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1.1     ! root        1: This is mach.info, produced by makeinfo version 5.1 from mach.texi.
        !             2: 
        !             3: This file documents the GNU Mach microkernel.
        !             4: 
        !             5:    This is edition 0.4, last updated on 27 September 2013, of 'The GNU
        !             6: Mach Reference Manual', for version 1.4.
        !             7: 
        !             8:    Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
        !             9: Inc.
        !            10: 
        !            11:      Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
        !            12:      document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
        !            13:      Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software
        !            14:      Foundation; with no Invariant Section, with no Front-Cover Texts,
        !            15:      and with no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included in
        !            16:      the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
        !            17: 
        !            18:      This work is based on manual pages under the following copyright
        !            19:      and license:
        !            20: 
        !            21:      Mach Operating System
        !            22:      Copyright (C) 1991,1990 Carnegie Mellon University
        !            23:      All Rights Reserved.
        !            24: 
        !            25:      Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and
        !            26:      its documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the
        !            27:      copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of
        !            28:      the software, derivative works or modified versions, and any
        !            29:      portions thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting
        !            30:      documentation.
        !            31: 
        !            32:      CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS"
        !            33:      CONDITION. CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND FOR
        !            34:      ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
        !            35: INFO-DIR-SECTION Kernel
        !            36: START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
        !            37: * GNUMach: (mach).              Using and programming the GNU Mach microkernel.
        !            38: END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
        !            39: 
        !            40: 
        !            41: File: mach.info,  Node: Commands,  Next: Variables,  Prev: Operation,  Up: Kernel Debugger
        !            42: 
        !            43: 11.2 Commands
        !            44: =============
        !            45: 
        !            46: 'examine(x) [/MODIFIER] ADDR[,COUNT] [ THREAD ]'
        !            47:      Display the addressed locations according to the formats in the
        !            48:      modifier.  Multiple modifier formats display multiple locations.
        !            49:      If no format is specified, the last formats specified for this
        !            50:      command is used.  Address space other than that of the current
        !            51:      thread can be specified with 't' option in the modifier and THREAD
        !            52:      parameter.  The format characters are
        !            53: 
        !            54:      'b'
        !            55:           look at by bytes(8 bits)
        !            56: 
        !            57:      'h'
        !            58:           look at by half words(16 bits)
        !            59: 
        !            60:      'l'
        !            61:           look at by long words(32 bits)
        !            62: 
        !            63:      'a'
        !            64:           print the location being displayed
        !            65: 
        !            66:      ','
        !            67:           skip one unit producing no output
        !            68: 
        !            69:      'A'
        !            70:           print the location with a line number if possible
        !            71: 
        !            72:      'x'
        !            73:           display in unsigned hex
        !            74: 
        !            75:      'z'
        !            76:           display in signed hex
        !            77: 
        !            78:      'o'
        !            79:           display in unsigned octal
        !            80: 
        !            81:      'd'
        !            82:           display in signed decimal
        !            83: 
        !            84:      'u'
        !            85:           display in unsigned decimal
        !            86: 
        !            87:      'r'
        !            88:           display in current radix, signed
        !            89: 
        !            90:      'c'
        !            91:           display low 8 bits as a character.  Non-printing characters
        !            92:           are displayed as an octal escape code (e.g.  '\000').
        !            93: 
        !            94:      's'
        !            95:           display the null-terminated string at the location.
        !            96:           Non-printing characters are displayed as octal escapes.
        !            97: 
        !            98:      'm'
        !            99:           display in unsigned hex with character dump at the end of each
        !           100:           line.  The location is also displayed in hex at the beginning
        !           101:           of each line.
        !           102: 
        !           103:      'i'
        !           104:           display as an instruction
        !           105: 
        !           106:      'I'
        !           107:           display as an instruction with possible alternate formats
        !           108:           depending on the machine:
        !           109: 
        !           110:           'vax'
        !           111:                don't assume that each external label is a procedure
        !           112:                entry mask
        !           113: 
        !           114:           'i386'
        !           115:                don't round to the next long word boundary
        !           116: 
        !           117:           'mips'
        !           118:                print register contents
        !           119: 
        !           120: 'xf'
        !           121:      Examine forward.  It executes an examine command with the last
        !           122:      specified parameters to it except that the next address displayed
        !           123:      by it is used as the start address.
        !           124: 
        !           125: 'xb'
        !           126:      Examine backward.  It executes an examine command with the last
        !           127:      specified parameters to it except that the last start address
        !           128:      subtracted by the size displayed by it is used as the start
        !           129:      address.
        !           130: 
        !           131: 'print[/axzodurc] ADDR1 [ ADDR2 ... ]'
        !           132:      Print ADDR's according to the modifier character.  Valid formats
        !           133:      are: 'a' 'x' 'z' 'o' 'd' 'u' 'r' 'c'.  If no modifier is specified,
        !           134:      the last one specified to it is used.  ADDR can be a string, and it
        !           135:      is printed as it is.  For example,
        !           136: 
        !           137:           print/x "eax = " $eax "\necx = " $ecx "\n"
        !           138: 
        !           139:      will print like
        !           140: 
        !           141:           eax = xxxxxx
        !           142:           ecx = yyyyyy
        !           143: 
        !           144: 'write[/bhlt] ADDR [ THREAD ] EXPR1 [ EXPR2 ... ]'
        !           145:      Write the expressions at succeeding locations.  The write unit size
        !           146:      can be specified in the modifier with a letter b (byte), h (half
        !           147:      word) or l(long word) respectively.  If omitted, long word is
        !           148:      assumed.  Target address space can also be specified with 't'
        !           149:      option in the modifier and THREAD parameter.  Warning: since there
        !           150:      is no delimiter between expressions, strange things may happen.
        !           151:      It's best to enclose each expression in parentheses.
        !           152: 
        !           153: 'set $VARIABLE [=] EXPR'
        !           154:      Set the named variable or register with the value of EXPR.  Valid
        !           155:      variable names are described below.
        !           156: 
        !           157: 'break[/tuTU] ADDR[,COUNT] [ THREAD1 ... ]'
        !           158:      Set a break point at ADDR.  If count is supplied, continues
        !           159:      (COUNT-1) times before stopping at the break point.  If the break
        !           160:      point is set, a break point number is printed with '#'.  This
        !           161:      number can be used in deleting the break point or adding conditions
        !           162:      to it.
        !           163: 
        !           164:      't'
        !           165:           Set a break point only for a specific thread.  The thread is
        !           166:           specified by THREAD parameter, or default one is used if the
        !           167:           parameter is omitted.
        !           168: 
        !           169:      'u'
        !           170:           Set a break point in user space address.  It may be combined
        !           171:           with 't' or 'T' option to specify the non-current target user
        !           172:           space.  Without 'u' option, the address is considered in the
        !           173:           kernel space, and wrong space address is rejected with an
        !           174:           error message.  This option can be used only if it is
        !           175:           supported by machine dependent routines.
        !           176: 
        !           177:      'T'
        !           178:           Set a break point only for threads in a specific task.  It is
        !           179:           like 't' option except that the break point is valid for all
        !           180:           threads which belong to the same task as the specified target
        !           181:           thread.
        !           182: 
        !           183:      'U'
        !           184:           Set a break point in shared user space address.  It is like
        !           185:           'u' option, except that the break point is valid for all
        !           186:           threads which share the same address space even if 't' option
        !           187:           is specified.  't' option is used only to specify the target
        !           188:           shared space.  Without 't' option, 'u' and 'U' have the same
        !           189:           meanings.  'U' is useful for setting a user space break point
        !           190:           in non-current address space with 't' option such as in an
        !           191:           emulation library space.  This option can be used only if it
        !           192:           is supported by machine dependent routines.
        !           193: 
        !           194:      Warning: if a user text is shadowed by a normal user space
        !           195:      debugger, user space break points may not work correctly.  Setting
        !           196:      a break point at the low-level code paths may also cause strange
        !           197:      behavior.
        !           198: 
        !           199: 'delete[/tuTU] ADDR|#NUMBER [ THREAD1 ... ]'
        !           200:      Delete the break point.  The target break point can be specified by
        !           201:      a break point number with '#', or by ADDR like specified in 'break'
        !           202:      command.
        !           203: 
        !           204: 'cond #NUMBER [ CONDITION COMMANDS ]'
        !           205:      Set or delete a condition for the break point specified by the
        !           206:      NUMBER.  If the CONDITION and COMMANDS are null, the condition is
        !           207:      deleted.  Otherwise the condition is set for it.  When the break
        !           208:      point is hit, the CONDITION is evaluated.  The COMMANDS will be
        !           209:      executed if the condition is true and the break point count set by
        !           210:      a break point command becomes zero.  COMMANDS is a list of commands
        !           211:      separated by semicolons.  Each command in the list is executed in
        !           212:      that order, but if a 'continue' command is executed, the command
        !           213:      execution stops there, and the stopped thread resumes execution.
