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1.1 ! root 1: .\" Copyright (c) 1980,1988 Regents of the University of California. ! 2: .\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement ! 3: .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. ! 4: .\" ! 5: .\" @(#)hp.4 6.4 (Berkeley) 6/13/88 ! 6: .\" ! 7: .TH HP 4 "June 13, 1988" ! 8: .UC 4 ! 9: .SH NAME ! 10: hp \- MASSBUS disk interface ! 11: .SH SYNOPSIS ! 12: .B "disk hp0 at mba0 drive 0" ! 13: .SH DESCRIPTION ! 14: Files with minor device numbers 0 through 7 refer to various portions ! 15: of drive 0; ! 16: minor devices 8 through 15 refer to drive 1, etc. ! 17: The standard device names begin with ``hp'' followed by ! 18: the drive number and then a letter a-h for partitions 0-7 respectively. ! 19: The character ? stands here for a drive number in the range 0-7. ! 20: .PP ! 21: The block file's access the disk via the system's normal ! 22: buffering mechanism and may be read and written without regard to ! 23: physical disk records. There is also a `raw' interface ! 24: which provides for direct transmission between the disk ! 25: and the user's read or write buffer. ! 26: A single read or write call results in exactly one I/O operation ! 27: and therefore raw I/O is considerably more efficient when ! 28: many words are transmitted. The names of the raw files ! 29: conventionally begin with an extra `r.' ! 30: .PP ! 31: In raw I/O counts should be a multiple of 512 bytes (a disk sector). ! 32: Likewise ! 33: .I seek ! 34: calls should specify a multiple of 512 bytes. ! 35: .PP ! 36: The first sector of each disk contains both a first-stage bootstrap program ! 37: and a disk label containing geometry information and partition layouts (see ! 38: .IR disklabel (5). ! 39: This sector is normally write-protected, and disk-to-disk copies should ! 40: avoid copying this sector. ! 41: The label may be updated with ! 42: .IR disklabel (8), ! 43: which can also be used to write-enable and write-disable the sector. ! 44: The next 15 sectors contain a second-stage bootstrap program. ! 45: .SH "DISK SUPPORT" ! 46: This driver handles both standard DEC controllers and Emulex ! 47: SC750 and SC780 controllers. ! 48: During autoconfiguration or whenever a drive comes on line for the first time, ! 49: as well as when a drive is opened after all partitions are closed, ! 50: the first sector of the drive is examined for a disk label. ! 51: If a label is found, the geometry of the drive and the partition tables ! 52: are taken from it. ! 53: If no label is found, ! 54: standard DEC drive types are ! 55: recognized according to the MASSBUS drive type register, ! 56: and default partitions are used. ! 57: For the Emulex controller the drive type register should be configured ! 58: to indicate the drive is an RM02. When this is encountered, ! 59: the driver checks the holding register to find out ! 60: the disk geometry and, based on this information, decides what ! 61: the drive type is. The following disks are supported: RM03, ! 62: RM05, RP06, RM80, RP05, RP07, ML11A, ML11B, CDC 9775, CDC 9730, ! 63: AMPEX Capricorn (32 sectors/track), FUJITSU Eagle (48 sectors/track), ! 64: Fujitsu 2361, ! 65: and AMPEX 9300. The default origin and size (in sectors) of the pseudo-disks ! 66: on each drive are as follows: ! 67: .PP ! 68: .nf ! 69: .ta .5i +\w'000000 'u +\w'000000 'u +\w'000000 'u +\w'000000 'u ! 70: .PP ! 71: RM03 partitions ! 72: disk start length cyls ! 73: hp?a 0 15884 0-99 ! 74: hp?b 16000 33440 100-309 ! 75: hp?c 0 131680 0-822 ! 76: hp?d 49600 15884 309-408 ! 77: hp?e 65440 55936 409-758 ! 78: hp?f 121440 10080 759-822 ! 79: hp?g 49600 82080 309-822 ! 80: .PP ! 81: RM05 partitions ! 82: disk start length cyls ! 83: hp?a 0 15884 0-26 ! 84: hp?b 16416 33440 27-81 ! 