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1.1 root 1: .\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California.
2: .\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement
3: .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
4: .\"
5: .\" @(#)tset.1 6.2 (Berkeley) 5/5/86
6: .\"
7: .TH TSET 1 "May 5, 1986"
8: .UC 4
9: .SH NAME
10: tset \- terminal dependent initialization
11: .SH SYNOPSIS
12: .B tset
13: [ options ] [
14: .B \-m
15: [ident][test baudrate]:type ] \&... [ type ]
16: .sp 1
17: .B reset
18: [ options ] [
19: .B \-m
20: [ident][test baudrate]:type ] \&... [ type ]
21: .SH DESCRIPTION
22: .I Tset
23: sets up your terminal when you first log in to a UNIX system.
24: It does terminal dependent processing such as setting
25: erase and kill characters, setting or resetting delays,
26: sending any sequences needed to properly initialized the terminal,
27: and the like.
28: It first determines the
29: .I type
30: of terminal involved,
31: and then does necessary initializations and mode settings.
32: The type of terminal attached to each \s-2UNIX\s0 port is specified in the
33: .IR /etc/ttys (5)
34: database.
35: Type names for terminals may be found in the
36: .IR termcap (5)
37: database.
38: If a port is not wired permanently to a specific terminal (not hardwired)
39: it will be given an appropriate generic identifier such as
40: .IR dialup .
41: .PP
42: In the case where no arguments are specified,
43: .I tset
44: simply reads the terminal type out of the environment variable TERM
45: and re-initializes the terminal. The rest of this manual concerns
46: itself with mode and environment initialization,
47: typically done once at login, and options
48: used at initialization time to determine the terminal type and set up
49: terminal modes.
50: .PP
51: When used in a startup script (\fI\&.profile\fR for
52: .IR sh (1)
53: users or
54: .I \&.login
55: for
56: .IR csh (1)
57: users) it is desirable to give information about the type of terminal
58: you will usually use on ports which are not hardwired.
59: These ports are identified in
60: .I /etc/ttys
61: as
62: .I dialup
63: or
64: .I plugboard
65: or
66: .I arpanet,
67: etc.
68: To specify
69: what terminal type you usually use on these ports, the
70: .B \-m
71: (map) option flag is followed by the appropriate port type identifier,
72: an optional baud rate specification,
73: and the terminal type.
74: (The effect is to ``map'' from some conditions to a terminal type,
75: that is, to tell
76: .I tset
77: ``If I'm on this kind of port, guess that I'm on that kind of terminal''.)
78: If more than one mapping is specified, the first applicable mapping prevails.
79: A missing port type identifier matches all identifiers.
80: Any of the alternate generic names given in
81: .I termcap
82: may be used for the identifier.
83: .PP
84: A
85: .I baudrate
86: is specified as with
87: .IR stty (1),
88: and is compared with the
89: speed of the diagnostic output (which should be the control terminal).
90: The baud rate
91: .I test
92: may be any combination of:
93: .BR > ,
94: .BR @ ,
95: .BR < ,
96: and
97: .BR ! ;
98: .B @
99: means ``at''
100: and
101: .B !
102: inverts the sense of the test. To avoid problems with metacharacters, it
103: is best to place the entire argument to
104: .B \-m
105: within ``\''' characters; users of
106: .IR csh (1)
107: must also put a ``\e'' before any ``!'' used here.
108: .PP
109: .KS
110: Thus
111: .IP
112: tset \-m \'dialup>300:adm3a\' -m dialup:dw2 -m \'plugboard:?adm3a\'
113: .KE
114: .LP
115: causes the terminal type to be set to an
116: .I adm3a
117: if the port in use is a dialup at a speed greater than 300 baud;
118: to a
119: .I dw2
120: if the port is (otherwise) a dialup (i.e. at 300 baud or less).
121: (\fBNOTE:\fP the examples given here appear to take up more than
122: one line, for text processing reasons. When you type in real
123: .I tset
124: commands, you must enter them entirely on one line.)
125: If the
126: .I type
127: finally determined by
128: .I tset
129: begins with a question mark,
130: the user is asked if s/he really wants that type.
131: A null response means to use that type;
132: otherwise, another type can be entered which will be used instead.
133: Thus, in the above case, the user will be queried on a plugboard port
134: as to whether they are actually using an
135: .IR adm3a .
136: .PP
137: If no mapping applies and a final
138: .I type
139: option, not preceded by a
140: .BR \-m ,
141: is given on the command line
142: then that type is used;
143: otherwise the type found in the
144: .I /etc/ttys
145: database will be taken to be the terminal type.
146: This should always be the case for hardwired ports.
