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1.1 ! root 1: /* ! 2: * Copyright (c) 1982, 1986 Regents of the University of California. ! 3: * All rights reserved. ! 4: * ! 5: * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted ! 6: * provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are ! 7: * duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation, ! 8: * advertising materials, and other materials related to such ! 9: * distribution and use acknowledge that the software was developed ! 10: * by the University of California, Berkeley. The name of the ! 11: * University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived ! 12: * from this software without specific prior written permission. ! 13: * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR ! 14: * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED ! 15: * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ! 16: * ! 17: * @(#)fs.h 7.6 (Berkeley) 6/27/88 ! 18: */ ! 19: ! 20: /* ! 21: * Each disk drive contains some number of file systems. ! 22: * A file system consists of a number of cylinder groups. ! 23: * Each cylinder group has inodes and data. ! 24: * ! 25: * A file system is described by its super-block, which in turn ! 26: * describes the cylinder groups. The super-block is critical ! 27: * data and is replicated in each cylinder group to protect against ! 28: * catastrophic loss. This is done at `newfs' time and the critical ! 29: * super-block data does not change, so the copies need not be ! 30: * referenced further unless disaster strikes. ! 31: * ! 32: * For file system fs, the offsets of the various blocks of interest ! 33: * are given in the super block as: ! 34: * [fs->fs_sblkno] Super-block ! 35: * [fs->fs_cblkno] Cylinder group block ! 36: * [fs->fs_iblkno] Inode blocks ! 37: * [fs->fs_dblkno] Data blocks ! 38: * The beginning of cylinder group cg in fs, is given by ! 39: * the ``cgbase(fs, cg)'' macro. ! 40: * ! 41: * The first boot and super blocks are given in absolute disk addresses. ! 42: * The byte-offset forms are preferred, as they don't imply a sector size. ! 43: */ ! 44: #define BBSIZE 8192 ! 45: #define SBSIZE 8192 ! 46: #define BBOFF ((off_t)(0)) ! 47: #define SBOFF ((off_t)(BBOFF + BBSIZE)) ! 48: #define BBLOCK ((daddr_t)(0)) ! 49: #define SBLOCK ((daddr_t)(BBLOCK + BBSIZE / DEV_BSIZE)) ! 50: ! 51: /* ! 52: * Addresses stored in inodes are capable of addressing fragments ! 53: * of `blocks'. File system blocks of at most size MAXBSIZE can ! 54: * be optionally broken into 2, 4, or 8 pieces, each of which is ! 55: * addressible; these pieces may be DEV_BSIZE, or some multiple of ! 56: * a DEV_BSIZE unit. ! 57: * ! 58: * Large files consist of exclusively large data blocks. To avoid ! 59: * undue wasted disk space, the last data block of a small file may be ! 60: * allocated as only as many fragments of a large block as are ! 61: * necessary. The file system format retains only a single pointer ! 62: * to such a fragment, which is a piece of a single large block that ! 63: * has been divided. The size of such a fragment is determinable from ! 64: * information in the inode, using the ``blksize(fs, ip, lbn)'' macro. ! 65: * ! 66: * The file system records space availability at the fragment level; ! 