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1.1 root 1: .\" Copyright (c) 1985 Regents of the University of California.
2: .\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement
3: .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
4: .\"
5: .\" @(#)systat.1 6.6 (Berkeley) 10/3/87
6: .\"
7: .TH SYSTAT 1 "October 3, 1987"
8: .UC 6
9: .SH NAME
10: systat \- display system statistics on a crt
11: .SH SYNOPSIS
12: .B systat
13: [
14: .RI \- display
15: ] [
16: refresh-interval
17: ]
18: .SH DESCRIPTION
19: .B Systat
20: displays various system statistics in a screen oriented fashion
21: using the curses screen display library,
22: .IR curses (3X).
23: .PP
24: While
25: .I systat
26: is running the screen is usually divided into two windows (an exception
27: is the vmstat display which uses the entire screen). The
28: upper window depicts the current system load average. The
29: information displayed in the lower window may vary, depending on
30: user commands. The last line on the screen is reserved for user
31: input and error messages.
32: .PP
33: By default
34: .I systat
35: displays the processes getting the largest percentage of the processor
36: in the lower window. Other displays show swap space usage, disk i/o
37: statistics (a la
38: .IR iostat (1)),
39: virtual memory statistics (a la
40: .IR vmstat (1)),
41: network ``mbuf'' utilization, and network connections (a la
42: .IR netstat (1)).
43: .PP
44: Input is interpreted at two different levels.
45: A ``global'' command interpreter processes all keyboard input.
46: If this command interpreter fails to recognize a command, the
47: input line is passed to a per-display command interpreter. This
48: allows each display to have certain display-specific commands.
49: .PP
50: Certain characters cause immediate action by
51: .IR systat .
52: These are
53: .IP ^L
54: Refresh the screen.
55: .IP ^G
56: Print the name of the current ``display'' being shown in
57: the lower window and the refresh interval.
58: .IP ^Z
59: Stop
60: .IR systat .
61: .IP :
62: Move the cursor to the command line and interpret the input
63: line typed as a command. While entering a command the
64: current character erase, word erase, and line kill characters
65: may be used.
66: .PP
67: The following commands are interpreted by the ``global''
68: command interpreter.
69: .IP help
70: .br
71: Print the names of the available displays on the command line.
72: .IP load
73: .br
74: Print the load average over the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes
75: on the command line.
76: .IP stop
77: .br
78: Stop refreshing the screen.
79: .IP "[ start ] [ number ]"
80: .br
81: Start (continue) refreshing the screen. If a second, numeric,
82: argument is provided it is interpreted as a refresh interval
83: (in seconds).
84: Supplying only a number will set the refresh interval to this
85: value.
86: .IP "quit"
87: .br
88: Exit
89: .IR systat .
90: (This may be abbreviated to
91: .IR q .)
92: .PP
93: The available displays are:
94: .IP pigs
95: .br
96: Display, in the lower window, those processes resident in main
97: memory and getting the
98: largest portion of the processor (the default display).
99: When less than 100% of the
100: processor is scheduled to user processes, the remaining time
101: is accounted to the ``idle'' process.
102: .IP iostat
103: .br
104: Display, in the lower window, statistics about processor use
105: and disk throughput. Statistics on processor use appear as
106: bar graphs of the amount of time executing in user mode (``user''),
107: in user mode running low priority processes (``nice''), in
108: system mode (``system''), and idle (``idle''). Statistics
109: on disk throughput show, for each drive, kilobytes of data transferred,
110: number of disk transactions performed, and average seek time
111: (in milliseconds). This information may be displayed as
112: bar graphs or as rows of numbers which scroll downward. Bar
113: graphs are shown by default; commands specific to this display
114: are discussed below.
115: .IP swap
116: .br
117: Display, in the lower window, swap space in use on each swap
118: device configured. Two sets of bar graphs are shown. The
119: upper graph displays swap space allocated to pure text segments
120: (code), the lower graph displays space allocated to stack and
121: data segments. Allocated space is sorted by its size into buckets
122: of size dmmin, dmmin*2, dmmin*4, up to dmmax (to reflect allocation
123: policies imposed by the system). The disk segment size, in sectors,
124: is displayed along the left hand side of the text,
125: and data and stack graphs.
126: Space allocated to the user structure and page
127: tables is not currently accounted for.
128: .IP mbufs
129: .br
130: Display, in the lower window, the number of mbufs allocated
131: for particular uses, i.e. data, socket structures, etc.
