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Annotation of 43BSDTahoe/man/man4/inet.4, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .\" Copyright (c) 1983 Regents of the University of California.
        !             2: .\" All rights reserved.  The Berkeley software License Agreement
        !             3: .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
        !             4: .\"
        !             5: .\"    @(#)inet.4f     6.3 (Berkeley) 6/1/86
        !             6: .\"
        !             7: .TH INET 4F "June 1, 1986"
        !             8: .UC 5
        !             9: .SH NAME
        !            10: inet \- Internet protocol family
        !            11: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !            12: .B #include <sys/types.h>
        !            13: .br
        !            14: .B #include <netinet/in.h>
        !            15: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            16: .de _d
        !            17: .if t .ta .6i 2.1i 2.6i
        !            18: .\" 2.94 went to 2.6, 3.64 to 3.30
        !            19: .if n .ta .84i 2.6i 3.30i
        !            20: ..
        !            21: .de _f
        !            22: .if t .ta .5i 1.25i 2.5i
        !            23: .\" 3.5i went to 3.8i
        !            24: .if n .ta .7i 1.75i 3.8i
        !            25: ..
        !            26: The Internet protocol family is a collection of protocols
        !            27: layered atop the
        !            28: .I Internet Protocol
        !            29: (IP) transport layer, and utilizing the Internet address format.
        !            30: The Internet family provides protocol support for the
        !            31: SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, and SOCK_RAW socket types; the
        !            32: SOCK_RAW interface provides access to the IP protocol.
        !            33: .SH ADDRESSING
        !            34: Internet addresses are four byte quantities, stored in
        !            35: network standard format (on the VAX these are word and byte
        !            36: reversed).  The include file
        !            37: .RI < netinet/in.h >
        !            38: defines this address
        !            39: as a discriminated union.
        !            40: .PP
        !            41: Sockets bound to the Internet protocol family utilize
        !            42: the following addressing structure,
        !            43: .sp 1
        !            44: .nf
        !            45: ._f
        !            46: struct sockaddr_in {
        !            47:        short   sin_family;
        !            48:        u_short sin_port;
        !            49:        struct  in_addr sin_addr;
        !            50:        char    sin_zero[8];
        !            51: };
        !            52: .sp 1
        !            53: .fi
        !            54: Sockets may be created with the local address INADDR_ANY
        !            55: to effect \*(lqwildcard\*(rq matching on incoming messages. 
        !            56: The address in a
        !            57: .IR connect (2)
        !            58: or
        !            59: .IR sendto (2)
        !            60: call may be given as INADDR_ANY to mean ``this host.''
        !            61: The distinguished address INADDR_BROADCAST
        !            62: is allowed as a shorthand for the broadcast address on the primary
        !            63: network if the first network configured supports broadcast.
        !            64: .SH PROTOCOLS
        !            65: The Internet protocol family is comprised of
        !            66: the IP transport protocol, Internet Control
        !            67: Message Protocol (ICMP), Transmission Control
        !            68: Protocol (TCP), and User Datagram Protocol (UDP).
        !            69: TCP is used to support the SOCK_STREAM
        !            70: abstraction while UDP is used to support the SOCK_DGRAM
        !            71: abstraction.  A raw interface to IP is available
        !            72: by creating an Internet socket of type SOCK_RAW.
        !            73: The ICMP message protocol is accessible from a raw socket.
        !            74: .PP
        !            75: The 32-bit Internet address contains both network and host parts.
        !            76: It is frequency-encoded; the most-significant bit is clear
        !            77: in Class A addresses, in which the high-order 8 bits are the network
        !            78: number.
        !            79: Class B addresses use the high-order 16 bits as the network field,
        !            80: and Class C addresses have a 24-bit network part.
        !            81: Sites with a cluster of local networks and a connection to the DARPA
        !            82: Internet may chose to use a single network number for the cluster;
        !            83: this is done by using subnet addressing.
        !            84: The local (host) portion of the address is further subdivided
        !            85: into subnet and host parts.
        !            86: Within a subnet, each subnet appears to be an individual network;
        !            87: externally, the entire cluster appears to be a single, uniform
        !            88: network requiring only a single routing entry.
        !            89: Subnet addressing is enabled and examined by the following
        !            90: .IR ioctl (2)
        !            91: commands on a datagram socket in the Internet domain;
        !            92: they have the same form as the
        !            93: SIOCIFADDR command (see
        !            94: .IR intro (4N)).
        !            95: .PP
        !            96: .TP 20
        !            97: SIOCSIFNETMASK
        !            98: Set interface network mask.
        !            99: The network mask defines the network part of the address;
        !           100: if it contains more of the address than the address type would indicate,
        !           101: then subnets are in use.
        !           102: .TP 20
        !           103: SIOCGIFNETMASK
        !           104: Get interface network mask.
        !           105: .SH SEE ALSO
        !           106: ioctl(2), socket(2), intro(4N), tcp(4P), udp(4P), ip(4P), icmp(4P)
        !           107: .PP
        !           108: An Introductory 4.3BSD Interprocess Communication Tutorial (PS1:7).
        !           109: .PP
        !           110: An Advanced 4.3BSD Interprocess Communication Tutorial (PS1:8).
        !           111: .SH CAVEAT
        !           112: The Internet protocol support is subject to change as
        !           113: the Internet protocols develop.  Users should not depend
        !           114: on details of the current implementation, but rather
        !           115: the services exported.

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