67: * to determine block availability, aligned fragments are examined. ! 68: * ! 69: * The root inode is the root of the file system. ! 70: * Inode 0 can't be used for normal purposes and ! 71: * historically bad blocks were linked to inode 1, ! 72: * thus the root inode is 2. (inode 1 is no longer used for ! 73: * this purpose, however numerous dump tapes make this ! 74: * assumption, so we are stuck with it) ! 75: */ ! 76: #define ROOTINO ((ino_t)2) /* i number of all roots */ ! 77: ! 78: /* ! 79: * MINBSIZE is the smallest allowable block size. ! 80: * In order to insure that it is possible to create files of size ! 81: * 2^32 with only two levels of indirection, MINBSIZE is set to 4096. ! 82: * MINBSIZE must be big enough to hold a cylinder group block, ! 83: * thus changes to (struct cg) must keep its size within MINBSIZE. ! 84: * Note that super blocks are always of size SBSIZE, ! 85: * and that both SBSIZE and MAXBSIZE must be >= MINBSIZE. ! 86: */ ! 87: #define MINBSIZE 4096 ! 88: ! 89: /* ! 90: * The path name on which the file system is mounted is maintained ! 91: * in fs_fsmnt. MAXMNTLEN defines the amount of space allocated in ! 92: * the super block for this name. ! 93: * The limit on the amount of summary information per file system ! 94: * is defined by MAXCSBUFS. It is currently parameterized for a ! 95: * maximum of two million cylinders. ! 96: */ ! 97: #define MAXMNTLEN 512 ! 98: #define MAXCSBUFS 32 ! 99: ! 100: /* ! 101: * Per cylinder group information; summarized in blocks allocated ! 102: * from first cylinder group data blocks. These blocks have to be ! 103: * read in from fs_csaddr (size fs_cssize) in addition to the ! 104: * super block. ! 105: * ! 106: * N.B. sizeof(struct csum) must be a power of two in order for ! 107: * the ``fs_cs'' macro to work (see below). ! 108: */ ! 109: struct csum { ! 110: long cs_ndir; /* number of directories */ ! 111: long cs_nbfree; /* number of free blocks */ ! 112: long cs_nifree; /* number of free inodes */ ! 113: long cs_nffree; /* number of free frags */ ! 114: }; ! 115: ! 116: /* ! 117: * Super block for a file system. ! 118: */ ! 119: #define FS_MAGIC 0x011954 ! 120: struct fs ! 121: { ! 122: struct fs *fs_link; /* linked list of file systems */ ! 123: struct fs *fs_rlink; /* used for incore super blocks */ ! 124: daddr_t fs_sblkno; /* addr of super-block in filesys */ ! 125: daddr_t fs_cblkno; /* offset of cyl-block in filesys */ ! 126: daddr_t fs_iblkno; /* offset of inode-blocks in filesys */ ! 127: daddr_t fs_dblkno; /* offset of first data after cg */ ! 128: long fs_cgoffset; /* cylinder group offset in cylinder */ ! 129: long fs_cgmask; /* used to calc mod fs_ntrak */ ! 130: time_t fs_time; /* last time written */ ! 131: long fs_size; /* number of blocks in fs */ ! 132: long fs_dsize; /* number of data blocks in fs */ ! 133: long fs_ncg; /* number of cylinder groups */ ! 134: long fs_bsize; /* size of basic blocks in fs */ ! 135: long fs_fsize; /* size of frag blocks in fs */ ! 136: long fs_frag; /* number of frags in a block in fs */ ! 137: /* these are configuration parameters */ ! 138: long fs_minfree; /* minimum percentage of free blocks */ ! 139: long fs_rotdelay; /* num of ms for optimal next block */ ! 140: long fs_rps; /* disk revolutions per second */ ! 