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Annotation of 43BSDTahoe/man/man8/vax/reboot.8, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California.
        !             2: .\" All rights reserved.  The Berkeley software License Agreement
        !             3: .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
        !             4: .\"
        !             5: .\"    @(#)reboot.8    6.6 (Berkeley) 7/12/88
        !             6: .\"
        !             7: .TH REBOOT 8 "July 12, 1988"
        !             8: .UC 4
        !             9: .SH NAME
        !            10: reboot \- UNIX bootstrapping procedures
        !            11: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !            12: .B /etc/reboot
        !            13: [
        !            14: .B \-n
        !            15: ] [
        !            16: .B \-q
        !            17: ]
        !            18: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            19: .PP
        !            20: UNIX is started by placing it in memory
        !            21: at location zero and transferring to the entry point.
        !            22: Since the system is not reenterable,
        !            23: it is necessary to read it in from disk or tape
        !            24: each time it is to be bootstrapped.
        !            25: .PP
        !            26: .B Rebooting a running system.
        !            27: When a UNIX is running and a reboot is desired,
        !            28: .IR shutdown (8)
        !            29: is normally used.
        !            30: If there are no users then
        !            31: .B /etc/reboot
        !            32: can be used.
        !            33: Reboot causes the disks to be synced and allows the system
        !            34: to perform other shutdown activities such as resynchronizing
        !            35: hardware time-of-day clocks.
        !            36: A multi-user reboot (as described below) is then initiated.
        !            37: This causes a system to be
        !            38: booted and an automatic disk check to be performed.  If all this succeeds
        !            39: without incident, the system is then brought up for many users.
        !            40: .PP
        !            41: Options to reboot are:
        !            42: .TP
        !            43: .B \-n
        !            44: option avoids the sync.  It can be used if a disk or the processor
        !            45: is on fire. 
        !            46: .TP
        !            47: .B \-q
        !            48: reboots quickly and ungracefully, without shutting down running
        !            49: processes first.
        !            50: .PP
        !            51: .I Reboot
        !            52: normally logs the reboot using
        !            53: .IR syslog (8)
        !            54: and places a shutdown record in the login accounting file
        !            55: /usr/adm/wtmp.
        !            56: These actions are inhibited if the
        !            57: .B \-n
        !            58: or
        !            59: .B \-q
        !            60: options are present.
        !            61: .PP
        !            62: .B "Power fail and crash recovery."
        !            63: Normally, the system will reboot itself at power-up or after crashes.
        !            64: Provided the auto-restart is enabled on the machine front panel,
        !            65: an automatic consistency check of the file systems will be performed,
        !            66: and unless this fails, the system will resume multi-user operations.
        !            67: .PP
        !            68: .B Cold starts.
        !            69: These are processor-type dependent.
        !            70: On an 11/780, there are two floppy files for each disk controller,
        !            71: both of which cause boots from unit 0 of the root file system
        !            72: of a controller located on mba0 or uba0.
        !            73: One gives a single user shell, while the other invokes the multi-user
        !            74: automatic reboot.  Thus these files are HPS and HPM for the single
        !            75: and multi-user boot from MASSBUS RP06/RM03/RM05 disks,
        !            76: UPS and UPM for UNIBUS storage module controller and disks
        !            77: such as the EMULEX SC-21
        !            78: and AMPEX 9300 pair,
        !            79: RAS and RAM to boot from MSCP controllers and disks such as the RA81,
        !            80: or HKS and HKM for RK07 disks.
        !            81: There is also a script for booting from the default device,
        !            82: which is normally a copy of one of the standard multi-user boot scripts,
        !            83: but which may be modified to perform other actions
        !            84: or to boot from a different unit.
        !            85: The situation on the 8600 is similar, with scripts loaded from the console RL02.
        !            86: .PP
        !            87: Giving the command
        !            88: .IP
        !            89: >>>BOOT HPM
        !            90: .LP
        !            91: would boot the system from (e.g.) an RP06 and run the automatic consistency
        !            92: check as described in
        !            93: .IR fsck (8).
