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1.1 root 1: .\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California.
2: .\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement
3: .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
4: .\"
5: .\" @(#)hier.7 6.1 (Berkeley) 5/20/85
6: .\"
7: .TH HIER 7 "May 20, 1985"
8: .UC 4
9: .SH NAME
10: hier \- file system hierarchy
11: .SH DESCRIPTION
12: The following outline gives a quick tour through a representative
13: directory hierarchy.
14: .na
15: .nh
16: .IP /
17: root
18: .PD 0
19: .IP /vmunix
20: the kernel binary (UNIX itself)
21: .IP /lost+found
22: directory for connecting detached files for
23: .IR fsck (8)
24: .IP /dev/
25: devices (4)
26: .RS
27: .IP MAKEDEV
28: shell script to create special files
29: .IP MAKEDEV.local
30: site specific part of MAKEDEV
31: .IP console
32: main console,
33: .IR tty (4)
34: .IP tty*
35: terminals,
36: .IR tty (4)
37: .IP hp*
38: disks,
39: .IR hp (4)
40: .IP rhp*
41: raw disks,
42: .IR hp (4)
43: .IP up*
44: UNIBUS disks
45: .IR up (4)
46: .IP ...
47: .RE
48: .IP /bin/
49: utility programs, cf /usr/bin/ (1)
50: .RS
51: .IP as
52: assembler
53: .IP cc
54: C compiler executive, cf /lib/ccom, /lib/cpp, /lib/c2
55: .IP csh
56: C shell
57: .IP ...
58: .RE
59: .IP /lib/
60: object libraries and other stuff, cf /usr/lib/
61: .RS
62: .IP libc.a
63: system calls, standard I/O, etc. (2,3,3S)
64: .IP ...
65: .IP ccom
66: C compiler proper
67: .IP cpp
68: C preprocessor
69: .IP c2
70: C code improver
71: .IP ...
72: .RE
73: .IP /etc/
74: essential data and maintenance utilities; sect (8)
75: .RS
76: .IP dump
77: dump program
78: .IR dump (8)
79: .IP passwd
80: password file,
81: .IR passwd (5)
82: .IP group
83: group file,
84: .IR group (5)
85: .IP motd
86: message of the day,
87: .IR login (1)
88: .IP termcap
89: description of terminal capabilities,
90: .IR termcap (5)
91: .IP ttytype
92: table of what kind of terminal is on each port,
93: .IR ttytype (5)
94: .IP mtab
95: mounted file table,
96: .IR mtab (5)
97: .IP dumpdates
98: dump history,
99: .IR dump (8)
100: .IP fstab
101: file system configuration table
102: .IR fstab (5)
103: .IP disktab
104: disk characteristics and partition tables,
105: .IR disktab (5)
106: .IP hosts
107: host name to network address mapping file,
108: .IR hosts (5)
109: .IP networks
110: network name to network number mapping file,
111: .IR networks (5)
112: .IP protocols
113: protocol name to protocol number mapping file,
114: .IR protocols (5)
115: .IP services
116: network services definition file,
117: .IR services (5)
118: .IP remote
119: names and description of remote hosts for
120: .IR tip (1C),
121: .IR remote (5)
122: .IP phones
123: private phone numbers for remote hosts, as described in
124: .IR phones (5)
125: .IP ttys
126: properties of terminals,
127: .IR ttys (5)
128: .IP getty
129: part of
130: .IR login ,
131: .IR getty (8)
132: .IP init
133: the parent of all processes,
134: .IR init (8)
135: .IP rc
136: shell program to bring the system up
137: .IP rc.local
138: site dependent portion of
139: .I rc
140: .IP cron
141: the clock daemon,
142: .IR cron (8)
143: .IP mount
144: .IR mount (8)
145: .IP ...
146: .RE
147: .IP /sys/
148: system source
149: .RS
150: .IP h/
151: header (include) files
152: .RS
153: .IP acct.h
154: .IR acct (5)
155: .IP stat.h
156: .IR stat (2)
157: .IP ...
