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Initial revision
UWM(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual UWM(1)
NAME
uwm - Window Manager Client Application of X
SYNTAX
uwm [-f _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e]
DESCRIPTION
The _u_w_m command is a window manager client application of
the window server.
When the command is invoked, it traces a predefined search
path to locate any _u_w_m startup files. If no startup files
exist, _u_w_m initializes its built-in default file.
If startup files exist in any of the following locations, it
adds the variables to the default variables. In the case of
contention, the variables in the last file found override
previous specifications. Files in the _u_w_m search path are:
/_u_s_r/_n_e_w/_l_i_b/_X/_u_w_m/_s_y_s_t_e_m._u_w_m_r_c
$_H_O_M_E/._u_w_m_r_c
To use only the settings defined in a single startup file,
include the variables, resetbindings, resetmenus, resetvari-
ables at the top of that specific startup file.
ARGUMENTS
-f _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
Names an alternate file as a _u_w_m startup file.
STARTUP FILE VARIABLES
Variables are typically entered first, at the top of the
startup file. By convention, resetbindings, resetmenus, and
resetvariables head the list.
autoselect/noautoselect
places menu cursor in first menu item. If
unspecified, menu cursor is placed in the
menu header when the menu is displayed.
delta=_p_i_x_e_l_s indicates the number of pixels the cursor is
moved before the action is interpreted by the
window manager as a command. (Also refer to
the delta mouse action.)
freeze/nofreeze
locks all other client applications out of
the server during certain window manager
tasks, such as move and resize.
grid/nogrid displays a finely-ruled grid to help you
position an icon or window during resize or
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UWM(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual UWM(1)
move operations.
hiconpad=_n indicates the number of pixels to pad an icon
horizontally. The default is five pixels.
hmenupad=_n indicates the amount of space in pixels, that
each menu item is padded above and below the
text.
iconfont=_f_o_n_t_n_a_m_e
names the font that is displayed within
icons. Font names are listed in the font
directory, /_u_s_r/_n_e_w/_l_i_b/_X/_f_o_n_t.
maxcolors=_n limits the number of colors the window
manager can use in a given invocation. If set
to zero, or not specified, _u_w_m assumes no
limit to the number of colors it can take
from the color map. maxcolors counts colors
as they are included in the file.
normali/nonormali
places icons created with f.newiconify within
the root window, even if it is placed par-
tially off the screen. With nonormali the
icon is placed exactly where the cursor
leaves it.
normalw/nonormalw
places window created with f.newiconify
within the root window, even if it is placed
partially off the screen. With nonormalw the
window is placed exactly where the cursor
leaves it.
push=_n moves a window _n number of pixels or a rela-
tive amount of space, depending on whether
pushabsolute or pushrelative is specified.
Use this variable in conjunction with
f.pushup, f.pushdown, f.pushright, or
f.pushleft.
pushabsolute/pushrelative
pushabsolute indicates that the number
entered with push is equivalent to pixels.
When an f.push (left, right, up, or down)
function is called, the window is moved
exactly that number of pixels.
pushrelative indicates that the number
entered with the push variable represents a
relative number. When an f.push function is
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UWM(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual UWM(1)
called, the window is invisibly divided into
the number of parts you entered with the push
variable, and the window is moved one part.
resetbindings, resetmenus, and resetvariables
resets all previous function bindings, menus,
and variables entries, specified in any
startup file in the _u_w_m search path, includ-
ing those in the default environment. By
convention, these variables are entered first
in the startup file.
resizefont=_f_o_n_t_n_a_m_e
identifies the font of the indicator that
displays in the corner of the window as you
resize windows. See the /_u_s_r/_n_e_w/_l_i_b/_X/_f_o_n_t
directory for a list of fonts.
reverse/noreverse
defines the display as black characters on a
white background for the window manager win-
dows and icons.
viconpad=_n indicates the number of pixels to pad an icon
vertically. Default is five pixels.
vmenupad=_n indicates the amount of space in pixels that
the menu is padded on the right and left of
the text.
volume=_n increases or decreases the base level volume
set by the _x_s_e_t(_1) command. Enter an integer
from 0 to 7, 7 being the loudest.
zap/nozap causes ghost lines to follow the window or
icon from its previous default location to
its new location during a move or resize
operation.
BINDING SYNTAX
"_f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n=[_c_o_n_t_r_o_l _k_e_y(_s)]:[_c_o_n_t_e_x_t]:_m_o_u_s_e _e_v_e_n_t_s:" _m_e_n_u
_n_a_m_e "
Function and mouse events are required input. Menu name is
required with the _f._m_e_n_u function definition only.
