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11: ..
12: .TH READNEWS 1 "October 22, 1986"
13: .ds ]W Version B 2.11
14: .SH NAME
15: readnews \- read news articles
16: .SH SYNOPSIS
17: .BR readnews " ["
18: .BI \-a " date"
19: ] [
20: .BI \-n " newsgroups"
21: ] [
22: .BI \-t " titles"
23: ] [
24: .BR \-leprxhfuM " ] ["
25: .BR \-c " ["
26: .IR mailer " ] ]"
27: .PP
28: .B "readnews \-s"
29: .PP
30: .B "readnews \-K"
31: .SH DESCRIPTION
32: .I Readnews
33: without argument prints unread articles.
34: There are several interfaces available other than the default:
35: .TP 10
36: Flag
37: Interface
38: .TP 10
39: .B \-M
40: An interface to
41: .IR mailx (1)
42: or
43: .IR Mail(1).
44: .TP 10
45: .B \-c
46: A
47: .IR binmail (1)\-like
48: interface.
49: .TP 10
50: .BI "\-c " ``mailer''
51: All selected articles written to a temporary file. Then the mailer is
52: invoked. The name of the temporary file is referenced with a
53: .Ch % .
54: Thus, ``mail \-f %'' will invoke mail on a temporary file consisting of all
55: selected messages.
56: .TP 10
57: .B \-p
58: All selected articles are sent to the standard output. No questions asked.
59: .TP 10
60: .B \-l
61: Only the titles output. The
62: .I .newsrc
63: file will not be updated.
64: .TP 10
65: .B \-e
66: Like
67: .B \-l
68: but also updates the
69: .I .newsrc
70: file.
71: .LP
72: The
73: .B \-r
74: flag causes the articles to be printed in reverse order. The
75: .B \-f
76: flag prevents any followup articles from being printed. The
77: .B \-h
78: flag causes articles to be printed in a less verbose format,
79: and is intended for terminals running at 300 baud.
80: The
81: .B \-u
82: flag causes the
83: .I .newsrc
84: file to be updated every 5 minutes,
85: in case of an unreliable system.
86: (Note that if the
87: .I .newsrc
88: file is updated,
89: the
90: .B x
91: command will not restore it to its original contents.)
92: .PP
93: The following flags determine the selection of articles.
94: .TP 10
95: .BI "\-n " newsgroups
96: Select all articles that belong to
97: .I newsgroups.
98: .TP 10
99: .BI "\-t " titles
100: Select all articles whose titles contain one of the strings specified by
101: .IR titles \&.
102: .TP 10
103: .BI "\-a " "\fR[\fP date \fR]\fP"
104: Select all articles that were posted past the given
105: .I date
106: (in
107: .IR getdate (3)
108: format).
109: .TP 10
110: .B \-x
111: Ignore
112: .I .newsrc
113: file. That is, select articles that have already been read as well as new ones.
114: .PP
115: .I Readnews
116: maintains a
117: .I .newsrc
118: file in the user's home directory that specifies all news articles
119: already read. It is updated at the end of each reading session in
120: which the
121: .BR \-x " or " \-l
122: options weren't specified.
123: If the environment variable
124: .B NEWSRC
125: is present, it should be the path
126: name of a file to be used in place of
127: .IR .newsrc \&.
128: .PP
129: If the user wishes, an options line may be placed in the
130: .I .newsrc
131: file.
132: This line starts with the word
133: .B options
134: (left justified) followed by the list of standard options just as
135: they would be typed on the command line. Such a list may include:
136: the
137: .B \-n
138: flag along with a newsgroup list; a favorite interface; and/or
139: the
140: .B \-r
141: or
142: .B \-t
143: flag. Continuation lines are specified by following lines
144: beginning with a space or tab character.
145: Similarly, options can be specified in the
146: .B NEWSOPTS
147: environment parameter. Where conflicts exist, option on the command
148: line take precedence, followed by the
149: .I .newsrc
150: .B options
151: line, and lastly the
152: .B NEWSOPTS
153: parameter.
154: .PP
155: You can use the
156: .B \-s
157: flag to print the newsgroup subscription list.
158: .PP
159: If you haven't read news in a while (or if you have never read news!)
160: you can do
161: .I "readnews \-K"
162: to Kill (mark as read) all of the articles in the groups to which
163: you are subscribed.
164: .PP
165: When the user uses the reply command of the default or
166: .IR binmail (1)
167: interfaces, the environment parameter
168: .B MAILER
169: will be used to determine
170: which mailer to use. The default is
171: .IR mail (1).
172: .PP
173: The user may specify a particular paging progam
174: for articles. The environment parameter
175: .B PAGER
176: should be set to
177: the paging program. The name of the article is referenced with
178: a
179: .Ch % ,
180: as in the
181: .B \-c
182: option. If no
183: .Ch %
184: is present, the article will be piped to the program.