        !           214:      If the command execution reaches the end of the list, and it enters
        !           215:      into a command input mode.  For example,
        !           216: 
        !           217:           set $work0 0
        !           218:           break/Tu xxx_start $task7.0
        !           219:           cond #1  (1)  set $work0 1; set $work1 0; cont
        !           220:           break/T  vm_fault $task7.0
        !           221:           cond #2  ($work0) set $work1 ($work1+1); cont
        !           222:           break/Tu xxx_end $task7.0
        !           223:           cond #3  ($work0) print $work1 " faults\n"; set $work0 0
        !           224:           cont
        !           225: 
        !           226:      will print page fault counts from 'xxx_start' to 'xxx_end' in
        !           227:      'task7'.
        !           228: 
        !           229: 'step[/p] [,COUNT]'
        !           230:      Single step COUNT times.  If 'p' option is specified, print each
        !           231:      instruction at each step.  Otherwise, only print the last
        !           232:      instruction.
        !           233: 
        !           234:      Warning: depending on machine type, it may not be possible to
        !           235:      single-step through some low-level code paths or user space code.
        !           236:      On machines with software-emulated single-stepping (e.g., pmax),
        !           237:      stepping through code executed by interrupt handlers will probably
        !           238:      do the wrong thing.
        !           239: 
        !           240: 'continue[/c]'
        !           241:      Continue execution until a breakpoint or watchpoint.  If '/c',
        !           242:      count instructions while executing.  Some machines (e.g., pmax)
        !           243:      also count loads and stores.
        !           244: 
        !           245:      Warning: when counting, the debugger is really silently
        !           246:      single-stepping.  This means that single-stepping on low-level code
        !           247:      may cause strange behavior.
        !           248: 
        !           249: 'until'
        !           250:      Stop at the next call or return instruction.
        !           251: 
        !           252: 'next[/p]'
        !           253:      Stop at the matching return instruction.  If 'p' option is
        !           254:      specified, print the call nesting depth and the cumulative
        !           255:      instruction count at each call or return.  Otherwise, only print
        !           256:      when the matching return is hit.
        !           257: 
        !           258: 'match[/p]'
        !           259:      A synonym for 'next'.
        !           260: 
        !           261: 'trace[/tu] [ FRAME_ADDR|THREAD ][,COUNT]'
        !           262:      Stack trace.  'u' option traces user space; if omitted, only traces
        !           263:      kernel space.  If 't' option is specified, it shows the stack trace
        !           264:      of the specified thread or a default target thread.  Otherwise, it
        !           265:      shows the stack trace of the current thread from the frame address
        !           266:      specified by a parameter or from the current frame.  COUNT is the
        !           267:      number of frames to be traced.  If the COUNT is omitted, all frames
        !           268:      are printed.
        !           269: 
        !           270:      Warning: If the target thread's stack is not in the main memory at
        !           271:      that time, the stack trace will fail.  User space stack trace is
        !           272:      valid only if the machine dependent code supports it.
        !           273: 
        !           274: 'search[/bhl] ADDR VALUE [MASK] [,COUNT]'
        !           275:      Search memory for a value.  This command might fail in interesting
        !           276:      ways if it doesn't find the searched-for value.  This is because
        !           277:      'ddb' doesn't always recover from touching bad memory.  The
        !           278:      optional count argument limits the search.
        !           279: 
        !           280: 'macro NAME COMMANDS'
        !           281:      Define a debugger macro as NAME.  COMMANDS is a list of commands to
        !           282:      be associated with the macro.  In the expressions of the command
        !           283:      list, a variable '$argxx' can be used to get a parameter passed to
        !           284:      the macro.  When a macro is called, each argument is evaluated as
        !           285:      an expression, and the value is assigned to each parameter,
        !           286:      '$arg1', '$arg2', ... respectively.  10 '$arg' variables are
        !           287:      reserved to each level of macros, and they can be used as local
        !           288:      variables.  The nesting of macro can be allowed up to 5 levels.
        !           289:      For example,
        !           290: 
        !           291:           macro xinit set $work0 $arg1
        !           292:           macro xlist examine/m $work0,4; set $work0 *($work0)
        !           293:           xinit *(xxx_list)
        !           294:           xlist
        !           295:           ...
        !           296: 
        !           297:      will print the contents of a list starting from 'xxx_list' by each
        !           298:      'xlist' command.
        !           299: 
        !           300: 'dmacro NAME'
        !           301:      Delete the macro named NAME.
        !           302: 
        !           303: 'show all threads[/ul]'
        !           304:      Display all tasks and threads information.  This version of 'ddb'
        !           305:      prints more information than previous one.  It shows UNIX process
        !           306:      information like 'ps' for each task.  The UNIX process information
        !           307:      may not be shown if it is not supported in the machine, or the
        !           308:      bottom of the stack of the target task is not in the main memory at
        !           309:      that time.  It also shows task and thread identification numbers.
        !           310:      These numbers can be used to specify a task or a thread
        !           311:      symbolically in various commands.  The numbers are valid only in
        !           312:      the same debugger session.  If the execution is resumed again, the
        !           313:      numbers may change.  The current thread can be distinguished from
        !           314:      others by a '#' after the thread id instead of ':'.  Without 'l'
        !           315:      option, it only shows thread id, thread structure address and the
        !           316:      status for each thread.  The status consists of 5 letters, R(run),
        !           317:      W(wait), S(suspended), O(swapped out) and N(interruptible), and if
        !           318:      corresponding status bit is off, '.' is printed instead.  If 'l'
        !           319:      option is specified, more detail information is printed for each
        !           320:      thread.
        !           321: 
        !           322: 'show task [ ADDR ]'
        !           323:      Display the information of a task specified by ADDR.  If ADDR is
        !           324:      omitted, current task information is displayed.
        !           325: 
        !           326: 'show thread [ ADDR ]'
        !           327:      Display the information of a thread specified by ADDR.  If ADDR is
        !           328:      omitted, current thread information is displayed.
        !           329: 
        !           330: 'show registers[/tu [ THREAD ]]'
        !           331:      Display the register set.  Target thread can be specified with 't'
        !           332:      option and THREAD parameter.  If 'u' option is specified, it
        !           333:      displays user registers instead of kernel or currently saved one.
        !           334: 
        !           335:      Warning: The support of 't' and 'u' option depends on the machine.
        !           336:      If not supported, incorrect information will be displayed.
        !           337: 
        !           338: 'show map ADDR'
        !           339:      Prints the 'vm_map' at ADDR.
        !           340: 
        !           341: 'show object ADDR'
        !           342:      Prints the 'vm_object' at ADDR.
        !           343: 
        !           344: 'show page ADDR'
        !           345:      Prints the 'vm_page' structure at ADDR.
        !           346: 
        !           347: 'show port ADDR'
        !           348:      Prints the 'ipc_port' structure at ADDR.
        !           349: 
        !           350: 'show ipc_port[/t [ THREAD ]]'
        !           351:      Prints all 'ipc_port' structure's addresses the target thread has.
        !           352:      The target thread is a current thread or that specified by a
        !           353:      parameter.
        !           354: 
        !           355: 'show macro [ NAME ]'
        !           356:      Show the definitions of macros.  If NAME is specified, only the
        !           357:      definition of it is displayed.  Otherwise, definitions of all
        !           358:      macros are displayed.
        !           359: 
        !           360: 'show watches'
        !           361:      Displays all watchpoints.
        !           362: 
        !           363: 'watch[/T] ADDR,SIZE [ TASK ]'
        !           364:      Set a watchpoint for a region.  Execution stops when an attempt to
        !           365:      modify the region occurs.  The SIZE argument defaults to 4.
        !           366:      Without 'T' option, ADDR is assumed to be a kernel address.  If you
        !           367:      want to set a watch point in user space, specify 'T' and TASK
        !           368:      parameter where the address belongs to.  If the TASK parameter is
        !           369:      omitted, a task of the default target thread or a current task is
        !           370:      assumed.  If you specify a wrong space address, the request is
        !           371:      rejected with an error message.
        !           372: 
        !           373:      Warning: Attempts to watch wired kernel memory may cause
        !           374:      unrecoverable error in some systems such as i386.  Watchpoints on
        !           375:      user addresses work best.
        !           376: 
        !           377: 'dwatch[/T] ADDR [ TASK ]'
        !           378:      Clears a watchpoint previously set for a region.  Without 'T'
        !           379:      option, ADDR is assumed to be a kernel address.  If you want to
        !           380:      clear a watch point in user space, specify 'T' and TASK parameter
        !           381:      where the address belongs to.  If the TASK parameter is omitted, a
        !           382:      task of the default target thread or a current task is assumed.  If
        !           383:      you specify a wrong space address, the request is rejected with an
        !           384:      error message.
        !           385: 
        !           386: 
        !           387: File: mach.info,  Node: Variables,  Next: Expressions,  Prev: Commands,  Up: Kernel Debugger
        !           388: 
        !           389: 11.3 Variables
        !           390: ==============
        !           391: 
        !           392: The debugger accesses registers and variables as $NAME.  Register names
        !           393: are as in the 'show registers' command.  Some variables are suffixed
        !           394: with numbers, and may have some modifier following a colon immediately
        !           395: after the variable name.  For example, register variables can have 'u'
        !           396: and 't' modifier to indicate user register and that of a default target
        !           397: thread instead of that of the current thread (e.g.  '$eax:tu').
