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Annotation of 43BSDTahoe/man/man4/ip.4, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .\" Copyright (c) 1983 Regents of the University of California.
        !             2: .\" All rights reserved.  The Berkeley software License Agreement
        !             3: .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
        !             4: .\"
        !             5: .\"    @(#)ip.4p       6.2 (Berkeley) 5/16/86
        !             6: .\"
        !             7: .TH IP 4P "May 16, 1986"
        !             8: .UC 5
        !             9: .SH NAME
        !            10: ip \- Internet Protocol
        !            11: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !            12: .B #include <sys/socket.h>
        !            13: .br
        !            14: .B #include <netinet/in.h>
        !            15: .PP
        !            16: .B s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, proto);
        !            17: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            18: IP is the transport layer protocol used
        !            19: by the Internet protocol family.
        !            20: Options may be set at the IP level
        !            21: when using higher-level protocols that are based on IP
        !            22: (such as TCP and UDP).
        !            23: It may also be accessed
        !            24: through a \*(lqraw socket\*(rq when developing new protocols, or
        !            25: special purpose applications.
        !            26: .PP
        !            27: A single generic option is supported at the IP level, IP_OPTIONS,
        !            28: that may be used to provide IP options to be transmitted in the IP
        !            29: header of each outgoing packet.
        !            30: Options are set with
        !            31: .IR setsockopt (2)
        !            32: and examined with
        !            33: .IR getsockopt (2).
        !            34: The format of IP options to be sent is that specified by the IP protocol
        !            35: specification, with one exception:
        !            36: the list of addresses for Source Route options must include the first-hop
        !            37: gateway at the beginning of the list of gateways.
        !            38: The first-hop gateway address will be extracted from the option list
        !            39: and the size adjusted accordingly before use.
        !            40: IP options may be used with any socket type in the Internet family.
        !            41: .PP
        !            42: Raw IP sockets are connectionless,
        !            43: and are normally used with the
        !            44: .I sendto 
        !            45: and
        !            46: .I recvfrom 
        !            47: calls, though the
        !            48: .IR connect (2)
        !            49: call may also be used to fix the destination for future
        !            50: packets (in which case the 
        !            51: .IR read (2)
        !            52: or
        !            53: .IR recv (2)
        !            54: and 
        !            55: .IR write (2)
        !            56: or
        !            57: .IR send (2)
        !            58: system calls may be used).
        !            59: .PP
        !            60: If
        !            61: .I proto
        !            62: is 0, the default protocol IPPROTO_RAW is used for outgoing
        !            63: packets, and only incoming packets destined for that protocol
        !            64: are received.
        !            65: If
        !            66: .I proto
        !            67: is non-zero, that protocol number will be used on outgoing packets
        !            68: and to filter incoming packets.
        !            69: .PP
        !            70: Outgoing packets automatically have an IP header prepended to
        !            71: them (based on the destination address and the protocol
        !            72: number the socket is created with).
        !            73: Incoming packets are received with IP header and options intact.
        !            74: .SH DIAGNOSTICS
        !            75: A socket operation may fail with one of the following errors returned:
        !            76: .TP 15
        !            77: [EISCONN]
        !            78: when trying to establish a connection on a socket which
        !            79: already has one, or when trying to send a datagram with the destination
        !            80: address specified and the socket is already connected;
        !            81: .TP 15
        !            82: [ENOTCONN]
        !            83: when trying to send a datagram, but
        !            84: no destination address is specified, and the socket hasn't been
        !            85: connected;
        !            86: .TP 15
        !            87: [ENOBUFS]
        !            88: when the system runs out of memory for
        !            89: an internal data structure;
        !            90: .TP 15
        !            91: [EADDRNOTAVAIL]
        !            92: when an attempt is made to create a 
        !            93: socket with a network address for which no network interface
        !            94: exists.
        !            95: .PP
        !            96: The following errors specific to IP
        !            97: may occur when setting or getting IP options:
        !            98: .TP 15
        !            99: [EINVAL]
        !           100: An unknown socket option name was given.
        !           101: .TP 15
        !           102: [EINVAL]
        !           103: The IP option field was improperly formed;
        !           104: an option field was shorter than the minimum value
        !           105: or longer than the option buffer provided.
        !           106: .SH SEE ALSO
        !           107: getsockopt(2), send(2), recv(2), intro(4N), icmp(4P), inet(4F)

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