158: .RE
159: .IP sys/
160: machine independent system source
161: .RS
162: .IP init_main.c
163: .IP uipc_socket.c
164: .IP ufs_syscalls.c
165: .IP ...
166: .RE
167: .IP conf/
168: site configuration files
169: .RS
170: .IP GENERIC
171: .IP ...
172: .RE
173: .IP net/
174: general network source
175: .IP netinet/
176: DARPA Internet network source
177: .IP netimp/
178: network code related to use of an IMP
179: .RS
180: .IP if_imp.c
181: .IP if_imphost.c
182: .IP if_imphost.h
183: .IP ...
184: .RE
185: .IP vax/
186: source specific to the VAX
187: .RS
188: .IP locore.s
189: .IP machdep.c
190: .IP ...
191: .RE
192: .IP vaxuba/
193: device drivers for hardware which resides on the UNIBUS
194: .RS
195: .IP uba.c
196: .IP dh.c
197: .IP up.c
198: .IP ...
199: .RE
200: .IP vaxmba/
201: device drivers for hardware which resides on the MASBUS
202: .RS
203: .IP mba.c
204: .IP hp.c
205: .IP ht.c
206: .IP ...
207: .RE
208: .IP vaxif
209: network interface drivers for the VAX
210: .RS
211: .IP if_en.c
212: .IP if_ec.c
213: .IP if_vv.c
214: .IP ...
215: .RE
216: .RE
217: .IP /tmp/
218: temporary files, usually on a fast device, cf /usr/tmp/
219: .RS
220: .IP e*
221: used by
222: .IR ed (1)
223: .IP ctm*
224: used by
225: .IR cc (1)
226: .IP ...
227: .RE
228: .IP /usr/
229: general-pupose directory, usually a mounted file system
230: .RS
231: .IP adm/
232: administrative information
233: .RS
234: .IP wtmp
235: login history,
236: .IR utmp (5)
237: .IP messages
238: hardware error messages
239: .IP tracct
240: phototypesetter accounting,
241: .IR troff (1)
242: .IP lpacct
243: line printer accounting
244: .IR lpr (1)
245: .IP "vaacct, vpacct"
246: varian and versatec accounting
247: .IR vpr (1),
248: .IR vtroff (1),
249: .IR pac (8)
250: .RE
251: .RE
252: .IP /usr\t/bin
253: .RS
254: utility programs, to keep /bin/ small
255: .IP tmp/
256: temporaries, to keep /tmp/ small
257: .RS
258: .IP stm*
259: used by
260: .IR sort (1)
261: .IP raster
262: used by
263: .IR plot (1G)
264: .RE
265: .IP dict/
266: word lists, etc.
267: .RS
268: .IP words
269: principal word list, used by
270: .IR look (1)
271: .IP spellhist
272: history file for
273: .IR spell (1)
274: .RE
275: .IP games/
276: .RS
277: .IP hangman
278: .IP lib/
279: library of stuff for the games
280: .RS
281: .IP quiz.k/
282: what
283: .IR quiz (6)
284: knows
285: .RS
286: .IP index
287: category index
288: .IP africa
289: countries and capitals
290: .IP ...
291: .RE
292: .IP ...
293: .RE
294: .IP ...
295: .RE
296: .IP include/
297: standard #include files
298: .RS
299: .IP a.out.h
300: object file layout,
301: .IR a.out (5)
302: .IP stdio.h
303: standard I/O,
304: .IR intro (3S)
305: .IP math.h
306: (3M)
307: .IP ...
308: .IP sys/
309: system-defined layouts, cf /sys/h
310: .IP net/
311: symbolic link to sys/net
312: .IP machine/
313: symbolic link to sys/machine
314: .IP ...