185: Paging may be disabled by setting
186: .B PAGER
187: to a null value. By default, the pager is
188: .IR cat (1).
189: .SH "COMMANDS"
190: .PP
191: This section lists the commands you can type to the default and
192: .I binmail
193: interface prompts.
194: The default interface will suggest some common commands in brackets.
195: Just hitting return is the same as typing the first command.
196: For example, \*(Lq[ynq]\*(Rq means that the commands
197: .Ch y
198: (yes),
199: .Ch n
200: (no),
201: and
202: .Ch q
203: (quit) are common responses, and that
204: .Ch y
205: is the default.
206: .sp
207: .ta 2.5i
208: Command Meaning
209: .IP \fB\-\fP
210: Go back to last article.
211: This is a toggle, typing it twice returns you to the original article.
212: .IP \fB#\fP
213: Report the name and size of the newsgroup.
214: .IP \fB!\fP
215: Shell escape.
216: .IP "\fB<\fP\fImessage ID\fP\fB>\fP"
217: Look for a particular article.
218: (See
219: .I
220: Standard for Interchange of Usenet Messages
221: for a description of message ID's).
222: .IP \fBb\fP
223: Back. Back up one article.
224: .IP \fBc\fP
225: Cancel the article. Only the author or the super user can do this.
226: .IP \fBd\fP
227: Read a digest. Breaks up a digest into separate articles
228: and permits you to read and reply to each piece.
229: .IP \fBD\fP [\fInumber\fP]
230: Decrypt. Invokes a Caesar decoding program on the body of the message.
231: This is used to decrypt rotated jokes posted to
232: .BR rec.humor .
233: Such jokes are usually obscene or otherwise offensive to some
234: groups of people, and so are rotated to avoid accidental
235: decryption by people who would be offended.
236: The title of the joke should indicate the nature of the problem,
237: enabling people to decide whether to decrypt it or not.
238: .IP
239: An explicit
240: .I number
241: rotation (usually 13) may be given to force a particular shift.
242: .IP \fBe\fP
243: Erase. Forget that this article was read.
244: .IP "\fBf\fP [\fItitle\fP]"
245: Submit a follow up article.
246: Normally you should leave off the title, since the system will generate
247: one for you.
248: You will be placed in your
249: .B EDITOR
250: to compose the text of the followup.
251: .IP "\fBfd\fP"
252: Followup directly, without edited headers. This is like
253: .BR f ,
254: but the headers of the article are not included in the editor buffer.
255: .IP \fBh\fP
256: Header. Print a more verbose header.
257: .IP \fBH\fP
258: Print a very verbose header, containing all known information
259: about the article.
260: .IP \fBK\fP
261: Kill. Mark all remaining articles in this newsgroup as read
262: and skip to the next newsgroup.
263: .IP \fBn\fP
264: No. Goes on to next article without printing current one.
265: In the
266: .I binmail
267: interface, this means \*(Lqgo on to the next article\*(Rq,
268: which will have the same effect as
269: .B y
270: or just hitting return.
271: .IP "\fBN\fP [\fInewsgroup\fP]"
272: Next Newsgroup.
273: Go to the next newsgroup or named newsgroup.
274: .IP \fBp\fP
275: Print. Reprint previous article.
276: .IP \fBP\fP
277: Previous Newsgroup. Go back to previous newsgroup.
278: .IP \fBq\fP
279: Quit. The
280: .I .newsrc
281: file will be updated if
282: .B \-l
283: or
284: .B \-x
285: were not on the command line.
286: .IP r
287: Reply. Reply to article's author via
288: .IR mail \&.
289: You are placed in your
290: .B EDITOR
291: (by default
292: .IR vi (1))
293: with a header specifying
294: \&\*(LqTo\*(Rq, \*(LqSubject\*(Rq, and \*(LqReferences\*(Rq
295: lines taken from the message.
296: You may change or add headers, as appropriate.
297: You add the text of the reply after the blank line, and then exit
298: the editor. The resulting message is mailed to the author of the article.
299: .IP \fBrd\fP
300: Reply directly.
301: You are placed in
302: .B MAILER
303: .RI ( mail
304: by default) in reply to the author.
305: Type the text of the reply and then control-D.
306: .IP "\fBs\fP [\fIfile\fP]"
307: Save. The article is appended to the named file.
308: The default is
309: .IR Articles \&.
310: If the first character of the file name is
311: .Ch | ,
312: the rest of the file name is taken as the name of a program,
313: which is executed with the text of the article as standard input.
314: If the first character of the file name is
315: .Ch / ,
316: it is
317: taken as a full path name of a file.
