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1.1 root 1: .\" Copyright (c) 1983 Regents of the University of California.
2: .\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement
3: .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
4: .\"
5: .\" @(#)ifconfig.8 6.5 (Berkeley) 9/30/87
6: .\"
7: .TH IFCONFIG 8C "September 30, 1987"
8: .UC 5
9: .SH NAME
10: ifconfig \- configure network interface parameters
11: .SH SYOPNSIS
12: .B /etc/ifconfig
13: interface address_family
14: [
15: .I address
16: [
17: .I dest_address
18: ] ] [
19: .I parameters
20: ]
21: .br
22: .B /etc/ifconfig
23: interface
24: [
25: protocol_family
26: ]
27: .SH DESCRIPTION
28: .I Ifconfig
29: is used to assign an address
30: to a network interface and/or configure
31: network interface parameters.
32: .I Ifconfig
33: must be used at boot time to define the network address
34: of each interface present on a machine; it may also be used at
35: a later time to redefine an interface's address
36: or other operating parameters. The
37: .I interface
38: parameter is a string of the form ``name unit'', e.g. ``en0''.
39: .LP
40: Since an interface may receive transmissions in differing protocols,
41: each of which may require separate naming schemes, it is necessary
42: to specify the
43: .IR address_family ,
44: which may change the interpretation of the remaining parameters.
45: The address families currently supported are ``inet'' and ``ns''.
46: .LP
47: For the DARPA-Internet family,
48: the address is either a host name present in the host name data
49: base,
50: .IR hosts (5),
51: or a DARPA Internet address expressed in the Internet standard
52: ``dot notation''.
53: For the Xerox Network Systems(tm) family,
54: addresses are
55: .IR net:a.b.c.d.e.f ,
56: where
57: .I net
58: is the assigned network number (in decimal),
59: and each of the six bytes of the host number,
60: .I a
61: through
62: .IR f ,
63: are specified in hexadecimal.
64: The host number may be omitted on 10Mb/s Ethernet interfaces,
65: which use the hardware physical address,
66: and on interfaces other than the first.
67: .PP
68: The following parameters may be set with
69: .IR ifconfig :
70: .TP 15
71: .B up
72: Mark an interface ``up''.
73: This may be used to enable an interface after an ``ifconfig down.''
74: It happens automatically when setting the first address on an interface.
75: If the interface was reset when previously marked down,
76: the hardware will be re-initialized.
77: .TP 15
78: .B down
79: Mark an interface ``down''. When an interface is
80: marked ``down'', the system will not attempt to
81: transmit messages through that interface.
82: If possible, the interface will be reset to disable reception as well.
83: This action does not automatically disable routes using the interface.
84: .TP 15
85: .B trailers
86: Request the use of a ``trailer'' link level encapsulation when
87: sending (default).
88: If a network interface supports
89: .IR trailers ,
90: the system will, when possible, encapsulate outgoing
91: messages in a manner which minimizes the number of
92: memory to memory copy operations performed by the receiver.
93: On networks that support the Address Resolution Protocol (see
94: .IR arp (4P);
95: currently, only 10 Mb/s Ethernet),
96: this flag indicates that the system should request that other
97: systems use trailers when sending to this host.
98: Similarly, trailer encapsulations will be sent to other
99: hosts that have made such requests.
100: Currently used by Internet protocols only.
101: .TP 15
102: .B \-trailers
103: Disable the use of a ``trailer'' link level encapsulation.
104: .TP 15
105: .B arp
106: Enable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol in mapping
107: between network level addresses and link level addresses (default).
108: This is currently implemented for mapping between DARPA Internet
109: addresses and 10Mb/s Ethernet addresses.
110: .TP 15
111: .B \-arp
112: Disable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol.
113: .TP 15
114: .BI metric " n"
115: Set the routing metric of the interface to
116: .IR n ,
117: default 0.
118: The routing metric is used by the routing protocol
119: .RI ( routed (8c)).
120: Higher metrics have the effect of making a route
121: less favorable; metrics are counted as addition hops
122: to the destination network or host.
123: .TP 15
124: .B debug
125: Enable driver dependent debugging code; usually, this turns on
126: extra console error logging.
127: .TP 15
128: .B \-debug
129: Disable driver dependent debugging code.
130: .TP 15
131: .BI netmask " mask"
132: (Inet only)
133: Specify how much of the address to reserve for subdividing
134: networks into sub-networks.
135: The mask includes the network part of the local address
136: and the subnet part, which is taken from the host field of the address.
137: The mask can be specified as a single hexadecimal number
138: with a leading 0x, with a dot-notation Internet address,
139: or with a pseudo-network name listed in the network table
140: .IR networks (5).
141: The mask contains 1's for the bit positions in the 32-bit address
142: which are to be used for the network and subnet parts,
143: and 0's for the host part.
144: The mask should contain at least the standard network portion,
145: and the subnet field should be contiguous with the network
146: portion.
147: .TP 15
148: .B dest_address
149: Specify the address of the correspondent on the other end
150: of a point to point link.
151: .TP 15
152: .B broadcast
153: (Inet only)
154: Specify the address to use to represent broadcasts to the
155: network.
156: The default broadcast address is the address with a host part of all 1's.
157: .TP 15
158: .B ipdst
159: (NS only)
160: This is used to specify an Internet host who is willing to receive
161: ip packets encapsulating NS packets bound for a remote network.
162: In this case, an apparent point to point link is constructed, and
163: the address specified will be taken as the NS address and network
164: of the destinee.
165: .PP
166: .I Ifconfig
167: displays the current configuration for a network interface
168: when no optional parameters are supplied.
169: If a protocol family is specified,
170: Ifconfig will report only the details specific to that protocol family.
171: .PP
172: Only the super-user may modify the configuration of a network interface.
173: .SH DIAGNOSTICS
174: Messages indicating the specified interface does not exit, the
175: requested address is unknown, or the user is not privileged and
176: tried to alter an interface's configuration.
177: .SH "SEE ALSO"
178: netstat(1), intro(4N), rc(8)
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