315: .RE
316: .IP lib/
317: object libraries and stuff, to keep /lib/ small
318: .RS
319: .IP atrun
320: scheduler for
321: .IR at (1)
322: .IP lint/
323: utility files for lint
324: .RS
325: .IP lint[12]
326: subprocesses for
327: .IR lint (1)
328: .IP llib-lc
329: dummy declarations for /lib/libc.a, used by
330: .IR lint (1)
331: .IP llib-lm
332: dummy declarations for /lib/libc.m
333: .IP ...
334: .RE
335: .IP struct/
336: passes of
337: .IR struct (1)
338: .IP ...
339: .IP tmac/
340: macros for
341: .IR troff (1)
342: .RS
343: .IP tmac.an
344: macros for
345: .IR man (7)
346: .IP tmac.s
347: macros for
348: .IR ms (7)
349: .IP ...
350: .RE
351: .IP font/
352: fonts for
353: .IR troff (1)
354: .RS
355: .IP ftR
356: Times Roman
357: .IP ftB
358: Times Bold
359: .IP ...
360: .RE
361: .IP uucp/
362: programs and data for
363: .IR uucp (1C)
364: .RS
365: .IP L.sys
366: remote system names and numbers
367: .IP uucico
368: the real copy program
369: .IP ...
370: .RE
371: .IP units
372: conversion tables for
373: .IR units (1)
374: .IP eign
375: list of English words to be ignored by
376: .IR ptx (1)
377: .RE
378: .RE
379: .br
380: .ne 5
381: .IP /usr/\tman/
382: .RS
383: volume 1 of this manual,
384: .IR man (1)
385: .RS
386: .IP man0/
387: general
388: .RS
389: .IP intro
390: introduction to volume 1,
391: .IR ms (7)
392: format
393: .IP xx
394: template for manual page
395: .RE
396: .IP man1/
397: chapter 1
398: .RS
399: .IP as.1
400: .IP mount.1m
401: .IP ...
402: .RE
403: .IP ...
404: .IP cat1/
405: preformatted pages for section 1
406: .IP ...
407: .RE
408: .IP msgs/
409: messages, cf
410: .IR msgs (1)
411: .RS
412: .IP bounds
413: highest and lowest message
414: .RE
415: .IP new/
416: binaries of new versions of programs
417: .IP preserve/
418: editor temporaries preserved here after crashes/hangups
419: .IP public/
420: binaries of user programs - write permission to everyone
421: .IP spool/
422: delayed execution files
423: .RS
424: .IP at/
425: used by
426: .IR at (1)
427: .IP lpd/
428: used by
429: .IR lpr (1)
430: .RS
431: .IP lock
432: present when line printer is active
433: .IP cf*
434: copy of file to be printed, if necessary
435: .IP df*
436: daemon control file,
437: .IR lpd (8)
438: .IP tf*
439: transient control file, while
440: .I lpr
441: is working
442: .RE
443: .IP uucp/
444: work files and staging area for
445: .IR uucp (1C)
446: .RS
447: .IP LOGFILE
448: summary log
449: .IP LOG.*
450: log file for one transaction
451: .RE
452: .IP mail/
453: mailboxes for
454: .IR mail (1)
455: .RS
456: .TP
457: .I name
458: mail file for user
459: .I name
460: .TP
461: .IR name .lock
462: lock file while
463: .I name
464: is receiving mail
465: .RE
466: .IP secretmail/
467: like
468: .IR mail /
469: .IP uucp/
470: work files and staging area for
471: .IR uucp (1C)
472: .RS
473: .IP LOGFILE
474: summary log
475: .IP LOG.*
476: log file for one transaction
477: .IP mqueue/
478: mail queue for
479: .IR sendmail (8)
480: .RE
481: .RE
482: .TP
483: .I wd
484: initial working directory of a user,
485: typically
486: .I wd
487: is the user's login name
488: .RS
489: .TP
490: .BR . profile
491: set environment for
492: .IR sh (1),
493: .IR environ (7)
494: .TP
495: .BR . project
496: what you are doing (used by (
497: .IR finger (1)
498: )
499: .TP
500: .BR . cshrc
501: startup file for
502: .IR csh (1)
503: .TP
504: .BR . exrc
505: startup file for
506: .IR ex (1)
507: .TP
508: .BR . plan
509: what your short-term plans are (used by
510: .IR finger (1)
511: )
512: .TP
513: .BR . netrc
514: startup file for various network programs
515: .TP
516: .BR . msgsrc
517: startup file for
518: .IR msgs (1)
519: .TP
520: .BR . mailrc
521: startup file for
522: .IR mail (1)
523: .IP calendar
524: user's datebook for
525: .IR calendar (1)
526: .RE
527: .IP doc/
528: papers, mostly in volume 2 of this manual, typically in
529: .IR ms (7)
530: format
531: .RS
532: .IP as/
533: assembler manual
534: .IP c
535: C manual
536: .IP ...