141: /* these fields can be computed from the others */ ! 142: long fs_bmask; /* ``blkoff'' calc of blk offsets */ ! 143: long fs_fmask; /* ``fragoff'' calc of frag offsets */ ! 144: long fs_bshift; /* ``lblkno'' calc of logical blkno */ ! 145: long fs_fshift; /* ``numfrags'' calc number of frags */ ! 146: /* these are configuration parameters */ ! 147: long fs_maxcontig; /* max number of contiguous blks */ ! 148: long fs_maxbpg; /* max number of blks per cyl group */ ! 149: /* these fields can be computed from the others */ ! 150: long fs_fragshift; /* block to frag shift */ ! 151: long fs_fsbtodb; /* fsbtodb and dbtofsb shift constant */ ! 152: long fs_sbsize; /* actual size of super block */ ! 153: long fs_csmask; /* csum block offset */ ! 154: long fs_csshift; /* csum block number */ ! 155: long fs_nindir; /* value of NINDIR */ ! 156: long fs_inopb; /* value of INOPB */ ! 157: long fs_nspf; /* value of NSPF */ ! 158: /* yet another configuration parameter */ ! 159: long fs_optim; /* optimization preference, see below */ ! 160: /* these fields are derived from the hardware */ ! 161: long fs_npsect; /* # sectors/track including spares */ ! 162: long fs_interleave; /* hardware sector interleave */ ! 163: long fs_trackskew; /* sector 0 skew, per track */ ! 164: long fs_headswitch; /* head switch time, usec */ ! 165: long fs_trkseek; /* track-to-track seek, usec */ ! 166: /* sizes determined by number of cylinder groups and their sizes */ ! 167: daddr_t fs_csaddr; /* blk addr of cyl grp summary area */ ! 168: long fs_cssize; /* size of cyl grp summary area */ ! 169: long fs_cgsize; /* cylinder group size */ ! 170: /* these fields are derived from the hardware */ ! 171: long fs_ntrak; /* tracks per cylinder */ ! 172: long fs_nsect; /* sectors per track */ ! 173: long fs_spc; /* sectors per cylinder */ ! 174: /* this comes from the disk driver partitioning */ ! 175: long fs_ncyl; /* cylinders in file system */ ! 176: /* these fields can be computed from the others */ ! 177: long fs_cpg; /* cylinders per group */ ! 178: long fs_ipg; /* inodes per group */ ! 179: long fs_fpg; /* blocks per group * fs_frag */ ! 180: /* this data must be re-computed after crashes */ ! 181: struct csum fs_cstotal; /* cylinder summary information */ ! 182: /* these fields are cleared at mount time */ ! 183: char fs_fmod; /* super block modified flag */ ! 184: char fs_clean; /* file system is clean flag */ ! 185: char fs_ronly; /* mounted read-only flag */ ! 186: char fs_flags; /* currently unused flag */ ! 187: char fs_fsmnt[MAXMNTLEN]; /* name mounted on */ ! 188: /* these fields retain the current block allocation info */ ! 189: long fs_cgrotor; /* last cg searched */ ! 190: struct csum *fs_csp[MAXCSBUFS];/* list of fs_cs info buffers */ ! 191: long fs_cpc; /* cyl per cycle in postbl */ ! 192: short fs_opostbl[16][8]; /* old rotation block list head */ ! 193: long fs_sparecon[56]; /* reserved for future constants */ ! 194: quad fs_qbmask; /* ~fs_bmask - for use with quad size */ ! 195: quad fs_qfmask; /* ~fs_fmask - for use with quad size */ ! 196: long fs_postblformat; /* format of positional layout tables */ ! 197: long fs_nrpos; /* number of rotaional positions */ ! 198: long fs_postbloff; /* (short) rotation block list head */ ! 