        !           398: 
        !           399:    Built-in variables currently supported are:
        !           400: 
        !           401: 'taskXX[.YY]'
        !           402:      Task or thread structure address.  XX and YY are task and thread
        !           403:      identification numbers printed by a 'show all threads' command
        !           404:      respectively.  This variable is read only.
        !           405: 
        !           406: 'thread'
        !           407:      The default target thread.  The value is used when 't' option is
        !           408:      specified without explicit thread structure address parameter in
        !           409:      command lines or expression evaluation.
        !           410: 
        !           411: 'radix'
        !           412:      Input and output radix
        !           413: 
        !           414: 'maxoff'
        !           415:      Addresses are printed as SYMBOL+OFFSET unless offset is greater
        !           416:      than maxoff.
        !           417: 
        !           418: 'maxwidth'
        !           419:      The width of the displayed line.
        !           420: 
        !           421: 'lines'
        !           422:      The number of lines.  It is used by 'more' feature.
        !           423: 
        !           424: 'tabstops'
        !           425:      Tab stop width.
        !           426: 
        !           427: 'argXX'
        !           428:      Parameters passed to a macro.  XX can be 1 to 10.
        !           429: 
        !           430: 'workXX'
        !           431:      Work variable.  XX can be 0 to 31.
        !           432: 
        !           433: 
        !           434: File: mach.info,  Node: Expressions,  Prev: Variables,  Up: Kernel Debugger
        !           435: 
        !           436: 11.4 Expressions
        !           437: ================
        !           438: 
        !           439: Almost all expression operators in C are supported except '~', '^', and
        !           440: unary '&'.  Special rules in 'ddb' are:
        !           441: 
        !           442: 'IDENTIFIER'
        !           443:      name of a symbol.  It is translated to the address(or value) of it.
        !           444:      '.' and ':' can be used in the identifier.  If supported by an
        !           445:      object format dependent routine, [FILE_NAME:]FUNC[:LINE_NUMBER]
        !           446:      [FILE_NAME:]VARIABLE, and FILE_NAME[:LINE_NUMBER] can be accepted
        !           447:      as a symbol.  The symbol may be prefixed with 'SYMBOL_TABLE_NAME::'
        !           448:      like 'emulator::mach_msg_trap' to specify other than kernel
        !           449:      symbols.
        !           450: 
        !           451: 'NUMBER'
        !           452:      radix is determined by the first two letters:
        !           453:      '0x'
        !           454:           hex
        !           455:      '0o'
        !           456:           octal
        !           457:      '0t'
        !           458:           decimal
        !           459: 
        !           460:      otherwise, follow current radix.
        !           461: 
        !           462: '.'
        !           463:      dot
        !           464: 
        !           465: '+'
        !           466:      next
        !           467: 
        !           468: '..'
        !           469:      address of the start of the last line examined.  Unlike dot or
        !           470:      next, this is only changed by 'examine' or 'write' command.
        !           471: 
        !           472: '�'
        !           473:      last address explicitly specified.
        !           474: 
        !           475: '$VARIABLE'
        !           476:      register name or variable.  It is translated to the value of it.
        !           477:      It may be followed by a ':' and modifiers as described above.
        !           478: 
        !           479: 'a'
        !           480:      multiple of right hand side.
        !           481: 
        !           482: '*EXPR'
        !           483:      indirection.  It may be followed by a ':' and modifiers as
        !           484:      described above.
        !           485: 
        !           486: 
        !           487: File: mach.info,  Node: Copying,  Next: Documentation License,  Prev: Kernel Debugger,  Up: Top
        !           488: 
        !           489: GNU General Public License
        !           490: **************************
        !           491: 
        !           492:                          Version 2, June 1991
        !           493: 
        !           494:      Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
        !           495:      51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA
        !           496: 
        !           497:      Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
        !           498:      of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
        !           499: 
        !           500: Preamble
        !           501: ========
        !           502: 
        !           503: The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to
        !           504: share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public License is
        !           505: intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to
        !           506: make sure the software is free for all its users.  This General Public
        !           507: License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and
        !           508: to any other program whose authors commit to using it.  (Some other Free
        !           509: Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Lesser General Public
        !           510: License instead.)  You can apply it to your programs, too.
        !           511: 
        !           512:    When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
        !           513: price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
        !           514: have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
        !           515: this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if
        !           516: you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
        !           517: free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
        !           518: 
        !           519:    To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
        !           520: anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
        !           521: These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
        !           522: distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
        !           523: 
        !           524:    For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
        !           525: gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
        !           526: you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
        !           527: source code.  And you must show them these terms so they know their
        !           528: rights.
        !           529: 
        !           530:    We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software,
        !           531: and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
        !           532: distribute and/or modify the software.
        !           533: 
        !           534:    Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
        !           535: that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
        !           536: software.  If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
        !           537: want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
        !           538: that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
        !           539: authors' reputations.
        !           540: 
        !           541:    Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
        !           542: patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
        !           543: program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
        !           544: program proprietary.  To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
        !           545: patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
        !           546: 
        !           547:    The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
        !           548: modification follow.
        !           549: 
        !           550: TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
        !           551: ===============================================================
        !           552: 
        !           553:   0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a
        !           554:      notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
        !           555:      under the terms of this General Public License.  The "Program",
        !           556:      below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the
        !           557:      Program" means either the Program or any derivative work under
        !           558:      copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a
        !           559:      portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or
        !           560:      translated into another language.  (Hereinafter, translation is
        !           561:      included without limitation in the term "modification".)  Each
        !           562:      licensee is addressed as "you".
        !           563: 
        !           564:      Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are
        !           565:      not covered by this License; they are outside its scope.  The act
        !           566:      of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the
        !           567:      Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on
        !           568:      the Program (independent of having been made by running the
        !           569:      Program).  Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
        !           570: 
        !           571:   1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source
        !           572:      code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
        !           573:      conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
        !           574:      copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
        !           575:      notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any
        !           576:      warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of
        !           577:      this License along with the Program.
        !           578: 
        !           579:      You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,
        !           580:      and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange
        !           581:      for a fee.
        !           582: 
        !           583:   2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of
        !           584:      it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
        !           585:      distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
        !           586:      above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
        !           587: 
        !           588:        a. You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
        !           589:           stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
        !           590: 
        !           591:        b. You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that
        !           592:           in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or
        !           593:           any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to
        !           594:           all third parties under the terms of this License.
        !           595: 
        !           596:        c. If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
        !           597:           when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
        !           598:           interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display
        !           599:           an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and
        !           600:           a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you
        !           601:           provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the
        !           602:           program under these conditions, and telling the user how to
        !           603:           view a copy of this License.  (Exception: if the Program
        !           604:           itself is interactive but does not normally print such an
        !           605:           announcement, your work based on the Program is not required
        !           606:           to print an announcement.)
        !           607: 
        !           608:      These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If
        !           609:      identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the
        !           610:      Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate
        !           611:      works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply
        !           612:      to those sections when you distribute them as separate works.  But
        !           613:      when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a
        !           614:      work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on
        !           615:      the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees
        !           616:      extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part
        !           617:      regardless of who wrote it.
        !           618: 
        !           619:      Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or
        !           620:      contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the
        !           621:      intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of
        !           622:      derivative or collective works based on the Program.
        !           623: 
        !           624:      In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the
        !           625:      Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a
        !           626:      volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other
        !           627:      work under the scope of this License.
        !           628: 
        !           629:   3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
        !           630:      under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms
        !           631:      of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the
        !           632:      following:
        !           633: 
        !           634:        a. Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
        !           635:           source code, which must be distributed under the terms of
        !           636:           Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for
        !           637:           software interchange; or,
        !           638: 
        !           639:        b. Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
        !           640:           years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
        !           641:           cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
        !           642:           machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
        !           643:           distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a
        !           644:           medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
        !           645: 
        !           646:        c. Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
        !           647:           to distribute corresponding source code.  (This alternative is
        !           648:           allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
        !           649:           received the program in object code or executable form with
        !           650:           such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
        !           651: 
        !           652:      The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
        !           653:      making modifications to it.  For an executable work, complete
        !           654:      source code means all the source code for all modules it contains,
        !           655:      plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts
        !           656:      used to control compilation and installation of the executable.
        !           657:      However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need
        !           658:      not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source
        !           659:      or binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so
        !           660:      on) of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless
        !           661:      that component itself accompanies the executable.
        !           662: 
        !           663:      If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
        !           664:      access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
        !           665:      access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
        !           666:      distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
        !           667:      compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
        !           668: 
        !           669:   4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
        !           670:      except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
        !           671:      otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
        !           672:      void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this
        !           673:      License.  However, parties who have received copies, or rights,
        !           674:      from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated
        !           675:      so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
        !           676: 
        !           677:   5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
        !           678:      signed it.  However, nothing else grants you permission to modify
        !           679:      or distribute the Program or its derivative works.  These actions
        !           680:      are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.