318: If
319: .B NEWSBOX
320: (in the environment) is set to a full path name,
321: and the file contains no
322: .Ch / ,
323: the file is saved in
324: .BR NEWSBOX .
325: Otherwise, it is saved relative to
326: .BR HOME .
327: .IP \fBU\fP
328: Unsubscribe from this newsgroup. Also goes on to the next newsgroup.
329: .IP \fBv\fP
330: Print the current version of the news software.
331: .IP \fBw\fP
332: Same as
333: .BR s .
334: .IP \fBx\fP
335: Exit. Like quit except that
336: .I .newsrc
337: is not updated.
338: .IP "\fBX\fP \fIsystem\fP"
339: Transmit article to the named system.
340: .IP \fBy\fP
341: Yes. Prints current article and goes on to next.
342: .IP \fInumber\fP
343: Go to \fInumber\fP.
344: .IP \fB+\fP[\fIn\fP]
345: Skip
346: .I n
347: articles.
348: The articles skipped are recorded as ``unread'' and will be
349: offered to you again the next time you read news.
350: .PP
351: The commands
352: .BR c ,
353: .BR f ,
354: .BR fd ,
355: .BR r ,
356: .BR rd ,
357: .BR e ,
358: .BR h ,
359: .BR H ,
360: and
361: .B s
362: can be followed by
363: .BR \- 's
364: to refer to the previous article.
365: Thus, when replying to an article using the default interface,
366: you should normally type
367: .B r\-
368: (or
369: .BR re- )
370: since by the time you enter
371: a command, you are being offered the next article.
372: .SH EXAMPLES
373: .TP 10
374: .B readnews
375: Read all unread articles using the default interface. The
376: .I .newsrc
377: file is updated at the end of the session.
378: .TP 10
379: .B readnews \-c ``ed %'' \-l
380: Invoke the
381: .IR ed (1)
382: text editor on a file containing the titles of all unread articles. The
383: .I .newsrc
384: file is
385: .B not
386: updated at the end of the session.
387: .TP 10
388: .B readnews \-n all !talk \-M \-r
389: Read all unread articles except articles whose newsgroups begin with
390: .B talk.
391: via
392: .I mailx
393: in reverse order. The
394: .I .newsrc
395: file is updated at the end of the session.
396: .TP 10
397: .B "readnews \-p \-n all \-a last thursday"
398: Print every unread article since last Thursday. The
399: .I .newsrc
400: file is
401: updated at the end of the session.
402: .TP 10
403: .B "readnews \-K"
404: Discard all unread news.
405: This is useful after returning from a long trip.
406: .SH "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"
407: .IP \fBEDITOR\fP
408: Editor invoked by
409: .B f
410: command. (Default is
411: .IR /usr/ucb/vi .)
412: .IP \fBMAILER\fP
413: Mailing program invoked by the
414: .B r
415: command. (Default is
416: .IR /bin/mail .)
417: .IP \fBNAME\fP
418: Your full name used in header of articles posted by you. (Default is
419: the comments field of your id in
420: .IR /etc/passwd .)
421: .IP \fBNEWSBOX\fP
422: File or directory where articles saved with the
423: .B s
424: command are stored.
425: (Default is same as
426: .BR HOME .)
427: .IP \fBNEWSOPTS\fP
428: Options for \fIreadnews\fR.
429: .IP \fBORGANIZATION\fP
430: Full name of this site used header of articles posted by you.
431: .IP \fBPAGER\fP
432: Paging program invoked by articles with more than 16 lines. (Default
433: is
434: .IR /usr/ucb/more .)
435: .IP \fBSHELL\fP
436: The shell invoked by the
437: .B !
438: command. (Default is
439: .IR /bin/sh .)
440: .SH FILES
441: .PD 0
442: .TP 25
443: .RI /usr/spool/news/ newsgroup / number
444: News articles
445: .TP 25
446: /usr/lib/news/active
447: Active newsgroups and numbers of articles
448: .TP 25
449: /usr/lib/news/help
450: Help file for default interface
451: .TP 25
452: ~/.newsrc
453: Options and list of previously read articles
454: .PD
455: .SH SEE ALSO
456: binmail(1),
457: checknews(1),
458: inews(8),
459: mail(1),
460: mailx(1),
461: news(5),
462: newsrc(5)
463: postnews(1),
464: vnews(1),
465: getdate(3),
466: news(5),
467: newsrc(5),
468: expire(8),
469: recnews(8),
470: sendnews(8),
471: uurec(8)
472: .br
473: .I
474: How to Read the Network News
475: by Mark Horton.
476: .br
477: .I
478: Standard for Interchange of Usenet Messages
479: by Mark Horton.
480: .SH AUTHORS
481: Matt Glickman
482: .br
483: Mark Horton
484: .br
485: Stephen Daniel
486: .br
487: Tom R. Truscott
488:
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