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Annotation of 43BSDTahoe/new/help/src/f77/userlibs, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .TI F77/USERLIBS "Sep. 15, 1984"
        !             2: Making Random Libraries from Object Files
        !             3: 
        !             4: A library is a single file which contains many different object files
        !             5: plus an index to the contents of the library.  In UNIX, libraries are
        !             6: "archives" and have names ending in ".a".  When loading, only the
        !             7: needed object files are loaded from libraries mentioned in the f77
        !             8: command.  To load a program requiring object files from library file
        !             9: "mylib.a" in the current directory, type:
        !            10: 
        !            11:        f77 prog.o sub1.o ... mylib.a
        !            12: 
        !            13: This loads the object files prog.o, sub1.o, etc. and then loads those
        !            14: object files in mylib.a that prog.o, sub1.o, ... reference.
        !            15: 
        !            16: Library names are listed at the end of the f77 command because
        !            17: object files in the libraries are loaded only if the object files
        !            18: are referenced by previously loaded object files.
        !            19: 
        !            20: The "ar" command creates and maintains archives on UNIX.  Here
        !            21: is a simple example that compiles three subroutines and adds them
        !            22: to the archive mylib.a:
        !            23: 
        !            24: .nf
        !            25:        f77 -c sub1.f sub2.f sub3.f 
        !            26:        ar uv mylib.a  sub1.o sub2.o sub3.o
        !            27: .fi
        !            28: 
        !            29: Ar will respond with "a - sub.o" when a file is first inserted (appended) into
        !            30: the archive.
        !            31: We could use the same ar command to replace already existing
        !            32: object files in the archive.  Ar responds with "r - sub.o" when a file is
        !            33: updated (replaced) in the archive.
        !            34: 
        !            35: Use ranlib to add a random table of contents to the archive, converting it to a
        !            36: library:
        !            37: 
        !            38:        ranlib mylib.a
        !            39: 
        !            40: To see what .o files are in a library or archive, type:
        !            41: 
        !            42:        ar tv mylib.a
        !            43: 
        !            44: To see what subprograms, entry points, and common blocks are referenced
        !            45: by the .o files in an archive, type:
        !            46: 
        !            47:        nm -g mylib.a
        !            48: 
        !            49: The loader checks whether the random index of a library is up to date
        !            50: or not by comparing the date within the file to the modification date
        !            51: of the file.  Because of this, if you use the 'cp' command to make a
        !            52: second copy of a library, the loader thinks the random index for the
        !            53: library is out of date, ignores it and issues a warning:
        !            54: 
        !            55: .nf
        !            56:        % cp  libnew.a  mylib.a
        !            57:        % f77  prog.o  mylib.a
        !            58:        ld:mylib.a: warning: table of contents for archive is out
        !            59:           of date; rerun ranlib(1)
        !            60: .fi
        !            61: 
        !            62: Instead, either use the 'mv' command if you just want to change the
        !            63: name or path of the library,
        !            64: or use the 'tar' command if you really want to make an identical copy.
        !            65: To use 'tar', first move into the directory containing the library.
        !            66: Then issue the command:
        !            67: 
        !            68:        tar cBf - libnew.a | ( cd ~/newdir ; tar xBf - libnew.a )
        !            69: 
        !            70: This copies libnew.a to ~/newdir/libnew.a.  Tar creates the new file
        !            71: with the same modification date as the original file so that you do
        !            72: not need to rerun ranlib.  Notice that the name of the library, libnew.a,
        !            73: appears twice in the command line and must be identical in both positions.
        !            74: If you want the copy of the library to have a different name, follow
        !            75: the tar with a mv command.
        !            76: 
        !            77: To copy a library across systems, use tar together with rsh; e.g. to
        !            78: copy mylib.a on opal to ~/mybin/mylib.a on populi, type the
        !            79: following on opal:
        !            80: 
        !            81: .nf
        !            82:        tar cBf - mylib.a \\
        !            83:                 | rsh populi "( cd mybin; tar xBf - mylib.a )"
        !            84: .fi
        !            85: 
        !            86: For large libraries, you may want to check if there were transmission errors
        !            87: by comparing the copy to the original:
        !            88: 
        !            89:        rsh populi cat mylib.a | cmp - mylib.a
        !            90: 
        !            91: For more information, see ar(1), ld(1), nm(1), ranlib(1), and rsh(1) in the
        !            92: UNIX Programmer's Manual.
        !            93: 
        !            94: For information of importance in dealing with large libraries, see "help
        !            95: f77 biglibs".

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