147: .PP
148: It is usually desirable to return the terminal type, as finally determined by
149: .IR tset ,
150: and information about the terminal's capabilities
151: to a shell's environment. This can be done using the
152: .B \-
153: option; using the Bourne shell,
154: .IR sh (1):
155: .IP
156: export TERM; TERM=\`tset \- \fIoptions...\fR\`
157: .LP
158: or using the C shell,
159: .IR csh (1):
160: .IP
161: setenv TERM \`tset - \fIoptions...\fR\`
162: .PP
163: With
164: .I csh
165: it is preferable to use the following command in your .login file to
166: initialize the TERM and TERMCAP environment variables at the same time.
167: .IP
168: eval \`tset -s \fIoptions...\fR\`
169: .PP
170: It is also convenient to make an alias in your .cshrc:
171: .IP
172: alias tset \'eval \`tset \-s \e!*\`\'
173: .PP
174: This allows the command:
175: .IP
176: tset 2621
177: .PP
178: to be invoked at any time to set the terminal and environment.
179: .B "Note to Bourne Shell users:"
180: It is
181: .B not
182: possible to get this aliasing effect with a shell script,
183: because shell scripts cannot set the environment of their parent.
184: (If a process could set its parent's environment,
185: none of this nonsense would be necessary in the first place.)
186: .PP
187: These commands cause
188: .I tset
189: to place the name of your terminal in the variable
190: TERM in the environment; see
191: .IR environ (7).
192: .PP
193: Once the terminal type is known,
194: .I tset
195: engages in terminal driver mode setting.
196: This normally involves sending an initialization sequence to the
197: terminal, setting the single character erase (and optionally
198: the line-kill (full line erase)) characters,
199: and setting special character delays.
200: Tab and newline expansion are turned off during transmission of
201: the terminal initialization sequence.
202: .PP
203: On terminals that can backspace but not overstrike
204: (such as a \s-2CRT\s0),
205: and when the erase character is the default erase character
206: (`#' on standard systems),
207: the erase character is changed to \s-2BACKSPACE\s0 (Control-H).
208: .PP
209: The options are:
210: .TP
211: .B \-e\fIc
212: set the erase character to be the named character
213: .I c
214: on all terminals,
215: the default being the backspace character on the terminal, usually ^H.
216: The character
217: .I c
218: can either be typed directly, or entered using the hat
219: notation used here.
220: .TP
221: .B \-k\fIc
222: is similar to
223: .B \-e
224: but for the line kill character rather than the erase character;
225: .I c
226: defaults to ^X (for purely historical reasons).
227: The kill characters is left alone if
228: .B \-k
229: is not specified.
230: The hat notation can also be used for this option.
231: .TP
232: .B \-i\fIc
233: is similar to
234: .B \-e
235: but for the interrupt character rather than the erase character;
236: .I c
237: defaults to ^C. The hat notation can also be used for this option.
238: .TP
239: .B \-
240: The name of the terminal finally decided upon is output on the
241: standard output.
242: This is intended to be captured by the shell and placed in the
243: environment variable TERM.
244: .TP
245: .B \-s
246: Print the sequence of
247: .I csh
248: commands to initialize the environment variables TERM and TERMCAP based on
249: the name of the terminal finally decided upon.
250: .TP
251: .B \-n
252: On systems with the Berkeley 4BSD tty driver,
253: specifies that the new tty driver modes should be initialized for this terminal.
254: For a \s-2CRT\s0,
255: the CRTERASE and CRTKILL
256: modes are set only if the baud rate is 1200 or greater.
257: See tty(4) for more detail.
258: .TP
259: .B \-I
260: suppresses transmitting terminal initialization strings.
261: .TP
262: .B \-Q
263: suppresses printing the
264: ``Erase set to'' and ``Kill set to'' messages.
265: .PP
266: If
267: .B tset
268: is invoked as
269: .BR reset ,
270: it will set cooked and echo modes, turn off cbreak and raw modes,
271: turn on newline translation, and restore special characters
272: to a sensible state before any terminal dependent processing is done.
273: Any special character that is found to be \s-2NULL\s0
274: or ``\-1'' is reset to its default value. All arguments to
275: .I tset
276: may be used with reset.
277: .PP
278: This is most useful after a program dies leaving a terminal in a funny
279: state. You may have to type ``\s-2<LF>\s0reset\s-2<LF>\s0'' to get it to work
280: since \s-2<CR>\s0 may not work in this state. Often none of this will echo.
281: .SH EXAMPLES
282: .PP
283: These examples all assume the Bourne shell and use the - option.
284: If you use
285: .IR csh ,
286: use one of the variations described above.
287: Note that a typical use of
288: .I tset
289: in a .profile or .login will also use the
290: .B \-e
291: and
292: .B \-k
293: options, and often the
294: .B \-n
295: or
296: .B \-Q
297: options as well.