537: .RE
538: .RE
539: .RE
540: .IP /usr/\tsrc/
541: .RS
542: .IP
543: source programs for utilities, etc.
544: .RS
545: .IP bin/
546: source of commands in /bin
547: .RS
548: .IP as/
549: assembler
550: .IP ar.c
551: source for
552: .IR ar (1)
553: .IP ...
554: .RE
555: .IP usr.bin/
556: source for commands in /usr/bin
557: .RS
558: .IP troff/
559: source for
560: .I nroff
561: and
562: .IR troff (1)
563: .RS
564: .IP font/
565: source for font tables, /usr/lib/font/
566: .RS
567: .IP ftR.c
568: Roman
569: .IP ...
570: .RE
571: .IP term/
572: terminal characteristics tables, /usr/lib/term/
573: .RS
574: .IP tab300.c
575: DASI 300
576: .IP ...
577: .RE
578: .IP ...
579: .RE
580: .RE
581: .IP ucb
582: source for programs in /usr/ucb
583: .IP games/
584: source for /usr/games
585: .IP lib/
586: source for programs and archives in /lib
587: .RS
588: .IP libc/
589: C runtime library
590: .RS
591: .IP csu/
592: startup and wrapup routines needed with every C program
593: .RS
594: .IP crt0.s
595: regular startup
596: .IP mcrt0.s
597: modified startup for
598: .I cc \-p
599: .RE
600: .IP sys/
601: system calls (2)
602: .RS
603: .IP access.s
604: .IP brk.s
605: .IP ...
606: .RE
607: .RE
608: .IP stdio/
609: standard I/O functions (3S)
610: .RS
611: .IP fgets.c
612: .IP fopen.c
613: .IP ...
614: .RE
615: .IP gen/
616: other functions in (3)
617: .RS
618: .IP abs.c
619: .IP ...
620: .RE
621: .IP net/
622: network functions in (3N)
623: .RS
624: .IP gethostbyname.c
625: .IP ...
626: .RE
627: .RE
628: .IP local/
629: source which isn't normally distributed
630: .IP new/
631: source for new versions of commands and library routines
632: .IP old/
633: source for old versions of commands and library routines
634: .IP ucb/
635: binaries of programs developed at UCB
636: .RS
637: .IP ...
638: .IP edit
639: editor for beginners
640: .IP ex
641: command editor for experienced users
642: .IP ...
643: .IP mail
644: mail reading/sending subsystem
645: .IP man
646: on line documentation
647: .IP ...
648: .IP pi
649: Pascal translator
650: .IP px
651: Pascal interpreter
652: .IP ...
653: .IP vi
654: visual editor
655: .RE
656: .RE
657: .ad
658: .SH SEE ALSO
659: ls(1),
660: apropos(1),
661: whatis(1),
662: whereis(1),
663: finger(1),
664: which(1),
665: ncheck(8),
666: find(1),
667: grep(1)
668: .SH BUGS
669: The position of files is subject to change without notice.
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