Function
f.beep emits a beep from the keyboard. Loudness is
determined by the volume variable.
f.circledown causes the top window that is obscuring
another window to drop to the bottom of the
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UWM(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual UWM(1)
stack of windows.
f.circleup exposes the lowest window that is obscured by
other windows.
f.continue releases the window server display action
after you stop action with the f.pause func-
tion.
f.focus directs all keyboard input to the selected
window. To reset the focus to all windows,
invoke _f._f_o_c_u_s from the root window.
f.iconify when implemented from a window, this function
converts the window to its respective icon.
When implemented from an icon, f.iconify con-
verts the icon to its respective window.
f.lower lowers a window that is obstructing a window
below it.
f.menu invokes a menu. Enclose `menu name' in
quotes if it contains blank characters or
parentheses.
f.menu=[_c_o_n_t_r_o_l _k_e_y(_s)]:[_c_o_n_t_e_x_t ]:_m_o_u_s_e _e_v_e_n_t_s:" _m_e_n_u _n_a_m_e "
f.move moves a window or icon to a new location,
which becomes the default location.
f.moveopaque moves a window or icon to a new screen loca-
tion. When using this function, the entire
window or icon is moved to the new screen
location. The grid effect is not used with
this function.
f.newiconify allows you to create a window or icon and
then position the window or icon in a new
default location on the screen.
f.pause temporarily stops all display action. To
release the screen and immediately update all
windows, use the f.continue function.
f.pushdown moves a window down. The distance of the push
is determined by the push variables.
f.pushleft moves a window to the left. The distance of
the push is determined by the push variables.
f.pushright moves a window to the right. The distance of
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UWM(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual UWM(1)
the push is determined by the push variables.
f.pushup moves a window up. The distance of the push
is determined by the push variables.
f.raise raises a window that is being obstructed by a
window above it.
f.refresh results in exposure events being sent to the
window server clients for all unobscured or
partially obscured windows. The windows will
not refresh correctly if the exposure events
are not handled properly.
f.resize resizes an existing window. Note that some
clients, notably editors, react unpredictably
if you resize the window while the client is
running.
f.restartn causes the window manager application to res-
tart, retracing the _u_w_m search path and ini-
tializing the variables it finds.
Control Keys
By default, the window manager uses meta as its control key.
It can also use ctrl, shift, lock, or null (no control key).
Control keys must be entered in lower case, and can be
abbreviated as: c, l, m, s for ctrl, lock, meta, and shift,
respectively.
You can bind one, two, or no control keys to a function. Use
the bar (|) character to combine control keys.
Note that client applications other than the window manager
use the shift as a control key. If you bind the shift key
to a window manager function, you can not use other client
applications that require this key.
Context
The context refers to the screen location of the cursor when
a command is initiated. When you include a context entry in
a binding, the cursor must be in that context or the func-
tion will not be activated. The window manager recognizes
the following four contexts: icon, window, root, (null).
The root context refers to the root, or background window, A
(null) context is indicated when the context field is left
blank, and allows a function to be invoked from any screen
location. Combine contexts using the bar (|) character.
Mouse Buttons
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UWM(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual UWM(1)
Any of the following mouse buttons are accepted in lower
case and can be abbreviated as l, m, or r, respectively:
left, middle, right.
With the specific button, you must identify the action of
that button. Mouse actions can be:
down function occurs when the specified button is
pressed down.
up function occurs when the specified button is
released.
delta indicates that the mouse must be moved the number
of pixels specified with the delta variable before
the specified function is invoked. The mouse can
be moved in any direction to satisfy the delta
requirement.
MENU DEFINITION
After binding a set of function keys and a menu name to
f.menu, you must define the menu to be invoked, using the
following syntax:
menu = " _m_e_n_u _n_a_m_e " {
"_i_t_e_m _n_a_m_e" : "_a_c_t_i_o_n"
.
.
.
}
Enter the menu name exactly the way it is entered with the
f.menu function or the window manager will not recognize the
link. If the menu name contains blank strings, tabs or
parentheses, it must be quoted here and in the f.menu func-
tion entry. You can enter as many menu items as your screen
is long. You cannot scroll within menus.
Any menu entry that contains quotes, special characters,
parentheses, tabs, or strings of blanks must be enclosed in
double quotes. Follow the item name by a colon (:).
Menu Action
Window manager functions
Any function previously described. E.g., f.move
or f.iconify.
Shell commands
Begin with an exclamation point (!) and set to run
in background. You cannot include a new line
character within a shell command.
