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1.1 root 1: .\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California.
2: .\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement
3: .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
4: .\"
5: .\" @(#)restore.8 6.6 (Berkeley) 7/31/87
6: .\"
7: .TH RESTORE 8 "July 31, 1987"
8: .UC 4
9: .SH NAME
10: restore \- incremental file system restore
11: .SH SYNOPSIS
12: .B /etc/restore
13: key [ name ... ]
14: .SH DESCRIPTION
15: .PP
16: .I Restore
17: reads tapes dumped with the
18: .IR dump (8)
19: command.
20: Its actions are controlled by the
21: .I key
22: argument.
23: The
24: .I key
25: is a string of characters containing
26: at most one function letter and possibly
27: one or more function modifiers.
28: Other arguments to the command are file or directory
29: names specifying the files that are to be restored.
30: Unless the
31: .B h
32: key is specified (see below),
33: the appearance of a directory name refers to
34: the files and (recursively) subdirectories of that directory.
35: .PP
36: The function portion of
37: the key is specified by one of the following letters:
38: .TP 5n
39: .B r
40: The tape
41: is read and loaded into the current directory.
42: This should not be done lightly; the
43: .B r
44: key should only be used to restore
45: a complete dump tape onto a clear file system
46: or to restore an incremental dump tape after a full level zero restore.
47: Thus
48: .IP "" 5n
49: /etc/newfs /dev/rrp0g eagle
50: .br
51: /etc/mount /dev/rp0g /mnt
52: .br
53: cd /mnt
54: .br
55: restore r
56: .IP "" 5n
57: is a typical sequence to restore a complete dump.
58: Another
59: .I restore
60: can be done to get an incremental dump
61: in on top of this.
62: Note that
63: .I restore
64: leaves a file
65: .I restoresymtable
66: in the root directory to pass information between incremental
67: restore passes.
68: This file should be removed when the last incremental tape has been
69: restored.
70: .br
71: A
72: .IR dump (8)
73: followed by a
74: .IR newfs (8)
75: and a
76: .I restore
77: is used to change the size of a file system.
78: .TP 5n
79: .B R
80: .I Restore
81: requests a particular tape of a multi volume set on which to restart
82: a full restore
83: (see the
84: .B r
85: key above).
86: This allows
87: .I restore
88: to be interrupted and then restarted.
89: .TP 5n
90: .B x
91: The named files are extracted from the tape.
92: If the named file matches a directory whose contents
93: had been written onto the tape,
94: and the
95: .B h
96: key is not specified,
97: the directory is recursively extracted.
98: The owner, modification time,
99: and mode are restored (if possible).
100: If no file argument is given,
101: then the root directory is extracted,
102: which results in the entire content of the
103: tape being extracted,
104: unless the
105: .B h
106: key has been specified.
107: .TP 5n
108: .B t
109: The names of the specified files are listed if they occur
110: on the tape.
111: If no file argument is given,
112: then the root directory is listed,
113: which results in the entire content of the
114: tape being listed,
115: unless the
116: .B h
117: key has been specified.
118: Note that the
119: .B t
120: key replaces the function of the old
121: .I dumpdir
122: program.
123: .TP 5n
124: .B i
125: This mode allows interactive restoration of files from a dump tape.
126: After reading in the directory information from the tape,
127: .I restore
128: provides a shell like interface that allows the user to move
129: around the directory tree selecting files to be extracted.
130: The available commands are given below;
131: for those commands that require an argument,
132: the default is the current directory.
133: .IP "" 10n
134: .ti -5n
135: .br
136: .B ls
137: [arg] \-
138: List the current or specified directory.
139: Entries that are directories are appended with a ``/''.
140: Entries that have been marked for extraction are prepended with a ``*''.
141: If the verbose key is set the inode number of each entry is also listed.
142: .ti -5n
143: .sp
144: .B cd
145: arg \-
146: Change the current working directory to the specified argument.
147: .ti -5n
148: .sp
149: .B pwd
150: \-
151: Print the full pathname of the current working directory.
152: .ti -5n
153: .sp
154: .B add
155: [arg] \-
156: The current directory or specified argument is added to the list of
157: files to be extracted.
158: If a directory is specified, then it and all its descendents are
159: added to the extraction list
160: (unless the
161: .B h
162: key is specified on the command line).
163: Files that are on the extraction list are prepended with a ``*''
164: when they are listed by
165: .BR ls .
166: .ti -5n
167: .sp
168: .B delete
169: [arg] \-
170: The current directory or specified argument is deleted from the list of
171: files to be extracted.
172: If a directory is specified, then it and all its descendents are
173: deleted from the extraction list
174: (unless the
175: .B h
176: key is specified on the command line).
177: The most expedient way to extract most of the files from a directory
178: is to add the directory to the extraction list and then delete
179: those files that are not needed.
180: .ti -5n
181: .sp
182: .B extract
183: \-
184: All the files that are on the extraction list are extracted
185: from the dump tape.
186: .I Restore
187: will ask which volume the user wishes to mount.
188: The fastest way to extract a few files is to
189: start with the last volume, and work towards the first volume.
190: .ti -5n
191: .sp
192: .B setmodes
193: \-
194: All the directories that have been added to the extraction list
195: have their owner, modes, and times set;
196: nothing is extracted from the tape.
197: This is useful for cleaning up after a restore has been prematurely aborted.
198: .ti -5n
199: .sp
200: .B verbose
201: \-
202: The sense of the
203: .B v
204: key is toggled.