85: hp?c 0 500384 0-822 ! 86: hp?d 341696 15884 562-588 ! 87: hp?e 358112 55936 589-680 ! 88: hp?f 414048 86176 681-822 ! 89: hp?g 341696 158528 562-822 ! 90: hp?h 49856 291346 82-561 ! 91: .PP ! 92: RP06 partitions ! 93: disk start length cyls ! 94: hp?a 0 15884 0-37 ! 95: hp?b 15884 33440 38-117 ! 96: hp?c 0 340670 0-814 ! 97: hp?d 49324 15884 118-155 ! 98: hp?e 65208 55936 156-289 ! 99: hp?f 121220 219296 290-814 ! 100: hp?g 49324 291192 118-814 ! 101: .PP ! 102: RM80 partitions ! 103: disk start length cyls ! 104: hp?a 0 15884 0-36 ! 105: hp?b 16058 33440 37-114 ! 106: hp?c 0 242606 0-558 ! 107: hp?d 49910 15884 115-151 ! 108: hp?e 68096 55936 152-280 ! 109: hp?f 125888 120466 281-558 ! 110: hp?g 49910 192510 115-558 ! 111: .PP ! 112: RP05 partitions ! 113: disk start length cyls ! 114: hp?a 0 15884 0-37 ! 115: hp?b 15884 33440 38-117 ! 116: hp?c 0 171798 0-410 ! 117: hp?d 2242 15884 118-155 ! 118: hp?e 65208 55936 156-289 ! 119: hp?f 121220 50424 290-410 ! 120: hp?g 2242 122320 118-410 ! 121: .PP ! 122: RP07 partitions ! 123: disk start length cyls ! 124: hp?a 0 15884 0-9 ! 125: hp?b 16000 66880 10-51 ! 126: hp?c 0 1008000 0-629 ! 127: hp?d 376000 15884 235-244 ! 128: hp?e 392000 307200 245-436 ! 129: hp?f 699200 308600 437-629 ! 130: hp?g 376000 631800 235-629 ! 131: hp?h 83200 291346 52-234 ! 132: .PP ! 133: CDC 9775 partitions ! 134: disk start length cyls ! 135: hp?a 0 15884 0-12 ! 136: hp?b 16640 66880 13-65 ! 137: hp?c 0 1077760 0-841 ! 138: hp?d 376320 15884 294-306 ! 139: hp?e 392960 307200 307-546 ! 140: hp?f 700160 377440 547-841 ! 141: hp?g 376320 701280 294-841 ! 142: hp?h 84480 291346 66-293 ! 143: .PP ! 144: CDC 9730 partitions ! 145: disk start length cyls ! 146: hp?a 0 15884 0-49 ! 147: hp?b 16000 33440 50-154 ! 148: hp?c 0 263360 0-822 ! 149: hp?d 49600 15884 155-204 ! 150: hp?e 65600 55936 205-379 ! 151: hp?f 121600 141600 380-822 ! 152: hp?g 49600 213600 155-822 ! 153: .PP ! 154: AMPEX Capricorn partitions ! 155: disk start length cyls ! 156: hp?a 0 15884 0-31 ! 157: hp?b 16384 33440 32-97 ! 158: hp?c 0 524288 0-1023 ! 159: hp?d 342016 15884 668-699 ! 160: hp?e 358400 55936 700-809 ! 161: hp?f 414720 109408 810-1023 ! 162: hp?g 342016 182112 668-1023 ! 163: hp?h 50176 291346 98-667 ! 164: .PP ! 165: FUJITSU Eagle partitions ! 166: disk start length cyls ! 167: hp?a 0 15884 0-16 ! 168: hp?b 16320 66880 17-86 ! 169: hp?c 0 808320 0-841 ! 170: hp?d 375360 15884 391-407 ! 171: hp?e 391680 55936 408-727 ! 172: hp?f 698880 109248 728-841 ! 173: hp?g 375360 432768 391-841 ! 174: hp?h 83520 291346 87-390 ! 175: .PP ! 176: FUJITSU 2361 partitions ! 177: disk start length cyls ! 178: hp?a 0 15884 0-12 ! 179: hp?b 16640 66880 13-65 ! 180: hp?c 0 1077760 0-841 ! 181: hp?d 376320 15884 294-306 ! 182: hp?e 392960 307200 307-546 ! 183: hp?f 700160 377408 547-841 ! 184: hp?g 363520 701248 294-841 ! 185: hp?h 84480 291346 66-293 ! 186: .PP ! 187: AMPEX 9300 partitions ! 188: disk start length cyl ! 189: hp?a 0 15884 0-26 ! 190: hp?b 16416 33440 27-81 ! 191: hp?c 0 495520 0-814 ! 192: hp?d 341696 15884 562-588 ! 193: hp?e 358112 55936 589-680 ! 194: hp?f 414048 81312 681-814 ! 195: hp?g 341696 153664 562-814 ! 196: hp?h 49856 291346 82-561 ! 197: .DT ! 198: .fi ! 199: .PP ! 200: It is unwise for all of these files to be present in one installation, ! 201: since there is overlap in addresses and protection becomes ! 202: a sticky matter. ! 203: The hp?a partition is normally used for the root file system, ! 204: the hp?b partition as a paging area, ! 205: and the hp?c partition for pack-pack copying (it maps the entire disk). ! 206: On disks larger than about 205 Megabytes, the hp?h partition ! 207: is inserted prior to the hp?d or hp?g partition; ! 208: the hp?g partition then maps the remainder of the pack. ! 