        !           681:      Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work
        !           682:      based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License
        !           683:      to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying,
        !           684:      distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it.
        !           685: 
        !           686:   6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
        !           687:      Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
        !           688:      original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject
        !           689:      to these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any further
        !           690:      restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted
        !           691:      herein.  You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third
        !           692:      parties to this License.
        !           693: 
        !           694:   7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
        !           695:      infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent
        !           696:      issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order,
        !           697:      agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this
        !           698:      License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this
        !           699:      License.  If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously
        !           700:      your obligations under this License and any other pertinent
        !           701:      obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the
        !           702:      Program at all.  For example, if a patent license would not permit
        !           703:      royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive
        !           704:      copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you
        !           705:      could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely
        !           706:      from distribution of the Program.
        !           707: 
        !           708:      If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable
        !           709:      under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is
        !           710:      intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply
        !           711:      in other circumstances.
        !           712: 
        !           713:      It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
        !           714:      patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of
        !           715:      any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting
        !           716:      the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
        !           717:      implemented by public license practices.  Many people have made
        !           718:      generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
        !           719:      through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
        !           720:      system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is
        !           721:      willing to distribute software through any other system and a
        !           722:      licensee cannot impose that choice.
        !           723: 
        !           724:      This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed
        !           725:      to be a consequence of the rest of this License.
        !           726: 
        !           727:   8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
        !           728:      certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces,
        !           729:      the original copyright holder who places the Program under this
        !           730:      License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation
        !           731:      excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only
        !           732:      in or among countries not thus excluded.  In such case, this
        !           733:      License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of
        !           734:      this License.
        !           735: 
        !           736:   9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new
        !           737:      versions of the General Public License from time to time.  Such new
        !           738:      versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
        !           739:      differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
        !           740: 
        !           741:      Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the
        !           742:      Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to
        !           743:      it and "any later version", you have the option of following the
        !           744:      terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version
        !           745:      published by the Free Software Foundation.  If the Program does not
        !           746:      specify a version number of this License, you may choose any
        !           747:      version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
        !           748: 
        !           749:   10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
        !           750:      programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the
        !           751:      author to ask for permission.  For software which is copyrighted by
        !           752:      the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software
        !           753:      Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this.  Our decision
        !           754:      will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of
        !           755:      all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing
        !           756:      and reuse of software generally.
        !           757: 
        !           758:   11. NO WARRANTY
        !           759: 
        !           760:      BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO
        !           761:      WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE
        !           762:      LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
        !           763:      AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
        !           764:      OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
        !           765:      LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
        !           766:      FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND
        !           767:      PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE
        !           768:      DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR
        !           769:      OR CORRECTION.
        !           770: 
        !           771:   12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN
        !           772:      WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY
        !           773:      MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE
        !           774:      LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL,
        !           775:      INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR
        !           776:      INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
        !           777:      DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU
        !           778:      OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY
        !           779:      OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN
        !           780:      ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
        !           781: 
        !           782:                       END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
        !           783: 
        !           784: Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
        !           785: =======================================================
        !           786: 
        !           787: If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
        !           788: possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
        !           789: free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
        !           790: terms.
        !           791: 
        !           792:    To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
        !           793: to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
        !           794: convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
        !           795: "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
        !           796: 
        !           797:      ONE LINE TO GIVE THE PROGRAM'S NAME AND A BRIEF IDEA OF WHAT IT DOES.
        !           798:      Copyright (C) YYYY  NAME OF AUTHOR
        !           799: 
        !           800:      This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
        !           801:      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
        !           802:      the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
        !           803:      (at your option) any later version.
        !           804: 
        !           805:      This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
        !           806:      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
        !           807:      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
        !           808:      GNU General Public License for more details.
        !           809: 
        !           810:      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
        !           811:      along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
        !           812:      Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
        !           813: 
        !           814:    Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper
        !           815: mail.
        !           816: 
        !           817:    If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like
        !           818: this when it starts in an interactive mode:
        !           819: 
        !           820:      Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) YEAR NAME OF AUTHOR
        !           821:      Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
        !           822:      This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
        !           823:      under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
        !           824: 
        !           825:    The hypothetical commands 'show w' and 'show c' should show the
        !           826: appropriate parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the
        !           827: commands you use may be called something other than 'show w' and 'show
        !           828: c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your
        !           829: program.
        !           830: 
        !           831:    You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or
        !           832: your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program,
        !           833: if necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:
        !           834: 
        !           835:      Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
        !           836:      `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
        !           837: 
        !           838:      SIGNATURE OF TY COON, 1 April 1989
        !           839:      Ty Coon, President of Vice
        !           840: 
        !           841:    This General Public License does not permit incorporating your
        !           842: program into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine
        !           843: library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary
        !           844: applications with the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the
        !           845: GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License.
        !           846: 
        !           847: 
        !           848: File: mach.info,  Node: Documentation License,  Next: Concept Index,  Prev: Copying,  Up: Top
        !           849: 
        !           850: Appendix A Documentation License
        !           851: ********************************
        !           852: 
        !           853: This manual is copyrighted and licensed under the GNU Free Documentation
        !           854: license.
        !           855: 
        !           856:    Parts of this manual are derived from the Mach manual packages
        !           857: originally provided by Carnegie Mellon University.
        !           858: 
        !           859: * Menu:
        !           860: 
        !           861: * GNU Free Documentation License:: The GNU Free Documentation License.
        !           862: * CMU License::                   The CMU license applies to the original Mach
        !           863:                                   kernel and its documentation.
        !           864: 
        !           865: 
        !           866: File: mach.info,  Node: GNU Free Documentation License,  Next: CMU License,  Up: Documentation License
        !           867: 
        !           868: A.1 GNU Free Documentation License
        !           869: ==================================
        !           870: 
        !           871:                       Version 1.2, November 2002
        !           872: 
        !           873:      Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
        !           874:      51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA
        !           875: 
        !           876:      Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
        !           877:      of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
        !           878: 
        !           879:   0. PREAMBLE
        !           880: 
        !           881:      The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
        !           882:      functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
        !           883:      assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
        !           884:      with or without modifying it, either commercially or
        !           885:      noncommercially.  Secondarily, this License preserves for the
        !           886:      author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not
        !           887:      being considered responsible for modifications made by others.
        !           888: 
        !           889:      This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
        !           890:      works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.
        !           891:      It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
        !           892:      license designed for free software.
        !           893: 
        !           894:      We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
        !           895:      free software, because free software needs free documentation: a
        !           896:      free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms
        !           897:      that the software does.  But this License is not limited to
        !           898:      software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless
        !           899:      of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book.  We
        !           900:      recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is
        !           901:      instruction or reference.
        !           902: 
        !           903:   1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
        !           904: 
        !           905:      This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium,
        !           906:      that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can
        !           907:      be distributed under the terms of this License.  Such a notice
        !           908:      grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration,
        !           909:      to use that work under the conditions stated herein.  The
        !           910:      "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work.  Any member
        !           911:      of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you".  You accept
        !           912:      the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way
        !           913:      requiring permission under copyright law.
        !           914: 
        !           915:      A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
        !           916:      Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
        !           917:      modifications and/or translated into another language.
        !           918: 
        !           919:      A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section
        !           920:      of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
        !           921:      publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
        !           922:      subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could
        !           923:      fall directly within that overall subject.  (Thus, if the Document
        !           924:      is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not
        !           925:      explain any mathematics.)  The relationship could be a matter of
        !           926:      historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or
        !           927:      of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position
        !           928:      regarding them.
        !           929: 
        !           930:      The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose
        !           931:      titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the
        !           932:      notice that says that the Document is released under this License.
        !           933:      If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it
        !           934:      is not allowed to be designated as Invariant.  The Document may
        !           935:      contain zero Invariant Sections.  If the Document does not identify
        !           936:      any Invariant Sections then there are none.
        !           937: 
        !           938:      The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are
        !           939:      listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice
        !           940:      that says that the Document is released under this License.  A
        !           941:      Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may
        !           942:      be at most 25 words.
        !           943: 
        !           944:      A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
        !           945:      represented in a format whose specification is available to the
        !           946:      general public, that is suitable for revising the document
        !           947:      straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed
        !           948:      of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely
        !           949:      available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text
        !           950:      formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats
        !           951:      suitable for input to text formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise
        !           952:      Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has
        !           953:      been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by
        !           954:      readers is not Transparent.  An image format is not Transparent if
        !           955:      used for any substantial amount of text.  A copy that is not
        !           956:      "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
        !           957: 
        !           958:      Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
        !           959:      ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format,
        !           960:      SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming
        !           961:      simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification.
        !           962:      Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG.