199: long fs_rotbloff; /* (u_char) blocks for each rotation */ ! 200: long fs_magic; /* magic number */ ! 201: u_char fs_space[1]; /* list of blocks for each rotation */ ! 202: /* actually longer */ ! 203: }; ! 204: /* ! 205: * Preference for optimization. ! 206: */ ! 207: #define FS_OPTTIME 0 /* minimize allocation time */ ! 208: #define FS_OPTSPACE 1 /* minimize disk fragmentation */ ! 209: ! 210: /* ! 211: * Rotational layout table format types ! 212: */ ! 213: #define FS_42POSTBLFMT -1 /* 4.2BSD rotational table format */ ! 214: #define FS_DYNAMICPOSTBLFMT 1 /* dynamic rotational table format */ ! 215: /* ! 216: * Macros for access to superblock array structures ! 217: */ ! 218: #define fs_postbl(fs, cylno) \ ! 219: (((fs)->fs_postblformat == FS_42POSTBLFMT) \ ! 220: ? ((fs)->fs_opostbl[cylno]) \ ! 221: : ((short *)((char *)(fs) + (fs)->fs_postbloff) + (cylno) * (fs)->fs_nrpos)) ! 222: #define fs_rotbl(fs) \ ! 223: (((fs)->fs_postblformat == FS_42POSTBLFMT) \ ! 224: ? ((fs)->fs_space) \ ! 225: : ((u_char *)((char *)(fs) + (fs)->fs_rotbloff))) ! 226: ! 227: /* ! 228: * Convert cylinder group to base address of its global summary info. ! 229: * ! 230: * N.B. This macro assumes that sizeof(struct csum) is a power of two. ! 231: */ ! 232: #define fs_cs(fs, indx) \ ! 233: fs_csp[(indx) >> (fs)->fs_csshift][(indx) & ~(fs)->fs_csmask] ! 234: ! 235: /* ! 236: * Cylinder group block for a file system. ! 237: */ ! 238: #define CG_MAGIC 0x090255 ! 239: struct cg { ! 240: struct cg *cg_link; /* linked list of cyl groups */ ! 241: long cg_magic; /* magic number */ ! 242: time_t cg_time; /* time last written */ ! 243: long cg_cgx; /* we are the cgx'th cylinder group */ ! 244: short cg_ncyl; /* number of cyl's this cg */ ! 245: short cg_niblk; /* number of inode blocks this cg */ ! 246: long cg_ndblk; /* number of data blocks this cg */ ! 247: struct csum cg_cs; /* cylinder summary information */ ! 248: long cg_rotor; /* position of last used block */ ! 249: long cg_frotor; /* position of last used frag */ ! 250: long cg_irotor; /* position of last used inode */ ! 251: long cg_frsum[MAXFRAG]; /* counts of available frags */ ! 252: long cg_btotoff; /* (long) block totals per cylinder */ ! 253: long cg_boff; /* (short) free block positions */ ! 254: long cg_iusedoff; /* (char) used inode map */ ! 255: long cg_freeoff; /* (u_char) free block map */ ! 256: long cg_nextfreeoff; /* (u_char) next available space */ ! 257: long cg_sparecon[16]; /* reserved for future use */ ! 258: u_char cg_space[1]; /* space for cylinder group maps */ ! 259: /* actually longer */ ! 260: }; ! 261: /* ! 262: * Macros for access to cylinder group array structures ! 263: */ ! 264: #define cg_blktot(cgp) \ ! 265: (((cgp)->cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) \ ! 266: ? (((struct ocg *)(cgp))->cg_btot) \ ! 267: : ((long *)((char *)(cgp) + (cgp)->cg_btotoff))) ! 268: #define cg_blks(fs, cgp, cylno) \ ! 269: (((cgp)->cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) \ ! 270: ? (((struct ocg *)(cgp))->cg_b[cylno]) \ ! 271: : ((short *)((char *)(cgp) + (cgp)->cg_boff) + (cylno) * (fs)->fs_nrpos)) ! 272: #define cg_inosused(cgp) \ ! 273: (((cgp)->cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) \ ! 274: ? (((struct ocg *)(cgp))->cg_iused) \ ! 