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Annotation of 43BSDTahoe/man/man4/ip.4, revision 1.1.1.1

1.1       root        1: .\" Copyright (c) 1983 Regents of the University of California.
                      2: .\" All rights reserved.  The Berkeley software License Agreement
                      3: .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
                      4: .\"
                      5: .\"    @(#)ip.4p       6.2 (Berkeley) 5/16/86
                      6: .\"
                      7: .TH IP 4P "May 16, 1986"
                      8: .UC 5
                      9: .SH NAME
                     10: ip \- Internet Protocol
                     11: .SH SYNOPSIS
                     12: .B #include <sys/socket.h>
                     13: .br
                     14: .B #include <netinet/in.h>
                     15: .PP
                     16: .B s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, proto);
                     17: .SH DESCRIPTION
                     18: IP is the transport layer protocol used
                     19: by the Internet protocol family.
                     20: Options may be set at the IP level
                     21: when using higher-level protocols that are based on IP
                     22: (such as TCP and UDP).
                     23: It may also be accessed
                     24: through a \*(lqraw socket\*(rq when developing new protocols, or
                     25: special purpose applications.
                     26: .PP
                     27: A single generic option is supported at the IP level, IP_OPTIONS,
                     28: that may be used to provide IP options to be transmitted in the IP
                     29: header of each outgoing packet.
                     30: Options are set with
                     31: .IR setsockopt (2)
                     32: and examined with
                     33: .IR getsockopt (2).
                     34: The format of IP options to be sent is that specified by the IP protocol
                     35: specification, with one exception:
                     36: the list of addresses for Source Route options must include the first-hop
                     37: gateway at the beginning of the list of gateways.
                     38: The first-hop gateway address will be extracted from the option list
                     39: and the size adjusted accordingly before use.
                     40: IP options may be used with any socket type in the Internet family.
                     41: .PP
                     42: Raw IP sockets are connectionless,
                     43: and are normally used with the
                     44: .I sendto 
                     45: and
                     46: .I recvfrom 
                     47: calls, though the
                     48: .IR connect (2)
                     49: call may also be used to fix the destination for future
                     50: packets (in which case the 
                     51: .IR read (2)
                     52: or
                     53: .IR recv (2)
                     54: and 
                     55: .IR write (2)
                     56: or
                     57: .IR send (2)
                     58: system calls may be used).
                     59: .PP
                     60: If
                     61: .I proto
                     62: is 0, the default protocol IPPROTO_RAW is used for outgoing
                     63: packets, and only incoming packets destined for that protocol
                     64: are received.
                     65: If
                     66: .I proto
                     67: is non-zero, that protocol number will be used on outgoing packets
                     68: and to filter incoming packets.
                     69: .PP
                     70: Outgoing packets automatically have an IP header prepended to
                     71: them (based on the destination address and the protocol
                     72: number the socket is created with).
                     73: Incoming packets are received with IP header and options intact.
                     74: .SH DIAGNOSTICS
                     75: A socket operation may fail with one of the following errors returned:
                     76: .TP 15
                     77: [EISCONN]
                     78: when trying to establish a connection on a socket which
                     79: already has one, or when trying to send a datagram with the destination
                     80: address specified and the socket is already connected;
                     81: .TP 15
                     82: [ENOTCONN]
                     83: when trying to send a datagram, but
                     84: no destination address is specified, and the socket hasn't been
                     85: connected;
                     86: .TP 15
                     87: [ENOBUFS]
                     88: when the system runs out of memory for
                     89: an internal data structure;
                     90: .TP 15
                     91: [EADDRNOTAVAIL]
                     92: when an attempt is made to create a 
                     93: socket with a network address for which no network interface
                     94: exists.
                     95: .PP
                     96: The following errors specific to IP
                     97: may occur when setting or getting IP options:
                     98: .TP 15
                     99: [EINVAL]
                    100: An unknown socket option name was given.
                    101: .TP 15
                    102: [EINVAL]
                    103: The IP option field was improperly formed;
                    104: an option field was shorter than the minimum value
                    105: or longer than the option buffer provided.
                    106: .SH SEE ALSO
                    107: getsockopt(2), send(2), recv(2), intro(4N), icmp(4P), inet(4F)

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