        !           963:      Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and
        !           964:      edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which
        !           965:      the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and
        !           966:      the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
        !           967:      processors for output purposes only.
        !           968: 
        !           969:      The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
        !           970:      plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the
        !           971:      material this License requires to appear in the title page.  For
        !           972:      works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title
        !           973:      Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the
        !           974:      work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
        !           975: 
        !           976:      A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document
        !           977:      whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses
        !           978:      following text that translates XYZ in another language.  (Here XYZ
        !           979:      stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as
        !           980:      "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".)
        !           981:      To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the
        !           982:      Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according
        !           983:      to this definition.
        !           984: 
        !           985:      The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice
        !           986:      which states that this License applies to the Document.  These
        !           987:      Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in
        !           988:      this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
        !           989:      implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and
        !           990:      has no effect on the meaning of this License.
        !           991: 
        !           992:   2. VERBATIM COPYING
        !           993: 
        !           994:      You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
        !           995:      commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
        !           996:      copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License
        !           997:      applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you
        !           998:      add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License.  You
        !           999:      may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading
        !          1000:      or further copying of the copies you make or distribute.  However,
        !          1001:      you may accept compensation in exchange for copies.  If you
        !          1002:      distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the
        !          1003:      conditions in section 3.
        !          1004: 
        !          1005:      You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above,
        !          1006:      and you may publicly display copies.
        !          1007: 
        !          1008:   3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
        !          1009: 
        !          1010:      If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly
        !          1011:      have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and
        !          1012:      the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must
        !          1013:      enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all
        !          1014:      these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and
        !          1015:      Back-Cover Texts on the back cover.  Both covers must also clearly
        !          1016:      and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies.  The
        !          1017:      front cover must present the full title with all words of the title
        !          1018:      equally prominent and visible.  You may add other material on the
        !          1019:      covers in addition.  Copying with changes limited to the covers, as
        !          1020:      long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these
        !          1021:      conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
        !          1022: 
        !          1023:      If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
        !          1024:      legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
        !          1025:      reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto
        !          1026:      adjacent pages.
        !          1027: 
        !          1028:      If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document
        !          1029:      numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable
        !          1030:      Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with
        !          1031:      each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general
        !          1032:      network-using public has access to download using public-standard
        !          1033:      network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free
        !          1034:      of added material.  If you use the latter option, you must take
        !          1035:      reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque
        !          1036:      copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will
        !          1037:      remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
        !          1038:      year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or
        !          1039:      through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.
        !          1040: 
        !          1041:      It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of
        !          1042:      the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies,
        !          1043:      to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the
        !          1044:      Document.
        !          1045: 
        !          1046:   4. MODIFICATIONS
        !          1047: 
        !          1048:      You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document
        !          1049:      under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you
        !          1050:      release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the
        !          1051:      Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing
        !          1052:      distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever
        !          1053:      possesses a copy of it.  In addition, you must do these things in
        !          1054:      the Modified Version:
        !          1055: 
        !          1056:        A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title
        !          1057:           distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous
        !          1058:           versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the
        !          1059:           History section of the Document).  You may use the same title
        !          1060:           as a previous version if the original publisher of that
        !          1061:           version gives permission.
        !          1062: 
        !          1063:        B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or
        !          1064:           entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in
        !          1065:           the Modified Version, together with at least five of the
        !          1066:           principal authors of the Document (all of its principal
        !          1067:           authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you
        !          1068:           from this requirement.
        !          1069: 
        !          1070:        C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
        !          1071:           Modified Version, as the publisher.
        !          1072: 
        !          1073:        D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
        !          1074: 
        !          1075:        E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
        !          1076:           adjacent to the other copyright notices.
        !          1077: 
        !          1078:        F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license
        !          1079:           notice giving the public permission to use the Modified
        !          1080:           Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in
        !          1081:           the Addendum below.
        !          1082: 
        !          1083:        G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
        !          1084:           Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's
        !          1085:           license notice.
        !          1086: 
        !          1087:        H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
        !          1088: 
        !          1089:        I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title,
        !          1090:           and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new
        !          1091:           authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the
        !          1092:           Title Page.  If there is no section Entitled "History" in the
        !          1093:           Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and
        !          1094:           publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add
        !          1095:           an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the
        !          1096:           previous sentence.
        !          1097: 
        !          1098:        J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document
        !          1099:           for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and
        !          1100:           likewise the network locations given in the Document for
        !          1101:           previous versions it was based on.  These may be placed in the
        !          1102:           "History" section.  You may omit a network location for a work
        !          1103:           that was published at least four years before the Document
        !          1104:           itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers
        !          1105:           to gives permission.
        !          1106: 
        !          1107:        K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
        !          1108:           Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section
        !          1109:           all the substance and tone of each of the contributor
        !          1110:           acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
        !          1111: 
        !          1112:        L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered
        !          1113:           in their text and in their titles.  Section numbers or the
        !          1114:           equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
        !          1115: 
        !          1116:        M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements".  Such a section
        !          1117:           may not be included in the Modified Version.
        !          1118: 
        !          1119:        N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
        !          1120:           "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant
        !          1121:           Section.
        !          1122: 
        !          1123:        O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
        !          1124: 
        !          1125:      If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
        !          1126:      appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no
        !          1127:      material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate
        !          1128:      some or all of these sections as invariant.  To do this, add their
        !          1129:      titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's
        !          1130:      license notice.  These titles must be distinct from any other
        !          1131:      section titles.
        !          1132: 
        !          1133:      You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
        !          1134:      nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
        !          1135:      parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text
        !          1136:      has been approved by an organization as the authoritative
        !          1137:      definition of a standard.
        !          1138: 
        !          1139:      You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text,
        !          1140:      and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of
        !          1141:      the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one passage
        !          1142:      of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
        !          1143:      through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the Document
        !          1144:      already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added
        !          1145:      by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on
        !          1146:      behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old
        !          1147:      one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added
        !          1148:      the old one.
        !          1149: 
        !          1150:      The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this
        !          1151:      License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to
        !          1152:      assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
        !          1153: 
        !          1154:   5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
        !          1155: 
        !          1156:      You may combine the Document with other documents released under
        !          1157:      this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for
        !          1158:      modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all
        !          1159:      of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,
        !          1160:      unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
        !          1161:      combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all
        !          1162:      their Warranty Disclaimers.
        !          1163: 
        !          1164:      The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
        !          1165:      multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
        !          1166:      copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name
        !          1167:      but different contents, make the title of each such section unique
        !          1168:      by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the
        !          1169:      original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a
        !          1170:      unique number.  Make the same adjustment to the section titles in
        !          1171:      the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the
        !          1172:      combined work.
        !          1173: 
        !          1174:      In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled
        !          1175:      "History" in the various original documents, forming one section
        !          1176:      Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled
        !          1177:      "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications".  You
        !          1178:      must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements."
        !          1179: 
        !          1180:   6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
        !          1181: 
        !          1182:      You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
        !          1183:      documents released under this License, and replace the individual
        !          1184:      copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy
        !          1185:      that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the
        !          1186:      rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents
        !          1187:      in all other respects.
        !          1188: 
        !          1189:      You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
        !          1190:      distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert
        !          1191:      a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
        !          1192:      License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
        !          1193:      document.
        !          1194: 
        !          1195:   7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
        !          1196: 
        !          1197:      A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
        !          1198:      separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a
        !          1199:      storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the
        !          1200:      copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the
        !          1201:      legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual
        !          1202:      works permit.  When the Document is included in an aggregate, this
        !          1203:      License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which
        !          1204:      are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
        !          1205: 
        !          1206:      If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
        !          1207:      copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half
        !          1208:      of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed
        !          1209:      on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
        !          1210:      electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic
        !          1211:      form.  Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket
        !          1212:      the whole aggregate.
        !          1213: 
        !          1214:   8. TRANSLATION
        !          1215: 
        !          1216:      Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
        !          1217:      distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section
        !          1218:      4.  Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
        !          1219:      permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
        !          1220:      translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
        !          1221:      original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may include a
        !          1222:      translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
        !          1223:      Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also
        !          1224:      include the original English version of this License and the
        !          1225:      original versions of those notices and disclaimers.  In case of a
        !          1226:      disagreement between the translation and the original version of
        !          1227:      this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will
        !          1228:      prevail.
        !          1229: 
        !          1230:      If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
        !          1231:      "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to
        !          1232:      Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the
        !          1233:      actual title.
        !          1234: 
        !          1235:   9. TERMINATION
        !          1236: 
        !          1237:      You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
        !          1238:      except as expressly provided for under this License.  Any other
        !          1239:      attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is
        !          1240:      void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this
        !          1241:      License.  However, parties who have received copies, or rights,
        !          1242:      from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated
        !          1243:      so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
        !          1244: 
        !          1245:   10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
        !          1246: 
        !          1247:      The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of
        !          1248:      the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.  Such new
        !          1249:      versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
        !          1250:      differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.  See
        !          1251:      <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/>.