205: When set, the verbose key causes the
206: .B ls
207: command to list the inode numbers of all entries.
208: It also causes
209: .I restore
210: to print out information about each file as it is extracted.
211: .ti -5n
212: .sp
213: .B help
214: \-
215: List a summary of the available commands.
216: .ti -5n
217: .sp
218: .B quit
219: \-
220: Restore immediately exits,
221: even if the extraction list is not empty.
222: .sp
223: .PP
224: The following characters may be used in addition to the letter
225: that selects the function desired.
226: .TP 5n
227: .B b
228: The next argument to
229: .I restore
230: is used as the block size of the tape (in kilobytes).
231: If the \fB-b\fP option is not specified,
232: .I restore
233: tries to determine the tape block size dynamically.
234: .TP 5n
235: .B f
236: The next argument to
237: .I restore
238: is used as the name of the archive instead
239: of /dev/rmt?.
240: If the name of the file is ``\-'',
241: .I restore
242: reads from standard input.
243: Thus,
244: .IR dump (8)
245: and
246: .I restore
247: can be used in a pipeline to dump and restore a file system
248: with the command
249: .IP "" 5n
250: dump 0f - /usr | (cd /mnt; restore xf -)
251: .TP 5n
252: .B v
253: Normally
254: .I restore
255: does its work silently.
256: The
257: .B v
258: (verbose)
259: key causes it to type the name of each file it treats
260: preceded by its file type.
261: .TP 5n
262: .B y
263: .I Restore
264: will not ask whether it should abort the restore if gets a tape error.
265: It will always try to skip over the bad tape block(s) and continue as
266: best it can.
267: .TP 5n
268: .B m
269: .I Restore
270: will extract by inode numbers rather than by file name.
271: This is useful if only a few files are being extracted,
272: and one wants to avoid regenerating the complete pathname
273: to the file.
274: .TP 5n
275: .B h
276: .I Restore
277: extracts the actual directory,
278: rather than the files that it references.
279: This prevents hierarchical restoration of complete subtrees
280: from the tape.
281: .TP 5n
282: .B s
283: The next argument to
284: .I restore
285: is a number which
286: selects the file on a multi-file dump tape. File numbering
287: starts at 1.
288: .SH DIAGNOSTICS
289: Complaints about bad key characters.
290: .PP
291: Complaints if it gets a read error.
292: If
293: .B y
294: has been specified, or the user responds ``y'',
295: .I restore
296: will attempt to continue the restore.
297: .PP
298: If the dump extends over more than one tape,
299: .I restore
300: will ask the user to change tapes.
301: If the
302: .B x
303: or
304: .B i
305: key has been specified,
306: .I restore
307: will also ask which volume the user wishes to mount.
308: The fastest way to extract a few files is to
309: start with the last volume, and work towards the first volume.
310: .PP
311: There are numerous consistency checks that can be listed by
312: .IR restore .
313: Most checks are self-explanatory or can ``never happen''.
314: Common errors are given below.
315: .IP "Converting to new file system format." 5n
316: .br
317: A dump tape created from the old file system has been loaded.
318: It is automatically converted to the new file system format.
319: .IP "<filename>: not found on tape" 5n
320: .br
321: The specified file name was listed in the tape directory,
322: but was not found on the tape.
323: This is caused by tape read errors while looking for the file,
324: and from using a dump tape created on an active file system.
325: .IP "expected next file <inumber>, got <inumber>" 5n
326: .br
327: A file that was not listed in the directory showed up.
328: This can occur when using a dump tape created on an active file system.
329: .IP "Incremental tape too low" 5n
330: .br
331: When doing incremental restore,
332: a tape that was written before the previous incremental tape,
333: or that has too low an incremental level has been loaded.
334: .IP "Incremental tape too high" 5n
335: .br
336: When doing incremental restore,
337: a tape that does not begin its coverage where the previous incremental
338: tape left off,
339: or that has too high an incremental level has been loaded.
340: .IP "Tape read error while restoring <filename>" 5n
341: .ti -5n
342: .br
343: Tape read error while skipping over inode <inumber>
344: .ti -5n
345: .br
346: Tape read error while trying to resynchronize
347: .br
348: A tape read error has occurred.
349: If a file name is specified,
350: then its contents are probably partially wrong.
351: If an inode is being skipped or the tape is trying to resynchronize,
352: then no extracted files have been corrupted,
353: though files may not be found on the tape.
354: .IP "resync restore, skipped <num> blocks" 5n
355: .br
356: After a tape read error,
357: .I restore
358: may have to resynchronize itself.
359: This message lists the number of blocks that were skipped over.
360: .SH FILES
361: /dev/rmt? the default tape drive
362: .br
363: /tmp/rstdir* file containing directories on the tape.
364: .br
365: /tmp/rstmode* owner, mode, and time stamps for directories.
366: .br
367: \&./restoresymtable information passed between incremental restores.
368: .SH SEE ALSO
369: rrestore(8C) dump(8), newfs(8), mount(8), mkfs(8)
370: .SH BUGS
371: .I Restore
372: can get confused when doing incremental restores from
373: dump tapes that were made on active file systems.
374: .PP
375: A level zero dump must be done after a full restore.
376: Because restore runs in user code,
377: it has no control over inode allocation;
378: thus a full restore must be done to get a new set of directories
379: reflecting the new inode numbering,
380: even though the contents of the files is unchanged.
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