209: All disk partition tables are calculated using the ! 210: .IR diskpart (8) ! 211: program. ! 212: .SH FILES ! 213: .ta 2i ! 214: /dev/hp[0-7][a-h] block files ! 215: .br ! 216: /dev/rhp[0-7][a-h] raw files ! 217: .SH SEE ALSO ! 218: up(4), ! 219: disklabel(5), disklabel(8) ! 220: .SH DIAGNOSTICS ! 221: \fBhp%d%c: hard error %sing fsbn %d [of %d-%d] (hp%d bn %d cn %d tn %d sn %d) ! 222: mbsr=%b er1=%b er2=%b\fR. ! 223: An unrecoverable error occurred during transfer of the specified ! 224: filesystem block number, ! 225: which is a logical block number on the indicated partition. ! 226: If the transfer involved multiple blocks, the block range is printed as well. ! 227: The parenthesized fields list the actual disk sector number ! 228: relative to the beginning of the drive, ! 229: as well as the cylinder, track and sector number of the block. ! 230: The MASSBUS status register is printed in hexadecimal and ! 231: with the error bits decoded if any error bits other than MBEXC and DTABT ! 232: are set. In any case the contents of the two error registers are also printed ! 233: in octal and symbolically with bits decoded. ! 234: (Note that er2 is what old RP06 manuals would call RPER3; the terminology ! 235: is that of the RM disks). ! 236: The error was either unrecoverable, or a large number of retry attempts ! 237: (including offset positioning and drive recalibration) could not ! 238: recover the error. ! 239: .PP ! 240: \fBhp%d: write locked\fR. The write protect switch was set on the drive ! 241: when a write was attempted. The write operation is not recoverable. ! 242: .PP ! 243: \fBhp%d: not ready\fR. The drive was spun down or off line when it was ! 244: accessed. The I/O operation is not recoverable. ! 245: .PP ! 246: \fBhp%d%c: soft ecc reading fsbn %d [of %d-%d] (hp%d bn %d cn %d tn %d sn %d)\fP. ! 247: A recoverable ECC error occurred on the ! 248: specified sector of the specified disk partition. ! 249: If the transfer involved multiple blocks, the block range is printed as well. ! 250: The parenthesized fields list the actual disk sector number ! 251: relative to the beginning of the drive, ! 252: as well as the cylinder, track and sector number of the block. ! 253: This happens normally ! 254: a few times a week. If it happens more frequently than ! 255: this the sectors where the errors are occurring should be checked to see ! 256: if certain cylinders on the pack, spots on the carriage of the drive ! 257: or heads are indicated. ! 258: .PP ! 259: During autoconfiguration one of the following messages may appear ! 260: on the console indicating the appropriate drive type was recognized. ! 261: The last message indicates the drive is of a unknown type. ! 262: In this case, the correct geometry is set, and one partition is created ! 263: that contains the entire drive. ! 264: .PP ! 265: .nf ! 266: .BR "hp%d: 9775 (direct)" . ! 267: .BR "hp%d: 9730 (direct)" . ! 268: .BR "hp%d: 9300" . ! 269: .BR "hp%d: 9762" . ! 270: .BR "hp%d: capricorn" . ! 271: .BR "hp%d: eagle" . ! 272: .BR "hp%d: 2361" . ! 273: .BR "hp%d: ntracks %d, nsectors %d: unknown device" . ! 274: .fi ! 275: .SH BUGS ! 276: In raw I/O ! 277: .I read ! 278: and ! 279: .IR write (2) ! 280: truncate file offsets to 512-byte block boundaries, ! 281: and ! 282: .I write ! 283: scribbles on the tail of incomplete blocks. ! 284: Thus, ! 285: in programs that are likely to access raw devices, ! 286: .I read, write ! 287: and ! 288: .IR lseek (2) ! 289: should always deal in 512-byte multiples. ! 290: .PP ! 291: DEC-standard error logging should be supported. ! 292: .PP ! 293: A program to analyze the logged error information (even in its ! 294: present reduced form) is needed.
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