Printed 9/15/87 27 January 1986 6
UWM(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual UWM(1)
Text strings
Text strings are placed in the window server's cut
buffer.
Strings with a new line character must begin with
an up arrow (^), which is stripped during the copy
operation.
Strings without a new line must begin with the bar
character (|), which is stripped during the copy
operation.
Color Menus
Use the following syntax to add color to menus:
menu = "_m_e_n_u _n_a_m_e" (_c_o_l_o_r_1:_c_o_l_o_r_2:_c_o_l_o_r_3:_c_o_l_o_r_4) {
"_i_t_e_m _n_a_m_e" : (_c_o_l_o_r_5 :_c_o_l_o_r_6) : " _a_c_t_i_o_n "
.
.
.
}
color1 Foreground color of the header.
color2 Background color of the header.
color3 Foreground color of the highlighter, the horizon-
tal band of color that moves with the cursor
within the menu.
color4 Background color of the highlighter.
color5 Foreground color for the individual menu item.
color6 Background color for the individual menu item.
Color Defaults
Colors default to the colors of the root window under any of
the following conditions:
1) If you run out of color map entries, either before or
during an invocation of _u_w_m.
2) If you specify a foreground or background color that
does not exist in the RGB color database (/_u_s_r/_l_i_b/_r_g_b._t_x_t)
both the foreground and background colors default to the
root window colors.
3) If you omit a foreground or background color, both the
foreground and background colors default to the root window
colors.
Printed 9/15/87 27 January 1986 7
UWM(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual UWM(1)
4) If the total number of colors specified in the startup
file exceeds the number specified in the _m_a_x_c_o_l_o_r_s variable.
5) If you specify no colors in the startup file.
EXAMPLES
The following sample startup file shows the default window
manager options:
# Global variables
#
resetbindings;resetvariables;resetmenus
autoselect
delta=25
freeze
grid
hiconpad=5
hmenupad=6
iconfont=oldeng
menufont=timrom12b
resizefont=9x15
viconpad=5
vmenupad=3
volume=7
#
# Mouse button/key maps
#
# FUNCTION KEYS CONTEXT BUTTON MENU(if any)
# ======== ==== ======= ====== ============
f.menu = meta : :left down :"WINDOW OPS"
f.menu = meta : :middle down :"EXTENDED WINDOW OPS"
f.move = meta :w|i :right down
f.circleup = meta :root :right down
#
# Menu specifications
#
menu = "WINDOW OPS" {
"(De)Iconify": f.iconify
Move: f.move
Resize: f.resize
Lower: f.lower
Raise: f.raise
}
menu = "EXTENDED WINDOW OPS" {
Create Window: !"xterm &"
Iconify at New Position: f.lowericonify
Focus Keyboard on Window: f.focus
Freeze All Windows: f.pause
Unfreeze All Windows: f.continue
Circulate Windows Up: f.circleup
Circulate Windows Down: f.circledown
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UWM(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual UWM(1)
}
RESTRICTIONS
The color specifications have no effect on a monochrome sys-
tem.
FILES
/usr/lib/rgb.txt
/usr/new/lib/X/font
/usr/skel/.uwmrc
/usr/new/lib/X/uwm/system.uwmrc
$HOME/.uwmrc
SEE ALSO
X(1), X(8C)
AUTHOR
COPYRIGHT 1985, 1986
DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION
MAYNARD, MASSACHUSETTS
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
THE INFORMATION IN THIS SOFTWARE IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE
WITHOUT NOTICE AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSTRUED AS A COMMITMENT
BY DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION. DIGITAL MAKES NO
REPRESENTATIONS ABOUT THE SUITIBILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE FOR
ANY PURPOSE. IT IS SUPPLIED "AS IS" WITHOUT EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED WARRANTY.
IF THE SOFTWARE IS MODIFIED IN A MANNER CREATING DERIVATIVE
COPYRIGHT RIGHTS, APPROPRIATE LEGENDS MAY BE PLACED ON THE
DERIVATIVE WORK IN ADDITION TO THAT SET FORTH ABOVE.
Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
software and its documentation for any purpose and without
fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright
notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright
notice and this permission notice appear in supporting docu-
mentation, and that the name of Digital Equipment Corpora-
tion not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to
distribution of the software without specific, written prior
permission.
M. Gancarz, DEC Ultrix Engineering Group, Merrimack, New
Hampshire, using some algorithms originally by Bob
Scheifler, MIT Laboratory for Computer Science
Printed 9/15/87 27 January 1986 9
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