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1.1 root 1:
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4: XNWM(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual XNWM(1)
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7:
8: NAME
9: xnwm - X window system manager process
10:
11: SYNOPSIS
12: xnwm [ -cmsnftv2 ] [ @_b_o_r_d_e_r ] [ %_i_c_o_n_D_e_l_t_a ]
13: [ fm=_f_o_n_t ] [ fi=_f_o_n_t ] [ fs=_f_o_n_t ]
14: [ l=_o_p ] [ m=_o_p ] [ r=_o_p ]
15: [ _h_o_s_t:_d_i_s_p_l_a_y ] [ =_g_e_o_m_e_t_r_y ]
16:
17: DESCRIPTION
18: The window manager is a process that allows the user of a
19: display running the X window system to manipulate the win-
20: dows on the screen. X implements the `desktop model' of
21: overlapping windows; _x_n_w_m allows windows to be moved, iconi-
22: fied, and resized, allows the order of the windows in the
23: `stack' of overlapping windows to be manipulated, and allows
24: the keyboard focus to be attached to a window. X allows
25: windows to contain other windows, but _x_n_w_m only manipulates
26: the top-level windows and not any of the subwindows.
27:
28: _X_n_w_m takes arguments _h_o_s_t and _d_i_s_p_l_a_y, which refer the the
29: host and display number. For example `xnwm amadeus:1' would
30: start up the window manager on display one on the machine
31: amadeus. By default, _x_n_w_m uses the host and display number
32: stored in the environment variable DISPLAY, and therefore
33: they are not normally specified.
34:
35: _X_n_w_m has 2 modes of operation, `normal' and `popup', In
36: normal mode _x_n_w_m creates a menu window across the top of the
37: screen. To perform an action, you click any mouse button in
38: the appropriate menu box and then click the same button in
39: the window you wish to affect. _X_n_w_m also reserves certain
40: button/key combinations and interprets them as operations on
41: existing windows. The key combination is specified in the
42: command line with some subset of the options: -c (Control),
43: -m (Meta), and -s (Shift). For example, if you specify the
44: options -cm then the Control and Meta keys must be down at
45: the time a mouse button is depressed. The option -n (None)
46: means that no buttons need be held down. This is
47: discouraged since it means that applications will never
48: receive unshifted mouse clicks. If no combination is speci-
49: fied in the command line, Meta is assumed. Note: the key
50: combination is not necessary when using functions from the
51: menu; it is only needed with the assigned button functions
52: to distinguish window manager operations from operations
53: destined for the application running within the window.
54:
55: The window manager normally takes control of the screen at
56: various times to assure that the screen image remains
57: correct while performing window manager operations. When
58: this happens, requests from other applications are tem-
59: porarily suspended until the window manager finishes the
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74: operation. The option -f (no freeze) disables this. If
75: this option is specified, window outlines for _M_o_v_e and
76: _R_e_s_i_z_e will flicker rather than remaining solid, and the
77: background behind popup windows (see later) will take longer
78: to redraw.
79:
80: The options -t (thin), -v (vertical), and -2 (2 rows) con-
81: trol the format of the menu bar. In the absence of any of
82: these, the menu extends across the entire screen. If the -t
83: option is given, the menu bar will not extend fully across
84: the screen; instead there will be room at the right (con-
85: venient for, for example, a clock window). If the -v option
86: is used, the menu windows are stacked vertically instead of
87: spread horizontally. The -2 option causes the menu windows
88: to be in two rows, allowing room for a terminal window the
89: height of the screen while still allowing menu access.
90: Either of the last two options automatically selects the -t
91: option. The menu is located in the upper left corner of the
92: screen by default, but its location can be set with the
93: =_g_e_o_m_e_t_r_y option as usual with X applications. (Notice that
94: there is no size component, position information is used
95: only.)
96:
97: _X_n_w_m will use reverse video for the menu, the cursor, icon
98: text, and the frame around selected windows if the -r
99: (reverse) option is used.
100:
101: The border width around selected windows can be changed with
102: the @ argument; the default is 5 pixels.
103:
104: The default font for displaying text is ``8x13''. You can
105: specify a different font with the fm= (Menu font), fi= (Icon
106: font), and the fs= (Size window font) options.
107:
108: Initially, the left, middle, and right mouse buttons are
109: bound to the operations _S_e_l_e_c_t, _R_a_i_s_e, and _M_o_v_e. You can
110: change these bindings with the l= (left), m= (middle), and
111: r= (right) arguments. Each should be followed by one of the
112: letters "srmilzc", representing, respectively, _S_e_l_e_c_t,
113: _R_a_i_s_e, _M_o_v_e, _I_c_o_n_i_f_y, _L_o_w_e_r, _r_e_s_i_Z_e, and _C_i_r_c_u_l_a_t_e. They may
114: also be followed by nothing, in which case no function is
115: bound to that key.
116:
117: Clicking any button that is not bound to the _S_e_l_e_c_t function
118: in the background will cause the menu window to become visi-
119: ble if it has become covered by other windows. Double
120: clicking the background will cause the menu to move back to
121: its original position.
122:
123: In popup mode, the menu window is not normally displayed,
124: but instead `pops up' when a particular button is pressed.