        !          1252: 
        !          1253:      Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version
        !          1254:      number.  If the Document specifies that a particular numbered
        !          1255:      version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you
        !          1256:      have the option of following the terms and conditions either of
        !          1257:      that specified version or of any later version that has been
        !          1258:      published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.  If the
        !          1259:      Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may
        !          1260:      choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free
        !          1261:      Software Foundation.
        !          1262: 
        !          1263: ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
        !          1264: ====================================================
        !          1265: 
        !          1266: To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
        !          1267: the License in the document and put the following copyright and license
        !          1268: notices just after the title page:
        !          1269: 
        !          1270:        Copyright (C)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.
        !          1271:        Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
        !          1272:        under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
        !          1273:        or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
        !          1274:        with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
        !          1275:        Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
        !          1276:        Free Documentation License''.
        !          1277: 
        !          1278:    If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover
        !          1279: Texts, replace the "with...Texts."  line with this:
        !          1280: 
        !          1281:          with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with
        !          1282:          the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts
        !          1283:          being LIST.
        !          1284: 
        !          1285:    If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
        !          1286: combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
        !          1287: situation.
        !          1288: 
        !          1289:    If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
        !          1290: recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
        !          1291: software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit
        !          1292: their use in free software.
        !          1293: 
        !          1294: 
        !          1295: File: mach.info,  Node: CMU License,  Prev: GNU Free Documentation License,  Up: Documentation License
        !          1296: 
        !          1297: A.2 CMU License
        !          1298: ===============
        !          1299: 
        !          1300:           Mach Operating System
        !          1301:           Copyright (C) 1991,1990,1989 Carnegie Mellon University
        !          1302:           All Rights Reserved.
        !          1303: 
        !          1304:      Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and
        !          1305:      its documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the
        !          1306:      copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of
        !          1307:      the software, derivative works or modified versions, and any
        !          1308:      portions thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting
        !          1309:      documentation.
        !          1310: 
        !          1311:      CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS"
        !          1312:      CONDITION.  CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND FOR
        !          1313:      ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
        !          1314: 
        !          1315:      Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to
        !          1316: 
        !          1317:            Software Distribution Coordinator
        !          1318:            School of Computer Science
        !          1319:            Carnegie Mellon University
        !          1320:            Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
        !          1321: 
        !          1322:      or <[email protected]> any improvements or
        !          1323:      extensions that they make and grant Carnegie Mellon the rights to
        !          1324:      redistribute these changes.
        !          1325: 
        !          1326: 
        !          1327: File: mach.info,  Node: Concept Index,  Next: Function and Data Index,  Prev: Documentation License,  Up: Top
        !          1328: 
        !          1329: Concept Index
        !          1330: *************
        !          1331: 
        !          1332: [index]
        !          1333: * Menu:
        !          1334: 
        !          1335: * communication between tasks:           Major Concepts.       (line  6)
        !          1336: * composing messages:                    Message Format.       (line  6)
        !          1337: * device port:                           Device Interface.     (line 13)
        !          1338: * FDL, GNU Free Documentation License:   GNU Free Documentation License.
        !          1339:                                                                (line  6)
        !          1340: * format of a message:                   Message Format.       (line  6)
        !          1341: * GPL, GNU General Public License:       Copying.              (line  6)
        !          1342: * GRand Unified Bootloader:              Bootloader.           (line 13)
        !          1343: * GRUB:                                  Bootloader.           (line 13)
        !          1344: * host control port:                     Host Ports.           (line 34)
        !          1345: * host interface:                        Host Interface.       (line  6)
        !          1346: * host name port:                        Host Ports.           (line  6)
        !          1347: * host ports:                            Host Ports.           (line  6)
        !          1348: * interprocess communication (IPC):      Major Concepts.       (line  6)
        !          1349: * IPC (interprocess communication):      Major Concepts.       (line  6)
        !          1350: * IPC space port:                        Port Manipulation Interface.
        !          1351:                                                                (line  9)
        !          1352: * message composition:                   Message Format.       (line  6)
        !          1353: * message format:                        Message Format.       (line  6)
        !          1354: * messages:                              Major Concepts.       (line  6)
        !          1355: * moving port rights:                    Exchanging Port Rights.
        !          1356:                                                                (line  6)
        !          1357: * port representing a device:            Device Interface.     (line 13)
        !          1358: * port representing a processor:         Processor Interface.  (line  6)
        !          1359: * port representing a processor set name: Processor Set Ports. (line  6)
        !          1360: * port representing a task:              Task Interface.       (line  6)
        !          1361: * port representing a thread:            Thread Interface.     (line  6)
        !          1362: * port representing a virtual memory map: Virtual Memory Interface.
        !          1363:                                                                (line  6)
        !          1364: * port representing an IPC space:        Port Manipulation Interface.
        !          1365:                                                                (line  9)
        !          1366: * ports representing a host:             Host Ports.           (line  6)
        !          1367: * ports representing a processor set:    Processor Set Ports.  (line  6)
        !          1368: * processor port:                        Processor Interface.  (line  6)
        !          1369: * processor set name port:               Processor Set Ports.  (line  6)
        !          1370: * processor set port:                    Processor Set Ports.  (line 12)
        !          1371: * processor set ports:                   Processor Set Ports.  (line  6)
        !          1372: * receiving memory:                      Memory.               (line  6)
        !          1373: * receiving port rights:                 Exchanging Port Rights.
        !          1374:                                                                (line  6)
        !          1375: * remote procedure calls (RPC):          Major Concepts.       (line  6)
        !          1376: * RPC (remote procedure calls):          Major Concepts.       (line  6)
        !          1377: * sending memory:                        Memory.               (line  6)
        !          1378: * sending messages:                      Message Send.         (line  6)
        !          1379: * sending port rights:                   Exchanging Port Rights.
        !          1380:                                                                (line  6)
        !          1381: * serverboot:                            Modules.              (line  6)
        !          1382: * task port:                             Task Interface.       (line  6)
        !          1383: * thread port:                           Thread Interface.     (line  6)
        !          1384: * virtual memory map port:               Virtual Memory Interface.
        !          1385:                                                                (line  6)
        !          1386: 
        !          1387: 
        !          1388: File: mach.info,  Node: Function and Data Index,  Prev: Concept Index,  Up: Top
        !          1389: 
        !          1390: Function and Data Index
        !          1391: ***********************
        !          1392: 
        !          1393: [index]
        !          1394: * Menu:
        !          1395: 
        !          1396: * catch_exception_raise:                 Exceptions.          (line   6)
        !          1397: * device_close:                          Device Close.        (line   6)
        !          1398: * device_get_status:                     Device Status.       (line  17)
        !          1399: * device_map:                            Device Map.          (line   6)
        !          1400: * device_open:                           Device Open.         (line   6)
        !          1401: * device_open_request:                   Device Open.         (line  33)
        !          1402: * device_read:                           Device Read.         (line   6)
        !          1403: * device_read_inband:                    Device Read.         (line  24)
        !          1404: * device_read_request:                   Device Read.         (line  31)
        !          1405: * device_read_request_inband:            Device Read.         (line  48)
        !          1406: * device_reply_server:                   Device Reply Server. (line  10)
        !          1407: * device_set_filter:                     Device Filter.       (line   6)
        !          1408: * device_set_status:                     Device Status.       (line   6)
        !          1409: * device_t:                              Device Interface.    (line  13)
        !          1410: * device_write:                          Device Write.        (line   6)
        !          1411: * device_write_inband:                   Device Write.        (line  21)
        !          1412: * device_write_request:                  Device Write.        (line  28)
        !          1413: * device_write_request_inband:           Device Write.        (line  45)
        !          1414: * ds_device_open_reply:                  Device Open.         (line  36)
        !          1415: * ds_device_read_reply:                  Device Read.         (line  34)
        !          1416: * ds_device_read_reply_inband:           Device Read.         (line  52)
        !          1417: * ds_device_write_reply:                 Device Write.        (line  31)
        !          1418: * ds_device_write_reply_inband:          Device Write.        (line  49)
        !          1419: * evc_wait:                              Exceptions.          (line  17)
        !          1420: * exception_raise:                       Exceptions.          (line  11)
        !          1421: * host_adjust_time:                      Host Time.           (line  40)
        !          1422: * host_basic_info_t:                     Host Information.    (line  74)
        !          1423: * host_get_boot_info:                    Host Information.    (line 112)
        !          1424: * host_get_time:                         Host Time.           (line  31)
        !          1425: * host_info:                             Host Information.    (line   6)
        !          1426: * host_kernel_version:                   Host Information.    (line  94)
        !          1427: * host_priv_t:                           Host Ports.          (line  34)
        !          1428: * host_processors:                       Hosted Processors.   (line   6)
        !          1429: * host_processor_sets:                   Processor Set Access.
        !          1430:                                                               (line   6)
        !          1431: * host_processor_set_priv:               Processor Set Access.