132: .IP vmstat
133: .br
134: Take over the entire display and show a (rather crowded) compendium
135: of statistics related to virtual memory usage, process scheduling,
136: device interrupts, system name translation cacheing, disk i/o, etc.
137: .IP
138: The upper left quadrant of the screen shows the number
139: of users logged in and the load average over the last one, five,
140: and fifteen minute intervals.
141: Below this line are statistics on memory utilization.
142: The first row of the table reports memory usage only among
143: active processes, that is processes that have run in the previous
144: twenty seconds.
145: The second row reports on memory usage of all processes.
146: The first column reports on the number of physical pages
147: claimed by processes.
148: The second column reports the number of physical pages that
149: are devoted to read only text pages.
150: The third and fourth columns report the same two figures for
151: virtual pages, that is the number of pages that would be
152: needed if all processes had all of their pages.
153: Finally the last column shows the number of physical pages
154: on the free list.
155: .IP
156: Below the memory display is the disk usage display.
157: It reports the number of seeks, transfers, and number
158: of kilobyte blocks transferred per second averaged over the
159: refresh period of the display (by default, five seconds).
160: For some disks it also reports the average milliseconds per seek.
161: Note that the system only keeps statistics on at most four disks.
162: .IP
163: Below the disk display is a list of the
164: average number of processes (over the last refresh interval)
165: that are runnable (`r'), in page wait (`p'),
166: in disk wait other than paging (`d'),
167: sleeping (`s'), and swapped out but desiring to run (`w').
168: Below the queue length listing is a numerical listing and
169: a bar graph showing the amount of
170: system (shown as `='), user (shown as `>'),
171: nice (shown as `-'), and idle time (shown as ` ').
172: .IP
173: At the bottom left are statistics on name translations.
174: It lists the number of names translated in the previous interval,
175: the number and percentage of the translations that were
176: handled by the system wide name translation cache, and
177: the number and percentage of the translations that were
178: handled by the per process name translation cache.
179: .IP
180: Under the date in the upper right hand quadrant are statistics
181: on paging and swapping activity.
182: The first two columns report the average number of pages
183: brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
184: due to page faults and the paging daemon.
185: The third and fourth columns report the average number of pages
186: brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
187: due to swap requests initiated by the scheduler.
188: The first row of the display shows the average
189: number of disk transfers per second over the last refresh interval;
190: the second row of the display shows the average
191: number of pages transferred per second over the last refresh interval.
192: .IP
193: Below the paging statistics is a line listing the average number of
194: total reclaims ('Rec'),
195: intransit blocking page faults (`It'),
196: swap text pages found in free list (`F/S'),
197: file system text pages found in free list (`F/F'),
198: reclaims from free list (`RFL'),
199: pages freed by the clock daemon (`Fre'),
200: and sequential process pages freed (`SFr')
201: per second over the refresh interval.
202: .IP
203: Below this line are statistics on the average number of
204: zero filled pages (`zf') and demand filled text pages (`xf')
205: per second over the refresh period.
206: The first row indicates the number of requests that were
207: resolved, the second row shows the number that were set up,
208: and the last row shows the percentage of setup requests were
209: actually used.
210: Note that this percentage is usually less than 100%,
211: however it may exceed 100% if a large number of requests
212: are actually used long after they were set up during a
213: period when no new pages are being set up.
214: Thus this figure is most interesting when observed over
215: a long time period, such as from boot time
216: (see below on getting such a display).
217: .IP
218: Below the page fill statistics is a column that
219: lists the average number of context switches (`Csw'),
220: traps (`Trp'; includes page faults), system calls (`Sys'), interrupts (`Int'),
221: characters output to DZ ports using pseudo-DMA (`Pdm'),
222: network software interrupts (`Sof'),
223: page faults (`Flt'), pages scanned by the page daemon (`Scn'),
224: and revolutions of the page daemon's hand (`Rev')
225: per second over the refresh interval.
226: .IP
227: Running down the right hand side of the display is a breakdown
228: of the interrupts being handled by the system.
229: At the top of the list is the total interrupts per second
230: over the time interval.
231: The rest of the column breaks down the total on a device
232: by device basis.
233: Only devices that have interrupted at least once since boot time are shown.
