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1.1 root 1: @node Copying 1.1.1.2 ! root 2: @unnumbered GNU General Public License 1.1 root 3: @cindex GPL, GNU General Public License 4: @center Version 2, June 1991 5: 1.1.1.2 ! root 6: @c This file is intended to be included in another file. ! 7: 1.1 root 8: @display 9: Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 1.1.1.2 ! root 10: 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA 1.1 root 11: 12: Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 13: of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 14: @end display 15: 1.1.1.2 ! root 16: @heading Preamble 1.1 root 17: 18: The licenses for most software are designed to take away your 19: freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public 20: License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free 21: software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. This 22: General Public License applies to most of the Free Software 23: Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to 24: using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by 1.1.1.2 ! root 25: the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.) You can apply it to 1.1 root 26: your programs, too. 27: 28: When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not 29: price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you 30: have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for 31: this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it 32: if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it 33: in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. 34: 35: To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid 36: anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. 37: These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you 38: distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. 39: 40: For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether 41: gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that 42: you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the 43: source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their 44: rights. 45: 46: We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and 47: (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, 48: distribute and/or modify the software. 49: 50: Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain 51: that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free 52: software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we 53: want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so 54: that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original 55: authors' reputations. 56: 57: Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software 58: patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free 59: program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the 60: program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any 61: patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. 62: 63: The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and 64: modification follow. 65: 1.1.1.2 ! root 66: @heading TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 1.1 root 67: 1.1.1.2 ! root 68: @enumerate 0 1.1 root 69: @item 70: This License applies to any program or other work which contains 71: a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed 72: under the terms of this General Public License. The ``Program'', below, 73: refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based on the Program'' 74: means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: 75: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, 76: either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another 77: language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in 78: the term ``modification''.) Each licensee is addressed as ``you''. 79: 80: Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not 81: covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of 82: running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program 83: is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the 84: Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). 85: Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. 86: 87: @item 88: You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's 89: source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you 90: conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate 91: copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the 92: notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; 93: and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License 94: along with the Program. 95: 96: You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and 97: you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. 98: 99: @item 100: You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion 101: of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and 102: distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 103: above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: 104: 105: @enumerate a 106: @item 107: You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices 108: stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. 109: 110: @item 111: You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in 112: whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any 113: part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third 114: parties under the terms of this License. 115: 116: @item 117: If the modified program normally reads commands interactively 118: when run, you must cause it, when started running for such 119: interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an 120: announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a 121: notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide 122: a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under 123: these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this 124: License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but 125: does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on 126: the Program is not required to print an announcement.) 127: @end enumerate 128: 129: These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If 130: identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, 131: and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in 132: themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those 133: sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you 134: distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based 135: on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of 136: this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the 137: entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. 138: 139: Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest 140: your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to 141: exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or 142: collective works based on the Program. 143: 144: In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program 145: with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of 146: a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under 147: the scope of this License. 148: 149: @item 150: You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, 151: under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of 152: Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: 153: 154: @enumerate a 155: @item 156: Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable 157: source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 158: 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, 159: 160: @item 161: Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three 162: years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your 163: cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete 164: machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be 165: distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium 166: customarily used for software interchange; or, 167: 168: @item 169: Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer 170: to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is 171: allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you 172: received the program in object code or executable form with such 173: an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) 174: @end enumerate 175: 176: The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for 177: making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source 178: code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any 179: associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to 180: control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a 181: special exception, the source code distributed need not include 182: anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary 183: form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the 184: operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component 185: itself accompanies the executable. 186: 187: If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering 188: access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent 189: access to copy the source code from the same place counts as 190: distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not 191: compelled to copy the source along with the object code. 192: 193: @item 194: You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program 195: except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt 196: otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is 197: void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. 198: However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under 199: this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such 200: parties remain in full compliance. 201: 202: @item 203: You are not required to accept this License, since you have not 204: signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or 205: distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are 206: prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by 207: modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the 208: Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and 209: all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying 210: the Program or works based on it. 211: 212: @item 213: Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the 214: Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the 215: original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to 216: these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further 217: restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. 218: You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to 219: this License. 220: 221: @item 222: If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent 223: infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), 224: conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or 225: otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not 226: excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot 227: distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this 228: License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you 229: may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent 230: license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by 231: all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then 232: the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to 233: refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. 234: 235: If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under 236: any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to 237: apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other 238: circumstances. 239: 240: It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any 241: patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any 242: such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the 243: integrity of the free software distribution system, which is 244: implemented by public license practices. Many people have made 245: generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed 246: through that system in reliance on consistent application of that 247: system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing 248: to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot 249: impose that choice. 250: 251: This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to 252: be a consequence of the rest of this License. 253: 254: @item 255: If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in 256: certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the 257: original copyright holder who places the Program under this License 258: may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding 259: those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among 260: countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates 261: the limitation as if written in the body of this License. 262: 263: @item 264: The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions 265: of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will 266: be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 267: address new problems or concerns. 268: 269: Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program 270: specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and ``any 271: later version'', you have the option of following the terms and conditions 272: either of that version or of any later version published by the Free 273: Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of 274: this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software 275: Foundation. 276: 277: @item 278: If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free 279: programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author 280: to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free 281: Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes 282: make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals 283: of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and 284: of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. 285: 1.1.1.2 ! root 286: @item NO WARRANTY 1.1 root 287: 288: BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY 289: FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN 290: OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES 291: PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED 292: OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 293: MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS 294: TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE 295: PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, 296: REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 297: 298: @item 299: IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 300: WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR 301: REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, 302: INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING 303: OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED 304: TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY 305: YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER 306: PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE 307: POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. 308: @end enumerate 309: 310: @iftex 311: @heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 312: @end iftex 313: @ifinfo 314: @center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 1.1.1.2 ! root 315: 1.1 root 316: @end ifinfo 317: 318: @page 1.1.1.2 ! root 319: @heading Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 1.1 root 320: 321: If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 322: possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 323: free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 324: 325: To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 326: to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 327: convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 328: the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 329: 330: @smallexample 1.1.1.2 ! root 331: @var{one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.} ! 332: Copyright (C) @var{yyyy} @var{name of author} 1.1 root 333: 1.1.1.2 ! root 334: This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify ! 335: it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by ! 336: the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or ! 337: (at your option) any later version. 1.1 root 338: 339: This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 340: but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 341: MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 342: GNU General Public License for more details. 343: 1.1.1.2 ! root 344: You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License ! 345: along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software ! 346: Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. 1.1 root 347: @end smallexample 348: 349: Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 350: 351: If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this 352: when it starts in an interactive mode: 353: 354: @smallexample 1.1.1.2 ! root 355: Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{name of author} ! 356: Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. ! 357: This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it ! 358: under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 1.1 root 359: @end smallexample 360: 361: The hypothetical commands @samp{show w} and @samp{show c} should show 362: the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the 363: commands you use may be called something other than @samp{show w} and 364: @samp{show c}; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever 365: suits your program. 366: 367: You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your 368: school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if 369: necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: 370: 1.1.1.2 ! root 371: @example ! 372: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program ! 373: `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. 1.1 root 374: 375: @var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989 376: Ty Coon, President of Vice 1.1.1.2 ! root 377: @end example 1.1 root 378: 379: This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into 380: proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may 381: consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the 1.1.1.2 ! root 382: library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 1.1 root 383: Public License instead of this License.
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