        !            94: (Note that it may
        !            95: be necessary to type control-P
        !            96: and halt the processor
        !            97: to gain the attention of the LSI-11 before getting the >>> prompt.)
        !            98: The command
        !            99: .IP
        !           100: >>>BOOT ANY
        !           101: .LP
        !           102: invokes a version of the boot program in a way which allows you to
        !           103: specify any system as the system to be booted.
        !           104: It reads from the console a device specification (see below) followed
        !           105: immediately by a pathname.
        !           106: .PP
        !           107: The scripts may be modified for local configuration if necessary.
        !           108: The flags are placed in register 11 (as defined in
        !           109: .IR <sys/reboot.h> ).
        !           110: The boot device is specified in register 10.
        !           111: The encoding of this register is also defined in
        !           112: .IR <sys/reboot.h> .
        !           113: The current encoding has a historical basis, and is shown in the following
        !           114: table:
        !           115: .LP
        !           116: .ta 5 10
        !           117: .nf
        !           118:        bits    usage
        !           119:        0-7     boot device type (the device major number)
        !           120:        8-15    disk partition
        !           121:        16-19   drive unit
        !           122:        20-23   controller number
        !           123:        24-27   adaptor number (UNIBUS or MASSBUS as appropriate)
        !           124: .fi
        !           125: .LP
        !           126: The adaptor number corresponds to the normal configuration on the 11/750,
        !           127: and to the order in which adaptors are found on the 11/780 and 8600
        !           128: (generally the same as the numbers used by UNIX).
        !           129: .PP
        !           130: On an 11/750, the reset button will boot from the device
        !           131: selected by the front panel boot device switch.  In systems
        !           132: with RK07's, position B normally selects the RK07 for boot.
        !           133: This will boot multi-user.  To boot from RK07 with boot flags you
        !           134: may specify
        !           135: .IP
        !           136: >>>B/\fIn\fR DMA0
        !           137: .LP
        !           138: where, giving a \fIn\fR of 1 causes the boot program
        !           139: to ask for the name of the system to be bootstrapped,
        !           140: giving a \fIn\fR of 2 causes the boot program to come up single
        !           141: user, and a \fIn\fR of 3 causes both of these actions to occur.
        !           142: The ``DM'' specifies RK07, the ``A'' represents the adaptor number (UNIBUS
        !           143: or MASSBUS), and the ``0'' is the drive unit number.
        !           144: Other disk types which may be used are DB (MASSBUS), DD (TU58),
        !           145: and DU (UDA-50/RA disk).
        !           146: A non-zero disk partition can be used by adding (partition times 1000 hex)
        !           147: to \fIn\fR.
        !           148: .PP
        !           149: The boot procedure on the MicroVAX II is similar.
        !           150: A switch on the back panel sets the power-up action
        !           151: to autoboot or to halt.
        !           152: When halted, the processor may be booted using the same syntax
        !           153: as on the 11/750.
        !           154: .PP
        !           155: The 11/750 boot procedure uses the boot roms to load block 0 off of
        !           156: the specified device.  The /usr/mdec directory contains a number
        !           157: of bootstrap programs for the various disks which should be placed
        !           158: in a new pack by
        !           159: .IR disklabel (8).
        !           160: Similarly, the MicroVAX II boot procedure loads a boot parameter block
        !           161: from block 0 of the disk.
        !           162: The
        !           163: .I rdboot
        !           164: ``bootstrap'' contains the correct parameters for an MSCP disk such
        !           165: as the RD53.
        !           166: .PP
        !           167: On any processor, the 
        !           168: .I boot
        !           169: program
        !           170: finds the corresponding file on the given device 
        !           171: .RI ( vmunix
        !           172: by default), loads that file
        !           173: into memory location zero, and starts the program at the entry address
        !           174: specified in the program header (after clearing off the high bit
        !           175: of the specified entry address).