234: .IP netstat
235: .br
236: Display, in the lower window, network connections. By default,
237: network servers awaiting requests are not displayed. Each address
238: is displayed in the format ``host.port'', with each shown symbolically,
239: when possible. It is possible to have addresses displayed numerically,
240: limit the display to a set of ports, hosts, and/or protocols; see the
241: list of commands below.
242: .PP
243: Commands to switch between displays may be abbreviated to the
244: minimum unambiguous prefix; for example, ``io'' for ``iostat''.
245: Certain information may be discarded when the screen size is
246: insufficient for display. For example, on a machine with 10
247: drives the
248: .I iostat
249: bar graph displays only 3 drives on a 24 line terminal. When
250: a bar graph would overflow the allotted screen space it is
251: truncated and the actual value is printed ``over top'' of the bar.
252: .PP
253: The following commands are specific to the
254: .I iostat
255: display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
256: .IP numbers
257: Show the disk i/o statistics in numeric form. Values are
258: displayed in numeric columns which scroll downward.
259: .IP bars
260: Show the disk i/o statistics in bar graph form (default).
261: .IP msps
262: Toggle the display of average seek time (the default is to
263: not display seek times).
264: .PP
265: The following commands are specific to the
266: .I vmstat
267: display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
268: .IP boot
269: Display cumulative statistics since the system was booted.
270: .IP run
271: Display statistics as a running total from the point this
272: command is given.
273: .IP time
274: Display statistics averaged over the refresh interval (the default).
275: .IP zero
276: Reset running statistics to zero.
277: .PP
278: The following commands are common to each display which shows
279: information about disk drives. These commands are used to
280: select a set of drives to report on, should your system have
281: more drives configured than can normally be displayed on the
282: screen.
283: .IP "ignore [ drives ]"
284: Do not display information about the drives indicated. Multiple
285: drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
286: .IP "display [ drives ]"
287: Display information about the drives indicated. Multiple drives
288: may be specified, separated by spaces.
289: .PP
290: The following command is specific to the
291: .I netstat
292: display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
293: .IP all
294: Toggle the displaying of server processes awaiting requests (this
295: is the equivalent of the
296: .B \-a
297: flag to
298: .IR netstat (1)).
299: .IP numbers
300: Display network addresses numerically.
301: .IP names
302: Display network addresses symbolically.
303: .PP
304: The remaining commands are common to displays which report
305: network connections (currently only the
306: .I netstat
307: display). These commands may be used to select a specific set
308: of connections for
309: .I systat
310: to report on.
311: .IP "\fIprotocol\fP"
312: Display only network connections using the indicated protocol
313: (currently either ``tcp'' or ``udp'').
314: .IP "ignore [items]"
315: Do not display information about connections associated with
316: the specified hosts or ports. Hosts and ports may be specified
317: by name (``ucbmonet'', ``ftp''), or numerically. Host addresses
318: use the Internet dot notation (``128.32.0.9''). Multiple items
319: may be specified with a single command by separating them with
320: spaces.
321: .IP "display [items]"
322: Display information about the connections associated with the
323: specified hosts or ports. As for
324: .IR ignore ,
325: .I items
326: may be names or numbers.
327: .IP "show [ports|hosts]"
328: Show, on the command line, the currently selected protocols,
329: hosts, and ports. Hosts and ports which are being ignored
330: are prefixed with a `!'. If
331: .I ports
332: or
333: .I hosts
334: is supplied as an argument to
335: .IR show ,
336: then only the requested information will be displayed.
337: .IP "reset"
338: Reset the port, host, and protocol matching mechanisms to the default
339: (any protocol, port, or host).
340: .SH FILES
341: .nf
342: .ta \w'/dev/services 'u
343: /vmunix for the namelist
344: /dev/kmem for information in main memory
345: /dev/drum for information about swapped out processes
346: /etc/hosts for host names
347: /etc/networks for network names
348: /etc/services for port names
349: .SH AUTHOR
350: The unknown hacker. The
351: .I pigs
352: display is derived from a program of the same name
353: written by Bill Reeves.
354: .SH BUGS
355: Takes 2-10 percent of the cpu. Certain displays presume
356: a 24 line by 80 character terminal. The swap space display
357: should account for space allocated to the user structure and
358: page tables. The
359: .I vmstat
360: display looks out of place because it is (it was added in as
361: a separate display rather than create a new program).
362: .PP
363: The whole
364: thing is pretty hokey and was included in the distribution under
365: serious duress.
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