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1.1 root 1: #
2: cat << '%'
3: ##nroff
4: .TI VI_PRACTICE
5: Practice Session with the Visual Editor "vi"
6: .ds CF \" prevents shell from stumbling on the final page number
7: .sp
8: This will initiate a practice session with the "vi" editor.
9: You will be placed in the editor with a file containing instructions
10: on how to proceed.
11: .sp
12: ##
13: '%'
14: cat > /tmp/hvi$$ << '%'
15: ---------------------------------------------------------------
16: If you get into trouble: to exit from vi press ESC and type ZZ
17: ---------------------------------------------------------------
18:
19: First of all, we will practice moving around the screen.
20: Press the RETURN key to move down a line at a time.
21: Keep hitting RETURN until you arrive at the big X below.
22: Then use the arrow keys for directional movements.
23:
24: ______ Start at the x below and move right.
25: |
26: V
27:
28: X-----------------------x <-- You should be here.
29: | Now go down.
30: |
31: |
32: |
33: |
34: This is the end. --> x |
35: Now use CTRL-d to | |
36: scroll downwards. | |
37: | |
38: | |
39: | |
40: | |
41: | |
42: You should be here. --> x---------------x <-- You should be here.
43: Now go up. Now move left.
44:
45: Scrolling goes a few lines at a time.
46: If you want to scroll upwards, you could try the CTRL-u command.
47: CTRL-d goes down, whereas CTRL-u goes up.
48:
49: Continue with CTRL-d until you're located around here.
50:
51: To move a forward a word at a time, just type the letter w -- it
52: will not appear on the screen, but the cursor will jump to the
53: next word. To go back a word at a time, try the b command. There
54: is also the e command, which goes to the end of the current word.
55: Try moving around this paragraph with these three commands.
56:
57: This is a block of text that is pretty boring. Nonetheless,
58: there is an interesting word further down. That word is Garbage.
59: Do a pattern search for this word. To do this, type a slash (/),
60: then type the letters g a r b a g e (without spaces), and a RETURN.
61: Bla bla bla bla bla bla bla. Bla bla bla bla. Bla bla bla bla
62: bla bla bla bla bla. Bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla.
63: Bla bla bla bla bla bla bla.
64:
65: I've had enough of this garbage. <-- You should be on this line.
66:
67: Now do another search for the same word.
68: To do this, type an "n", which will not appear on the screen.
69: You will be placed at the next instance of the word.
70:
71: Another instance of the pattern "garbage". <-- Here it is.
72:
73: Now continue onwards by pressing RETURN a few times.
74:
75: ---------------------------------------------------------------
76: If you get into trouble: to exit from vi press ESC and type ZZ
77: ---------------------------------------------------------------
78:
79: Now that we've learned to move the cursor around the screen,
80: let's try several commands for changing the text. The first is
81: the "a" command, which appends text-- everything you type will
82: be entered into your file, until you issue an ESC (this is a
83: button on the upper left corner of the keyboard). Move down to
84: the line below the arrow, and add some text. Don't forget to
85: end text input by pressing the ESC key. After you're done,
86: move on to the lines below.
87:
88: |
89: |
90: V
91:
92:
93: Good. Remember, if you get into a weird state by pressing some
94: key you don't know about, you can always get out of the editor
95: and back to the shell by pressing ESC and typing ZZ (capital Z
96: two times in a row). These characters will not appear on the
97: screen, but they will get you out of vi.
98:
99: Now let's practice deleting characters with the x command. The
100: lines below from Shakespeare have several extraneous characters;
101: delete them by moving to the extraneous character, and typing x,
102: as if you wanted to "x" them out on a typewriter.
103:
104: Let me Nnot to the marBriage of trEue minds <---
105: admitV impediRAments.
106:
107: Good. Now try deleting a line with the dd command. Move down
108: to the line below, and type d twice in a row. The d's will not
109: appear on the screen, but the line will disappear.
110:
111: THiS liNe iS UggLy AnD wAnTs tO bE dELeTeD. <---
112:
113: Say you wanted to add a new line between two other lines. In
114: the famous quote below, the fourth line is missing. Just in case
115: you're not a John Donne fan, the fourth line is:
116:
117: And therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls,
118:
119: To open up a new line, move the cursor above where the new line
120: should go, type an o, which will move you onto the next line,
121: and then enter the text, ending with ESC (as with the a command).
122:
123: No man is an island entire of itself;
124: Every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main.
125: Any man's death dimishes me, because I am involved in mankind.
126: it tolls for thee.
127:
128: With these four commands, a x dd and o, you can do anything you
129: want. However, learning additional commands will make things
130: easier in the long run. For instance, to split the following
131: line in half, you could go to the comma, type: a RETURN ESC, but
132: it would be easier to go to the space after the comma and type
133: r RETURN. The r command replaces whatever is beneath the cursor
134: with whatever you type next.
135:
136: This is an extremely long line, and needs to be split after the comma.
137:
138: To join lines together again, go to the first line of the two
139: you wish to join, and issue the J command. (It must be a capital
140: J, because a small j is reserved for down arrow.)
141:
142: Two short lines
143: look better as one.
144:
145: ---------------------------------------------------------------
146: If you get into trouble: to exit from vi press ESC and type ZZ
147: ---------------------------------------------------------------
148:
149: One of the nicest features of vi is that it makes it possible to
150: combine movements and changes. If you want to delete a single word,
151: for instance, you could move to the word and type x over and over
152: until the word is gone. But it's easier to type dw -- which means
153: delete word. Try this on the extra word in Shelley's line below:
154:
155: I met a traveller traveller from an antique land
156:
157: If you want to change a word, rather than deleting it, you could
158: type cw instead of dw -- cw stands for change word. A dollar sign
159: will appear at the end of the word, and whatever you type, until
160: you press ESC, will replace the original word. Replace the word
161: "enormous" with Shelley's original word, "vast":
162:
163: Who said: Two enormous and trunkless legs of stone
164:
165: Many commands take arguments indicating their scope. It would be
166: painful to delete many lines unless this were the case. Delete
167: the three lines below by using the 3dd command, meaning, perform
168: the dd command three times:
169:
170: THiS liNe iS UggLy AnD wAnTs tO bE dELeTeD. <---
171: THiS liNe iS aLSo UggLy AnD wAnTs tO bE dELeTeD. <---
172: THiS liNe, tOo, iS UggLy AnD wAnTs tO bE dELeTeD. <---
173:
174: Good. Now you're really blasting away those lines. Don't forget
175: that the u command always undoes the last change. Try typing u
176: now, and see those 3 lines come back. Try u once more, and see
177: them disappear again. Undo is its own inverse.
178:
179: Oftentimes people who type quickly transpose characters. To fix
180: this problem, move to the first character of the transposed pair,
181: and issue an xp command -- this stands for x out and put. Mend
182: the word below, whose second and third characters are skewed:
183:
184: hpyerventilate
185:
186: That's it for this session. If you want to write your changes,
187: leave the editor with the ZZ command. If you want to leave your
188: text the way it was before, type :q! to quit without writing.
189: '%'
190: echo -n "Do you want to continue? "
191: if ($< !~ y*) then
192: echo "OK"
193: else
194: vi /tmp/hvi$$
195: endif
196: rm -f /tmp/hvi$$
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