298: These options have not been included here to keep the examples small.
299: (\fBNOTE:\fP some of the examples given here appear to take up more than
300: one line, for text processing reasons. When you type in real
301: .I tset
302: commands, you must enter them entirely on one line.)
303: .PP
304: At the moment, you are on a 2621.
305: This is suitable for typing by hand but
306: not for a .profile, unless you are
307: .I always
308: on a 2621.
309: .IP
310: export TERM; TERM=\`tset \- 2621\`
311: .PP
312: You have an h19 at home which you dial up on, but your office terminal
313: is hardwired and known in /etc/ttys.
314: .IP
315: export TERM; TERM=\`tset \- \-m dialup:h19\`
316: .PP
317: You have a switch which connects everything to everything, making
318: it nearly impossible to key on what port you are coming in on.
319: You use a vt100 in your office at 9600 baud, and dial up to switch
320: ports at 1200 baud from home on a 2621.
321: Sometimes you use someone elses terminal at work,
322: so you want it to ask you to make sure what terminal
323: type you have at high speeds, but at 1200 baud you are
324: always on a 2621.
325: Note the placement of the question mark, and the quotes
326: to protect the greater than and question mark from
327: interpretation by the shell.
328: .IP
329: export TERM; TERM=\`tset \- \-m 'switch>1200:?vt100' \-m 'switch<=1200:2621'
330: .PP
331: All of the above entries will fall back on the terminal type
332: specified in
333: .I /etc/ttys
334: if none of the conditions hold.
335: The following entry is appropriate if
336: you always dial up, always at the same baud rate,
337: on many different kinds of terminals.
338: Your most common terminal is an adm3a.
339: It always asks you what kind of terminal you are on,
340: defaulting to adm3a.
341: .IP
342: export TERM; TERM=\`tset \- \?adm3a\`
343: .PP
344: If the file
345: .I /etc/ttys
346: is not properly installed and you want to
347: key entirely on the baud rate, the following can be used:
348: .IP
349: export TERM; TERM=\`tset \- \-m '>1200:vt100' 2621\`
350: .PP
351: Here is a fancy example to illustrate the power of
352: .I tset
353: and to hopelessly confuse anyone who has made it this far.
354: You dial up at 1200 baud or less on a concept100,
355: sometimes over switch ports and sometimes over regular dialups.
356: You use various terminals at speeds higher than 1200 over switch ports,
357: most often the terminal in your office, which is a vt100.
358: However, sometimes you log in from the university you used to go to,
359: over the ARPANET; in this case you are on an ALTO emulating a dm2500.
360: You also often log in on various hardwired ports, such as the console,
361: all of which are properly entered in
362: .IR /etc/ttys .
363: You want your erase character set to control H,
364: your kill character set to control U,
365: and don't want
366: .I tset
367: to print the ``Erase set to Backspace, Kill set to Control U'' message.
368: .IP
369: export TERM; TERM=\`tset \-e \-k^U \-Q \- \-m 'switch<=1200:concept100' \-m 'switch:?vt100' \-m dialup:concept100 \-m arpanet:dm2500\`
370: .SH FILES
371: .DT
372: /etc/ttys port name to terminal type mapping database
373: .br
374: /etc/termcap terminal capability database
375: .SH SEE\ ALSO
376: csh(1), sh(1), stty(1), ttys(5), termcap(5), environ(7)
377: .SH BUGS
378: .PP
379: The
380: .I tset
381: command is one of the first commands a user must master when getting
382: started on a UNIX system.
383: Unfortunately, it is one of the most complex,
384: largely because of the extra effort the user must go through
385: to get the environment of the login shell set.
386: Something needs to be done to make all this simpler,
387: either the
388: .IR login (1)
389: program should do this stuff,
390: or a default shell alias should be made,
391: or a way to set the environment of the parent should exist.
392: .PP
393: This program can't intuit personal choices for erase, interrupt
394: and line kill characters, so it leaves these set to the local system
395: standards.
396: .ig
397: .SH NOTES
398: For compatibility with earlier versions of
399: .I tset
400: a number of flags are accepted whose use is discouraged:
401: .TP 10
402: \fB\-d\fR type
403: equivalent to
404: .B \-m
405: dialup:type
406: .TP 10
407: \fB\-p\fR type
408: equivalent to
409: .B \-m
410: plugboard:type
411: .TP 10
412: \fB\-a\fR type
413: equivalent to
414: .B \-m
415: arpanet:type
416: .TP 10
417: \fB\-E\fR c
418: Sets the erase character to
419: .I c
420: only if the terminal can backspace.
421: .TP 10
422: \fB\-\fR
423: prints the terminal type on the standard output
424: .TP 10
425: \fB\-r\fR
426: prints the terminal type on the diagnostic output.
427: ..
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