275: : ((char *)((char *)(cgp) + (cgp)->cg_iusedoff))) ! 276: #define cg_blksfree(cgp) \ ! 277: (((cgp)->cg_magic != CG_MAGIC) \ ! 278: ? (((struct ocg *)(cgp))->cg_free) \ ! 279: : ((u_char *)((char *)(cgp) + (cgp)->cg_freeoff))) ! 280: #define cg_chkmagic(cgp) \ ! 281: ((cgp)->cg_magic == CG_MAGIC || ((struct ocg *)(cgp))->cg_magic == CG_MAGIC) ! 282: ! 283: /* ! 284: * The following structure is defined ! 285: * for compatibility with old file systems. ! 286: */ ! 287: struct ocg { ! 288: struct ocg *cg_link; /* linked list of cyl groups */ ! 289: struct ocg *cg_rlink; /* used for incore cyl groups */ ! 290: time_t cg_time; /* time last written */ ! 291: long cg_cgx; /* we are the cgx'th cylinder group */ ! 292: short cg_ncyl; /* number of cyl's this cg */ ! 293: short cg_niblk; /* number of inode blocks this cg */ ! 294: long cg_ndblk; /* number of data blocks this cg */ ! 295: struct csum cg_cs; /* cylinder summary information */ ! 296: long cg_rotor; /* position of last used block */ ! 297: long cg_frotor; /* position of last used frag */ ! 298: long cg_irotor; /* position of last used inode */ ! 299: long cg_frsum[8]; /* counts of available frags */ ! 300: long cg_btot[32]; /* block totals per cylinder */ ! 301: short cg_b[32][8]; /* positions of free blocks */ ! 302: char cg_iused[256]; /* used inode map */ ! 303: long cg_magic; /* magic number */ ! 304: u_char cg_free[1]; /* free block map */ ! 305: /* actually longer */ ! 306: }; ! 307: ! 308: /* ! 309: * Turn file system block numbers into disk block addresses. ! 310: * This maps file system blocks to device size blocks. ! 311: */ ! 312: #define fsbtodb(fs, b) ((b) << (fs)->fs_fsbtodb) ! 313: #define dbtofsb(fs, b) ((b) >> (fs)->fs_fsbtodb) ! 314: ! 315: /* ! 316: * Cylinder group macros to locate things in cylinder groups. ! 317: * They calc file system addresses of cylinder group data structures. ! 318: */ ! 319: #define cgbase(fs, c) ((daddr_t)((fs)->fs_fpg * (c))) ! 320: #define cgstart(fs, c) \ ! 321: (cgbase(fs, c) + (fs)->fs_cgoffset * ((c) & ~((fs)->fs_cgmask))) ! 322: #define cgsblock(fs, c) (cgstart(fs, c) + (fs)->fs_sblkno) /* super blk */ ! 323: #define cgtod(fs, c) (cgstart(fs, c) + (fs)->fs_cblkno) /* cg block */ ! 324: #define cgimin(fs, c) (cgstart(fs, c) + (fs)->fs_iblkno) /* inode blk */ ! 325: #define cgdmin(fs, c) (cgstart(fs, c) + (fs)->fs_dblkno) /* 1st data */ ! 326: ! 327: /* ! 328: * Macros for handling inode numbers: ! 329: * inode number to file system block offset. ! 330: * inode number to cylinder group number. ! 331: * inode number to file system block address. ! 332: */ ! 333: #define itoo(fs, x) ((x) % INOPB(fs)) ! 334: #define itog(fs, x) ((x) / (fs)->fs_ipg) ! 335: #define itod(fs, x) \ ! 336: ((daddr_t)(cgimin(fs, itog(fs, x)) + \ ! 337: (blkstofrags((fs), (((x) % (fs)->fs_ipg) / INOPB(fs)))))) ! 338: ! 339: /* ! 340: * Give cylinder group number for a file system block. ! 341: * Give cylinder group block number for a file system block. ! 342: */ ! 343: #define dtog(fs, d) ((d) / (fs)->fs_fpg) ! 344: #define dtogd(fs, d) ((d) % (fs)->fs_fpg) ! 345: ! 346: /* ! 347: * Extract the bits for a block from a map. ! 348: * Compute the cylinder and rotational position of a cyl block addr. ! 349: */ ! 350: #define blkmap(fs, map, loc) \ ! 