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Annotation of 43BSDTahoe/man/man4/ns.4, revision 1.1.1.1

1.1       root        1: .\" Copyright (c) 1985 Regents of the University of California.
                      2: .\" All rights reserved.  The Berkeley software License Agreement
                      3: .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
                      4: .\"
                      5: .\"    @(#)ns.4f       1.3 (Berkeley) 5/21/86
                      6: .\"
                      7: .TH NS 4F "July 30, 1985"
                      8: .UC 6
                      9: .SH NAME
                     10: ns \- Xerox Network Systems(tm) protocol family
                     11: .SH SYNOPSIS
                     12: \fBoptions NS\fP
                     13: .br
                     14: \fBoptions NSIP\fP
                     15: .br
                     16: \fBpseudo-device ns\fP
                     17: .SH DESCRIPTION
                     18: .IX  "ns device"  ""  "\fLns\fP \(em Xerox NS protocol family"
                     19: The NS protocol family is a collection of protocols
                     20: layered atop the
                     21: .I Internet Datagram Protocol
                     22: (IDP) transport layer, and using the Xerox NS address formats.
                     23: The NS family provides protocol support for the
                     24: SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, SOCK_SEQPACKET, and SOCK_RAW socket types; the
                     25: SOCK_RAW interface is a debugging tool, allowing you to trace all packets
                     26: entering, (or with toggling kernel variable, additionally leaving) the local
                     27: host.
                     28: .SH ADDRESSING
                     29: NS addresses are 12 byte quantities, consisting of a 
                     30: 4 byte Network number, a 6 byte Host number and a 2 byte port number,
                     31: all stored in network standard format.
                     32: (on the VAX these are word and byte reversed; on the Sun they are not
                     33: reversed).  The include file
                     34: .RI < netns/ns.h >
                     35: defines the NS address as a structure containing unions (for quicker
                     36: comparisons).
                     37: .PP
                     38: Sockets in the Internet protocol family use the following
                     39: addressing structure:
                     40: .nf
                     41: 
                     42: struct sockaddr_ns {
                     43:        short           sns_family;
                     44:        struct ns_addr  sns_addr;
                     45:        char            sns_zero[2];
                     46: };
                     47: 
                     48: where an ns_addr is composed as follows:
                     49: 
                     50: union ns_host {
                     51:        u_char          c_host[6];
                     52:        u_short         s_host[3];
                     53: };
                     54: 
                     55: union ns_net {
                     56:        u_char          c_net[4];
                     57:        u_short         s_net[2];
                     58: };
                     59: 
                     60: struct ns_addr {
                     61:        union ns_net    x_net;
                     62:        union ns_host   x_host;
                     63:        u_short x_port;
                     64: };
                     65: 
                     66: .fi
                     67: Sockets may be created with an address of all zeroes to effect
                     68: ``wildcard'' matching on incoming messages.
                     69: The local port address specified in a
                     70: .IR bind (2)
                     71: call is restricted to be greater than NSPORT_RESERVED
                     72: (=3000, in <netns/ns.h>) unless the creating process is running
                     73: as the super-user, providing a space of protected port numbers.
                     74: .SH PROTOCOLS
                     75: The NS protocol family supported by the operating system
                     76: is comprised of
                     77: the Internet Datagram Protocol (IDP)
                     78: .IR idp (4P),
                     79: Error Protocol (available through IDP),
                     80: and
                     81: Sequenced Packet Protocol (SPP)
                     82: .IR spp (4P).
                     83: .LP
                     84: SPP is used to support the SOCK_STREAM and SOCK_SEQPACKET abstraction,
                     85: while IDP is used to support the SOCK_DGRAM abstraction.
                     86: The Error protocol is responded to by the kernel
                     87: to handle and report errors in protocol processing;
                     88: it is, however,
                     89: only accessible to user programs through heroic actions.
                     90: .SH SEE ALSO
                     91: intro(3), byteorder(3N), gethostbyname(3N), getnetent(3N),
                     92: getprotoent(3N), getservent(3N), ns(3N),
                     93: intro(4N), spp(4P), idp(4P), nsip(4)
                     94: .br
                     95: Internet Transport Protocols, Xerox Corporation document XSIS-028112
                     96: .br
                     97: An Advanced 4.3BSD Interprocess Communication Tutorial

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