        !           176: .PP
        !           177: The file specifications used with \*(lqBOOT ANY\*(rq or \*(lqB/3\*(rq
        !           178: are of the form:
        !           179: .IP
        !           180: device(adaptor,controller,unit,minor)
        !           181: .PP
        !           182: where
        !           183: .I device
        !           184: is the type of the device to be searched,
        !           185: .I adaptor
        !           186: is the UNIBUS or MASSBUS number of the adaptor to which the device is attached,
        !           187: .I controller
        !           188: is the unit number of the controller or MASSBUS tape formatter on that adaptor,
        !           189: .I unit
        !           190: is the unit number of the disk or transport slave unit of the tape,
        !           191: and
        !           192: .I minor
        !           193: is the disk partition or tape file number.
        !           194: Leading adaptor or controller numbers default to 0.
        !           195: Normal line editing characters can be used when typing the file specification.
        !           196: The following list of supported devices may vary from installation to
        !           197: installation:
        !           198: .LP
        !           199: .ta 5 10
        !           200: .nf
        !           201:        hp      MASSBUS disk drive
        !           202:        up      UNIBUS storage module drive
        !           203:        ht      TE16,TU45,TU77 on MASSBUS
        !           204:        kra     storage module on a KDB50
        !           205:        mt      TU78 on MASSBUS
        !           206:        hk      RK07 on UNIBUS
        !           207:        ra      storage module on a MSCP-compatible UNIBUS controller
        !           208:        rb      storage module on a 730 IDC
        !           209:        rl      RL02 on UNIBUS
        !           210:        tm      TM11 emulation tape drives on UNIBUS
        !           211:        tms     TMSCP-compatible tape
        !           212:        ts      TS11 on UNIBUS
        !           213:        ut      UNIBUS TU45 emulator
        !           214: .fi
        !           215: .PP
        !           216: For example,
        !           217: to boot from a file system which starts at cylinder 0
        !           218: of unit 0 of a MASSBUS disk, type \*(lqhp(0,0)vmunix\*(rq
        !           219: to the boot prompt; \*(lqhp(2,0,1,0)vmunix\*(rq
        !           220: would specify drive 1 on MASSBUS adaptor 2;
        !           221: \*(lqup(0,0)vmunix\*(rq would specify
        !           222: a UNIBUS drive, \*(lqhk(0,0)vmunix\*(rq would specify
        !           223: an RK07 disk drive, \*(lqra(1,0,0,0)vmunix\*(rq would specify a
        !           224: UDA50 disk drive on a second UNIBUS, and \*(lqrb(0,0)vmunix\*(rq would specify a
        !           225: disk on a 730 IDC.
        !           226: For tapes, the minor device number gives a file offset;
        !           227: \*(lqmt(1,2,3,4)\*(rq would specify the fifth file on slave 3 of the formatter
        !           228: at \*(lqdrive\*(rq 2 on mba 1.
        !           229: .PP
        !           230: On an 11/750 with patchable control store,
        !           231: microcode patches will be installed by
        !           232: .I boot
        !           233: if the file
        !           234: .I psc750.bin
        !           235: exists in the root of the filesystem from which the system is booted.
        !           236: .PP
        !           237: In an emergency, the bootstrap methods described in the paper
        !           238: ``Installing and Operating 4.3bsd'' can be used
        !           239: to boot from a distribution tape.
        !           240: .SH FILES
        !           241: .ta \w'/usr/mdec/bootxx   'u
        !           242: /vmunix        system code
        !           243: .br
        !           244: /boot  system bootstrap
        !           245: .br
        !           246: /usr/mdec/xxboot       sector-0 boot block for 750, xx is disk type
        !           247: .br
        !           248: /usr/mdec/bootxx       second-stage boot for 750, xx is disk type
        !           249: .br
        !           250: /pcs750.bin    microcode patch file on 750
        !           251: .SH "SEE ALSO"
        !           252: arff(8V),
        !           253: crash(8V),
        !           254: disklabel(8),
        !           255: fsck(8),
        !           256: halt(8),
        !           257: init(8),
        !           258: rc(8),
        !           259: shutdown(8),
        !           260: syslogd(8)

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