351: (((map)[(loc) / NBBY] >> ((loc) % NBBY)) & (0xff >> (NBBY - (fs)->fs_frag))) ! 352: #define cbtocylno(fs, bno) \ ! 353: ((bno) * NSPF(fs) / (fs)->fs_spc) ! 354: #define cbtorpos(fs, bno) \ ! 355: (((bno) * NSPF(fs) % (fs)->fs_spc / (fs)->fs_nsect * (fs)->fs_trackskew + \ ! 356: (bno) * NSPF(fs) % (fs)->fs_spc % (fs)->fs_nsect * (fs)->fs_interleave) % \ ! 357: (fs)->fs_nsect * (fs)->fs_nrpos / (fs)->fs_npsect) ! 358: ! 359: /* ! 360: * The following macros optimize certain frequently calculated ! 361: * quantities by using shifts and masks in place of divisions ! 362: * modulos and multiplications. ! 363: */ ! 364: #define blkoff(fs, loc) /* calculates (loc % fs->fs_bsize) */ \ ! 365: ((loc) & ~(fs)->fs_bmask) ! 366: #define fragoff(fs, loc) /* calculates (loc % fs->fs_fsize) */ \ ! 367: ((loc) & ~(fs)->fs_fmask) ! 368: #define lblkno(fs, loc) /* calculates (loc / fs->fs_bsize) */ \ ! 369: ((loc) >> (fs)->fs_bshift) ! 370: #define numfrags(fs, loc) /* calculates (loc / fs->fs_fsize) */ \ ! 371: ((loc) >> (fs)->fs_fshift) ! 372: #define blkroundup(fs, size) /* calculates roundup(size, fs->fs_bsize) */ \ ! 373: (((size) + (fs)->fs_bsize - 1) & (fs)->fs_bmask) ! 374: #define fragroundup(fs, size) /* calculates roundup(size, fs->fs_fsize) */ \ ! 375: (((size) + (fs)->fs_fsize - 1) & (fs)->fs_fmask) ! 376: #define fragstoblks(fs, frags) /* calculates (frags / fs->fs_frag) */ \ ! 377: ((frags) >> (fs)->fs_fragshift) ! 378: #define blkstofrags(fs, blks) /* calculates (blks * fs->fs_frag) */ \ ! 379: ((blks) << (fs)->fs_fragshift) ! 380: #define fragnum(fs, fsb) /* calculates (fsb % fs->fs_frag) */ \ ! 381: ((fsb) & ((fs)->fs_frag - 1)) ! 382: #define blknum(fs, fsb) /* calculates rounddown(fsb, fs->fs_frag) */ \ ! 383: ((fsb) &~ ((fs)->fs_frag - 1)) ! 384: ! 385: /* ! 386: * Determine the number of available frags given a ! 387: * percentage to hold in reserve ! 388: */ ! 389: #define freespace(fs, percentreserved) \ ! 390: (blkstofrags((fs), (fs)->fs_cstotal.cs_nbfree) + \ ! 391: (fs)->fs_cstotal.cs_nffree - ((fs)->fs_dsize * (percentreserved) / 100)) ! 392: ! 393: /* ! 394: * Determining the size of a file block in the file system. ! 395: */ ! 396: #define blksize(fs, ip, lbn) \ ! 397: (((lbn) >= NDADDR || (ip)->i_size >= ((lbn) + 1) << (fs)->fs_bshift) \ ! 398: ? (fs)->fs_bsize \ ! 399: : (fragroundup(fs, blkoff(fs, (ip)->i_size)))) ! 400: #define dblksize(fs, dip, lbn) \ ! 401: (((lbn) >= NDADDR || (dip)->di_size >= ((lbn) + 1) << (fs)->fs_bshift) \ ! 402: ? (fs)->fs_bsize \ ! 403: : (fragroundup(fs, blkoff(fs, (dip)->di_size)))) ! 404: ! 405: /* ! 406: * Number of disk sectors per block; assumes DEV_BSIZE byte sector size. ! 407: */ ! 408: #define NSPB(fs) ((fs)->fs_nspf << (fs)->fs_fragshift) ! 409: #define NSPF(fs) ((fs)->fs_nspf) ! 410: ! 411: /* ! 412: * INOPB is the number of inodes in a secondary storage block. ! 413: */ ! 414: #define INOPB(fs) ((fs)->fs_inopb) ! 415: #define INOPF(fs) ((fs)->fs_inopb >> (fs)->fs_fragshift) ! 416: ! 417: /* ! 418: * NINDIR is the number of indirects in a file system block. ! 419: */ ! 420: #define NINDIR(fs) ((fs)->fs_nindir) ! 421: ! 422: #ifdef KERNEL ! 423: struct fs *getfs(); ! 424: struct fs *mountfs(); ! 425: #endif
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