        !          1432:                                                               (line  21)
        !          1433: * host_reboot:                           Host Reboot.         (line   6)
        !          1434: * host_sched_info_t:                     Host Information.    (line  91)
        !          1435: * host_set_time:                         Host Time.           (line  36)
        !          1436: * host_t:                                Host Ports.          (line   6)
        !          1437: * ipc_space_t:                           Port Manipulation Interface.
        !          1438:                                                               (line   9)
        !          1439: * mach_host_self:                        Host Ports.          (line  13)
        !          1440: * mach_msg:                              Mach Message Call.   (line   9)
        !          1441: * MACH_MSGH_BITS:                        Message Format.      (line  94)
        !          1442: * MACH_MSGH_BITS_LOCAL:                  Message Format.      (line 106)
        !          1443: * MACH_MSGH_BITS_OTHER:                  Message Format.      (line 116)
        !          1444: * MACH_MSGH_BITS_PORTS:                  Message Format.      (line 111)
        !          1445: * MACH_MSGH_BITS_REMOTE:                 Message Format.      (line 101)
        !          1446: * mach_msg_bits_t:                       Message Format.      (line  20)
        !          1447: * mach_msg_header_t:                     Message Format.      (line  32)
        !          1448: * mach_msg_id_t:                         Message Format.      (line  28)
        !          1449: * mach_msg_size_t:                       Message Format.      (line  24)
        !          1450: * mach_msg_timeout_t:                    Mach Message Call.   (line  60)
        !          1451: * mach_msg_type_long_t:                  Message Format.      (line 231)
        !          1452: * mach_msg_type_name_t:                  Message Format.      (line 127)
        !          1453: * mach_msg_type_number_t:                Message Format.      (line 137)
        !          1454: * MACH_MSG_TYPE_PORT_ANY:                Message Format.      (line 217)
        !          1455: * MACH_MSG_TYPE_PORT_ANY_RIGHT:          Message Format.      (line 226)
        !          1456: * MACH_MSG_TYPE_PORT_ANY_SEND:           Message Format.      (line 221)
        !          1457: * mach_msg_type_size_t:                  Message Format.      (line 132)
        !          1458: * mach_msg_type_t:                       Message Format.      (line 142)
        !          1459: * mach_port_allocate:                    Port Creation.       (line   6)
        !          1460: * mach_port_allocate_name:               Port Creation.       (line  64)
        !          1461: * mach_port_deallocate:                  Port Destruction.    (line   6)
        !          1462: * mach_port_destroy:                     Port Destruction.    (line  28)
        !          1463: * mach_port_extract_right:               Ports and other Tasks.
        !          1464:                                                               (line  57)
        !          1465: * mach_port_get_receive_status:          Receive Rights.      (line  54)
        !          1466: * mach_port_get_refs:                    Port Rights.         (line   6)
        !          1467: * mach_port_get_set_status:              Port Sets.           (line   6)
        !          1468: * mach_port_insert_right:                Ports and other Tasks.
        !          1469:                                                               (line   6)
        !          1470: * mach_port_mod_refs:                    Port Rights.         (line  35)
        !          1471: * mach_port_move_member:                 Port Sets.           (line  26)
        !          1472: * mach_port_mscount_t:                   Receive Rights.      (line  10)
        !          1473: * mach_port_msgcount_t:                  Receive Rights.      (line  14)
        !          1474: * mach_port_names:                       Port Names.          (line   6)
        !          1475: * mach_port_rename:                      Port Names.          (line  75)
        !          1476: * mach_port_request_notification:        Request Notifications.
        !          1477:                                                               (line   6)
        !          1478: * mach_port_rights_t:                    Receive Rights.      (line  18)
        !          1479: * mach_port_seqno_t:                     Receive Rights.      (line   6)
        !          1480: * mach_port_set_mscount:                 Receive Rights.      (line  71)
        !          1481: * mach_port_set_qlimit:                  Receive Rights.      (line  88)
        !          1482: * mach_port_set_seqno:                   Receive Rights.      (line 106)
        !          1483: * mach_port_status_t:                    Receive Rights.      (line  22)
        !          1484: * mach_port_t:                           Message Format.      (line  13)
        !          1485: * mach_port_type:                        Port Names.          (line  33)
        !          1486: * mach_reply_port:                       Port Creation.       (line  47)
        !          1487: * mach_task_self:                        Task Information.    (line   6)
        !          1488: * mach_thread_self:                      Thread Information.  (line   6)
        !          1489: * mapped_time_value_t:                   Host Time.           (line  49)
        !          1490: * memory_object_change_attributes:       Memory Object Attributes.
        !          1491:                                                               (line  25)
        !          1492: * memory_object_change_completed:        Memory Object Attributes.
        !          1493:                                                               (line  60)
        !          1494: * memory_object_copy:                    Memory Objects and Data.
        !          1495:                                                               (line 202)
        !          1496: * memory_object_create:                  Default Memory Manager.
        !          1497:                                                               (line  25)
        !          1498: * memory_object_data_error:              Memory Objects and Data.
        !          1499:                                                               (line 152)
        !          1500: * memory_object_data_initialize:         Default Memory Manager.
        !          1501:                                                               (line  69)
        !          1502: * memory_object_data_provided:           Memory Objects and Data.
        !          1503:                                                               (line 284)
        !          1504: * memory_object_data_request:            Memory Objects and Data.
        !          1505:                                                               (line  45)
        !          1506: * memory_object_data_return:             Memory Objects and Data.
        !          1507:                                                               (line   6)
        !          1508: * memory_object_data_supply:             Memory Objects and Data.
        !          1509:                                                               (line  80)
        !          1510: * memory_object_data_unavailable:        Memory Objects and Data.
        !          1511:                                                               (line 172)
        !          1512: * memory_object_data_unlock:             Memory Object Locking.
        !          1513:                                                               (line  81)
        !          1514: * memory_object_data_write:              Memory Objects and Data.
        !          1515:                                                               (line 254)
        !          1516: * memory_object_default_server:          Memory Object Server.
        !          1517:                                                               (line   8)
        !          1518: * memory_object_destroy:                 Memory Object Termination.
        !          1519:                                                               (line  35)
        !          1520: * memory_object_get_attributes:          Memory Object Attributes.
        !          1521:                                                               (line   6)
        !          1522: * memory_object_init:                    Memory Object Creation.
        !          1523:                                                               (line   6)
        !          1524: * memory_object_lock_completed:          Memory Object Locking.
        !          1525:                                                               (line  55)
        !          1526: * memory_object_lock_request:            Memory Object Locking.
        !          1527:                                                               (line   6)
        !          1528: * memory_object_ready:                   Memory Object Creation.
        !          1529:                                                               (line  48)
        !          1530: * memory_object_server:                  Memory Object Server.
        !          1531:                                                               (line   6)
        !          1532: * memory_object_set_attributes:          Memory Object Attributes.
        !          1533:                                                               (line  76)
        !          1534: * memory_object_supply_completed:        Memory Objects and Data.
        !          1535:                                                               (line 121)
        !          1536: * memory_object_terminate:               Memory Object Termination.
        !          1537:                                                               (line   6)
        !          1538: * processor_assign:                      Processors and Sets. (line   6)
        !          1539: * processor_basic_info_t:                Processor Info.      (line  66)
        !          1540: * processor_control:                     Processor Control.   (line   8)
        !          1541: * processor_exit:                        Processor Control.   (line   7)
        !          1542: * processor_get_assignment:              Processors and Sets. (line  30)
        !          1543: * processor_info:                        Processor Info.      (line   6)
        !          1544: * processor_set_basic_info_t:            Processor Set Info.  (line  74)
        !          1545: * processor_set_create:                  Processor Set Creation.
        !          1546:                                                               (line   6)
        !          1547: * processor_set_default:                 Processor Set Access.
        !          1548:                                                               (line  33)
        !          1549: * processor_set_destroy:                 Processor Set Destruction.
        !          1550:                                                               (line   6)
        !          1551: * processor_set_info:                    Processor Set Info.  (line   6)
        !          1552: * processor_set_max_priority:            Processor Set Priority.
        !          1553:                                                               (line   6)
        !          1554: * processor_set_name_t:                  Processor Set Ports. (line   6)
        !          1555: * processor_set_policy_disable:          Processor Set Policy.
        !          1556:                                                               (line   8)
        !          1557: * processor_set_policy_enable:           Processor Set Policy.
        !          1558:                                                               (line   6)
        !          1559: * processor_set_sched_info_t:            Processor Set Info.  (line  92)
        !          1560: * processor_set_t:                       Processor Set Ports. (line  12)
        !          1561: * processor_set_tasks:                   Tasks and Threads on Sets.
        !          1562:                                                               (line   6)
        !          1563: * processor_set_threads:                 Tasks and Threads on Sets.
        !          1564:                                                               (line  20)
        !          1565: * processor_start:                       Processor Control.   (line   6)
        !          1566: * processor_t:                           Processor Interface. (line   6)
        !          1567: * sampled_pc_flavor_t:                   Profiling.           (line  67)
        !          1568: * sampled_pc_t:                          Profiling.           (line  52)
        !          1569: * seqnos_memory_object_change_completed: Memory Object Attributes.
