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1.1 root 1: .\" Copyright (c) 1983 Regents of the University of California.
2: .\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement
3: .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
4: .\"
5: .\" @(#)route.8c 6.2 (Berkeley) 5/24/86
6: .\"
7: .TH ROUTE 8C "May 24, 1986"
8: .UC 5
9: .SH NAME
10: route \- manually manipulate the routing tables
11: .SH SYNOPSIS
12: .B /etc/route
13: [
14: .B \-f
15: ] [
16: .B \-n
17: ] [
18: .I command args
19: ]
20: .SH DESCRIPTION
21: .I Route
22: is a program used to manually manipulate the network
23: routing tables. It normally is not needed, as the
24: system routing table management daemon,
25: .IR routed (8C),
26: should tend to this task.
27: .PP
28: .I Route
29: accepts two commands:
30: .IR add ,
31: to add a route, and
32: .IR delete ,
33: to delete a route.
34: .PP
35: All commands have the following syntax:
36: .PP
37: .ti +0.25i
38: .B /etc/route
39: .I command
40: [
41: .B net
42: |
43: .B host
44: ]
45: .I destination gateway
46: [
47: .I metric
48: ]
49: .PP
50: where
51: .I destination
52: is the destination host or network,
53: .I gateway
54: is the next-hop gateway to which packets should be addressed, and
55: .I metric
56: is a count indicating the number of hops to
57: the
58: .IR destination .
59: The metric is required for
60: .I add
61: commands; it must be zero if the destination is on a directly-attached network,
62: and nonzero if the route utilizes one or more gateways.
63: If adding a route with metric 0,
64: the gateway given is the address of this host on the common network,
65: indicating the interface to be used for transmission.
66: Routes to a particular host are distinguished from those to
67: a network by interpreting the Internet address associated with
68: .IR destination .
69: The optional keywords
70: .B net
71: and
72: .B host
73: force the destination to be interpreted as a network or a host, respectively.
74: Otherwise, if the
75: .I destination
76: has a ``local address part'' of INADDR_ANY,
77: or if the
78: .I destination
79: is the symbolic name of a network, then the route is
80: assumed to be to a network; otherwise, it is presumed to be a
81: route to a host. If the route is to a destination connected
82: via a gateway, the
83: .I metric
84: should be greater than 0. All symbolic names specified for a
85: .I destination
86: or
87: .I gateway
88: are looked up first as a host name using
89: .IR gethostbyname (3N).
90: If this lookup fails,
91: .IR getnetbyname (3N)
92: is then used to interpret the name as that of a network.
93: .PP
94: .I Route
95: uses a raw socket and the SIOCADDRT and SIOCDELRT
96: .IR ioctl 's
97: to do its work. As such, only the super-user may modify
98: the routing tables.
99: .PP
100: If the
101: .B \-f
102: option is specified,
103: .I route
104: will ``flush'' the routing tables of all gateway entries.
105: If this is used in conjunction with one of the commands
106: described above, the tables are flushed prior to the command's
107: application.
108: .PP
109: The
110: .B \-n
111: option prevents attempts to print host and network names symbolically
112: when reporting actions.
113: .SH DIAGNOSTICS
114: ``\fBadd [ host | network ] %s: gateway %s flags %x\fP''
115: .br
116: The specified route is being added to the tables. The
117: values printed are from the routing table entry supplied
118: in the
119: .I ioctl
120: call.
121: If the gateway address used was not the primary address of the gateway
122: (the first one returned by
123: .IR gethostbyname ),
124: the gateway address is printed numerically as well as symbolically.
125: .PP
126: ``\fBdelete [ host | network ] %s: gateway %s flags %x\fP''
127: .br
128: As above, but when deleting an entry.
129: .PP
130: ``\fB%s %s done\fP''
131: .br
132: When the
133: .B \-f
134: flag is specified, each routing table entry deleted
135: is indicated with a message of this form.
136: .PP
137: ``\fBNetwork is unreachable\fP''
138: .br
139: An attempt to add a route failed because the gateway listed was not
140: on a directly-connected network.
141: The next-hop gateway must be given.
142: .PP
143: ``\fBnot in table\fP''
144: .br
145: A delete operation was attempted for an entry which
146: wasn't present in the tables.
147: .PP
148: ``\fBrouting table overflow\fP''
149: .br
150: An add operation was attempted, but the system was
151: low on resources and was unable to allocate memory
152: to create the new entry.
153: .SH "SEE ALSO"
154: intro(4N),
155: routed(8C),
156: XNSrouted(8C)
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