped out processes
        !           346: /etc/hosts     for host names
        !           347: /etc/networks  for network names
        !           348: /etc/services  for port names
        !           349: .SH AUTHOR
        !           350: The unknown hacker.  The 
        !           351: .I pigs
        !           352: display is derived from a program of the same name
        !           353: written by Bill Reeves.
        !           354: .SH BUGS
        !           355: Takes 2-10 percent of the cpu.  Certain displays presume
        !           356: a 24 line by 80 character terminal.  The swap space display
        !           357: should account for space allocated to the user structure and
        !           358: page tables.  The
        !           359: .I vmstat
        !           360: display looks out of place because it is (it was added in as
        !           361: a separate display rather than create a new program).
        !           362: .PP
        !           363: The whole
        !           364: thing is pretty hokey and was included in the distribution under
        !           365: serious duress.

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