        !          1570:                                                               (line  63)
        !          1571: * seqnos_memory_object_copy:             Memory Objects and Data.
        !          1572:                                                               (line 207)
        !          1573: * seqnos_memory_object_create:           Default Memory Manager.
        !          1574:                                                               (line  30)
        !          1575: * seqnos_memory_object_data_initialize:  Default Memory Manager.
        !          1576:                                                               (line  73)
        !          1577: * seqnos_memory_object_data_request:     Memory Objects and Data.
        !          1578:                                                               (line  49)
        !          1579: * seqnos_memory_object_data_return:      Memory Objects and Data.
        !          1580:                                                               (line  11)
        !          1581: * seqnos_memory_object_data_unlock:      Memory Object Locking.
        !          1582:                                                               (line  85)
        !          1583: * seqnos_memory_object_data_write:       Memory Objects and Data.
        !          1584:                                                               (line 258)
        !          1585: * seqnos_memory_object_default_server:   Memory Object Server.
        !          1586:                                                               (line  12)
        !          1587: * seqnos_memory_object_init:             Memory Object Creation.
        !          1588:                                                               (line  11)
        !          1589: * seqnos_memory_object_lock_completed:   Memory Object Locking.
        !          1590:                                                               (line  59)
        !          1591: * seqnos_memory_object_server:           Memory Object Server.
        !          1592:                                                               (line  10)
        !          1593: * seqnos_memory_object_supply_completed: Memory Objects and Data.
        !          1594:                                                               (line 126)
        !          1595: * seqnos_memory_object_terminate:        Memory Object Termination.
        !          1596:                                                               (line  10)
        !          1597: * struct host_basic_info:                Host Information.    (line  47)
        !          1598: * struct host_sched_info:                Host Information.    (line  77)
        !          1599: * struct processor_basic_info:           Processor Info.      (line  43)
        !          1600: * struct processor_set_basic_info:       Processor Set Info.  (line  50)
        !          1601: * struct processor_set_sched_info:       Processor Set Info.  (line  77)
        !          1602: * struct task_basic_info:                Task Information.    (line  81)
        !          1603: * struct task_events_info:               Task Information.    (line 112)
        !          1604: * struct task_thread_times_info:         Task Information.    (line 143)
        !          1605: * struct thread_basic_info:              Thread Information.  (line  65)
        !          1606: * struct thread_sched_info:              Thread Information.  (line 126)
        !          1607: * swtch:                                 Hand-Off Scheduling. (line  81)
        !          1608: * swtch_pri:                             Hand-Off Scheduling. (line  93)
        !          1609: * task_assign:                           Tasks and Threads on Sets.
        !          1610:                                                               (line  34)
        !          1611: * task_assign_default:                   Tasks and Threads on Sets.
        !          1612:                                                               (line  47)
        !          1613: * task_basic_info_t:                     Task Information.    (line 109)
        !          1614: * task_create:                           Task Creation.       (line   6)
        !          1615: * task_disable_pc_sampling:              Profiling.           (line  20)
        !          1616: * task_enable_pc_sampling:               Profiling.           (line   6)
        !          1617: * task_events_info_t:                    Task Information.    (line 140)
        !          1618: * task_get_assignment:                   Tasks and Threads on Sets.
        !          1619:                                                               (line  57)
        !          1620: * task_get_bootstrap_port:               Task Special Ports.  (line  40)
        !          1621: * task_get_emulation_vector:             Syscall Emulation.   (line   6)
        !          1622: * task_get_exception_port:               Task Special Ports.  (line  34)
        !          1623: * task_get_kernel_port:                  Task Special Ports.  (line  28)
        !          1624: * task_get_sampled_pcs:                  Profiling.           (line  34)
        !          1625: * task_get_special_port:                 Task Special Ports.  (line   6)
        !          1626: * task_info:                             Task Information.    (line  41)
        !          1627: * task_priority:                         Task Execution.      (line  27)
        !          1628: * task_ras_control:                      Task Execution.      (line  45)
        !          1629: * task_resume:                           Task Execution.      (line  18)
        !          1630: * task_set_bootstrap_port:               Task Special Ports.  (line  76)
        !          1631: * task_set_emulation:                    Syscall Emulation.   (line  20)
        !          1632: * task_set_emulation_vector:             Syscall Emulation.   (line  12)
        !          1633: * task_set_exception_port:               Task Special Ports.  (line  70)
        !          1634: * task_set_kernel_port:                  Task Special Ports.  (line  64)
        !          1635: * task_set_special_port:                 Task Special Ports.  (line  46)
        !          1636: * task_suspend:                          Task Execution.      (line   6)
        !          1637: * task_t:                                Task Interface.      (line   6)
        !          1638: * task_terminate:                        Task Termination.    (line   6)
        !          1639: * task_threads:                          Task Information.    (line  30)
        !          1640: * task_thread_times_info_t:              Task Information.    (line 157)
        !          1641: * thread_abort:                          Thread Execution.    (line  36)
        !          1642: * thread_assign:                         Tasks and Threads on Sets.
        !          1643:                                                               (line  69)
        !          1644: * thread_assign_default:                 Tasks and Threads on Sets.
        !          1645:                                                               (line  83)
        !          1646: * thread_basic_info_t:                   Thread Information.  (line 123)
        !          1647: * thread_create:                         Thread Creation.     (line   6)
        !          1648: * thread_depress_abort:                  Hand-Off Scheduling. (line  74)
        !          1649: * thread_disable_pc_sampling:            Profiling.           (line  22)
        !          1650: * thread_enable_pc_sampling:             Profiling.           (line   8)
        !          1651: * thread_get_assignment:                 Tasks and Threads on Sets.
        !          1652:                                                               (line  93)
        !          1653: * thread_get_exception_port:             Thread Special Ports.
        !          1654:                                                               (line  25)
        !          1655: * thread_get_kernel_port:                Thread Special Ports.
        !          1656:                                                               (line  19)
        !          1657: * thread_get_sampled_pcs:                Profiling.           (line  37)
        !          1658: * thread_get_special_port:               Thread Special Ports.
        !          1659:                                                               (line   6)
        !          1660: * thread_get_state:                      Thread Execution.    (line  98)
        !          1661: * thread_info:                           Thread Information.  (line  30)
        !          1662: * thread_max_priority:                   Thread Priority.     (line  36)
        !          1663: * thread_policy:                         Scheduling Policy.   (line   6)
        !          1664: * thread_priority:                       Thread Priority.     (line  18)
        !          1665: * thread_resume:                         Thread Execution.    (line  27)
        !          1666: * thread_sched_info_t:                   Thread Information.  (line 157)
        !          1667: * thread_set_exception_port:             Thread Special Ports.
        !          1668:                                                               (line  50)
        !          1669: * thread_set_kernel_port:                Thread Special Ports.
        !          1670:                                                               (line  44)
        !          1671: * thread_set_special_port:               Thread Special Ports.
        !          1672:                                                               (line  31)
        !          1673: * thread_set_state:                      Thread Execution.    (line 122)
        !          1674: * thread_suspend:                        Thread Execution.    (line   6)
        !          1675: * thread_switch:                         Hand-Off Scheduling. (line   6)
        !          1676: * thread_t:                              Thread Interface.    (line   6)
        !          1677: * thread_terminate:                      Thread Termination.  (line   6)
        !          1678: * thread_wire:                           Thread Settings.     (line   6)
        !          1679: * time_value_add:                        Host Time.           (line  23)
        !          1680: * time_value_add_usec:                   Host Time.           (line  19)
        !          1681: * time_value_t:                          Host Time.           (line   6)
        !          1682: * vm_allocate:                           Memory Allocation.   (line   6)
        !          1683: * vm_copy:                               Data Transfer.       (line  50)
        !          1684: * vm_deallocate:                         Memory Deallocation. (line   6)
        !          1685: * vm_inherit:                            Memory Attributes.   (line  68)
        !          1686: * vm_machine_attribute:                  Memory Attributes.   (line 130)
        !          1687: * vm_map:                                Mapping Memory Objects.
        !          1688:                                                               (line   6)
        !          1689: * vm_protect:                            Memory Attributes.   (line  34)
        !          1690: * vm_read:                               Data Transfer.       (line   6)
        !          1691: * vm_region:                             Memory Attributes.   (line   6)
        !          1692: * vm_set_default_memory_manager:         Default Memory Manager.
        !          1693:                                                               (line   6)
        !          1694: * vm_statistics:                         Memory Statistics.   (line  50)
        !          1695: * vm_statistics_data_t:                  Memory Statistics.   (line   6)
        !          1696: * vm_task_t:                             Virtual Memory Interface.
        !          1697:                                                               (line   6)
        !          1698: * vm_wire:                               Memory Attributes.   (line  98)
        !          1699: * vm_write:                              Data Transfer.       (line  31)
        !          1700: 

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