125: To get popup mode, bind the letter ``p'' to any of the three
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140: buttons as described above. (You may also bind the other
141: buttons as desired.) Whenever the bound button is clicked
142: while the appropriate combination of control, meta, and
143: shift keys is depressed, or any time a button that is not
144: bound to the _S_e_l_e_c_t function is clicked in the background,
145: the menu will appear beneath the cursor. You may then
146: select any menu function you wish; after the operation is
147: completed the menu will disappear. To make the menu disap-
148: pear without performing any operation, just move the cursor
149: out of the menu area. Note: the mouse button bound to the
150: popup function may not be rebound using Assign. Using popup
151: mode with complicated screen images and with no freeze (the
152: -f option) may cause some difficulties if the menu obscures
153: the image, since the applications will have to redraw their
154: windows after the menu goes away.
155:
156: The available commands are described below. For any of
157: these commands, if you press a button to start a command,
158: and then want to abort the command, simply press one of the
159: other buttons before releasing the first button.
160:
161: Select attaches the keyboard to a window, i.e., keyboard
162: input will go to that window (hierarchy) even when the mouse
163: is outside the window. It also Raises the selected window.
164: Selecting the background will detach the keyboard from any
165: window (actually, it attaches it to the background window).
166: If no window is selected the keyboard input will go to the
167: window which currently contains the mouse cursor. The
168: selected window is highlighted by drawing a partial frame
169: around the window. Selecting an icon allows the icon name
170: to be edited: the delete key deletes the last character,
171: control-U deletes the entire name, and other characters are
172: appended to the current name. Typing a return restores the
173: input focus to the most recent non-icon window selected.
174:
175: Raise raises the window to the top of any stack of overlap-
176: ping windows.
177:
178: Move is used to move a window. If you apply it to a window,
179: an outline will be moved with the mouse; when you release
180: the button, the window will be moved.
181:
182: (De)Iconify will make a window into an icon. If the mouse
183: is moved more than a threshold amount, or this is the first
184: time the window has been iconified, the icon will appear at
185: the location on the screen where the button is released.
186: Otherwise, the icon will reappear at its previous location.
187: This threshold may be changed with the %_i_c_o_n_D_e_l_t_a option.
188: Giving a negative value will disable this effect. The
189: default is 5 pixels. (De)Iconify will make the original
190: window reappear at its former position on the screen if it
191: is applied to an icon. The name displayed in the icon can
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206: be edited by Selecting the icon.
207:
208: Lower will `push' the window you point at to the bottom of
209: any stack of overlapping windows.
210:
211: Resize is used to resize a window by moving a corner or an
212: edge. If you apply it to a window, a rubber banded outline
213: of the window will be displayed and moving the mouse will
214: change its size, leaving the opposite corner or other edges
215: fixed. The corner or edge to be moved depends on the where
216: the mouse is when the button is pressed. Imagine the window
217: divided with grid of nine rectangles. If the mouse is in
218: one of the four corner rectangles or the center rectangle,
219: then the corner closest to the mouse will be moved; other-
220: wise, the closest edge will be moved. When the button is
221: released, the window will be resized.
222:
223: Circulate causes the lowest window in the stack of overlap-
224: ping windows to be Raised ; successive applications will
225: reveal every window in turn.
226:
227: Assign allows you to change the button bindings; to use it
228: click any button in the Assign menu window and then click
229: the same button in any other function to assign that func-
230: tion to that button. To remove the assignment from a but-
231: ton, double click the Assign window.
232:
233: X DEFAULTS AND OPTION SUMMARY
234: MenuFont (fm=_n_a_m_e)
235: Set the default font for the menu.
236:
237: SizeFont (fs=_n_a_m_e)
238: Set the default font for the size window.
239:
240: IconFont (fi=_n_a_m_e)
241: Set the default font for icons.
242:
243: FrameWidth (@_v_a_l_u_e)
244: Set the width of the frame around selected windows.
245:
246: IconifyDelta (%_v_a_l_u_e)
247: Set the threshold for moving icons.
248:
249: ReverseVideo (-r)
250: Sets reverse video for the menu, icons, selection
251: border, and cursor.
252:
253: MenuFormat (-tv2)
254: Sets the format of the menu; should be some subset
255: of tv2 meaning thin, vertical, or 2 rows.
256:
257: Freeze (-f)
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268: XNWM(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual XNWM(1)
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272: If set to ``off'', disables _x_n_w_m taking control of
273: the screen during operations.
274:
275: KeyCombination (-csmln)
276: Sets the keys required to specify _x_n_w_m operations;
277: should be some subset of csmln meaning control,
278: shift, meta, lock, and none.
279:
280: LeftButton (l=value)
281: Sets the default left button function; should be one
282: of srmilzcp
283:
284: MiddleButton (m=value)
285: Sets the default middle button function; should be
286: one of srmilzcp
287:
288: RightButton (r=value)
289: Sets the default right button function; should be
290: one of srmilzcp
291:
292: Geometry (={+-}xoff{+-}yoff)
293: Sets the location of the menu.
294:
295: FILES
296: /usr/new/lib/X/font directory of fonts
297:
298: ENVIRONMENT
299: DISPLAY - to get default host and
300: display number
301:
302: SEE ALSO
303: X(8C)
304:
305: AUTHOR
306: Paul Asente, Stanford University, using some algorithms ori-
307: ginally by Bob Scheifler, MIT Laboratory for Computer Sci-
308: ence
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