![[BACK]](/cvsweb/icons/back.gif){kind=icon}
Return to mach.info-2 CVS log ![[TXT]](/cvsweb/icons/text.gif){kind=icon}
![[DIR]](/cvsweb/icons/dir.gif){kind=icon}
Up to [GnuMach] / Gnu-Mach / doc|
Return to mach.info-2 CVS log | Up to [GnuMach] / Gnu-Mach / doc |
1.1 root 1: This is mach.info, produced by makeinfo version 5.1 from mach.texi.
2:
3: This file documents the GNU Mach microkernel.
4:
5: This is edition 0.4, last updated on 27 September 2013, of 'The GNU
6: Mach Reference Manual', for version 1.4.
7:
8: Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation,
9: Inc.
10:
11: Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
12: document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
13: Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software
14: Foundation; with no Invariant Section, with no Front-Cover Texts,
15: and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in
16: the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
17:
18: This work is based on manual pages under the following copyright
19: and license:
20:
21: Mach Operating System
22: Copyright (C) 1991,1990 Carnegie Mellon University
23: All Rights Reserved.
24:
25: Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and
26: its documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the
27: copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of
28: the software, derivative works or modified versions, and any
29: portions thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting
30: documentation.
31:
32: CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS"
33: CONDITION. CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND FOR
34: ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
35: INFO-DIR-SECTION Kernel
36: START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
37: * GNUMach: (mach). Using and programming the GNU Mach microkernel.
38: END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
39:
40:
41: File: mach.info, Node: Commands, Next: Variables, Prev: Operation, Up: Kernel Debugger
42:
43: 11.2 Commands
44: =============
45:
46: 'examine(x) [/MODIFIER] ADDR[,COUNT] [ THREAD ]'
47: Display the addressed locations according to the formats in the
48: modifier. Multiple modifier formats display multiple locations.
49: If no format is specified, the last formats specified for this
50: command is used. Address space other than that of the current
51: thread can be specified with 't' option in the modifier and THREAD
52: parameter. The format characters are
53:
54: 'b'
55: look at by bytes(8 bits)
56:
57: 'h'
58: look at by half words(16 bits)
59:
60: 'l'
61: look at by long words(32 bits)
62:
63: 'a'
64: print the location being displayed
65:
66: ','
67: skip one unit producing no output
68:
69: 'A'
70: print the location with a line number if possible
71:
72: 'x'
73: display in unsigned hex
74:
75: 'z'
76: display in signed hex
77:
78: 'o'
79: display in unsigned octal
80:
81: 'd'
82: display in signed decimal
83:
84: 'u'
85: display in unsigned decimal
86:
87: 'r'
88: display in current radix, signed
89:
90: 'c'
91: display low 8 bits as a character. Non-printing characters
92: are displayed as an octal escape code (e.g. '\000').
93:
94: 's'
95: display the null-terminated string at the location.
96: Non-printing characters are displayed as octal escapes.
97:
98: 'm'
99: display in unsigned hex with character dump at the end of each
100: line. The location is also displayed in hex at the beginning
101: of each line.
102:
103: 'i'
104: display as an instruction
105:
106: 'I'
107: display as an instruction with possible alternate formats
108: depending on the machine:
109:
110: 'vax'
111: don't assume that each external label is a procedure
112: entry mask
113:
114: 'i386'
115: don't round to the next long word boundary
116:
117: 'mips'
118: print register contents
119:
120: 'xf'
121: Examine forward. It executes an examine command with the last
122: specified parameters to it except that the next address displayed
123: by it is used as the start address.
124:
125: 'xb'
126: Examine backward. It executes an examine command with the last
127: specified parameters to it except that the last start address
128: subtracted by the size displayed by it is used as the start
129: address.
130:
131: 'print[/axzodurc] ADDR1 [ ADDR2 ... ]'
132: Print ADDR's according to the modifier character. Valid formats
133: are: 'a' 'x' 'z' 'o' 'd' 'u' 'r' 'c'. If no modifier is specified,
134: the last one specified to it is used. ADDR can be a string, and it
135: is printed as it is. For example,
136:
137: print/x "eax = " $eax "\necx = " $ecx "\n"
138:
139: will print like
140:
141: eax = xxxxxx
142: ecx = yyyyyy
143:
144: 'write[/bhlt] ADDR [ THREAD ] EXPR1 [ EXPR2 ... ]'
145: Write the expressions at succeeding locations. The write unit size
146: can be specified in the modifier with a letter b (byte), h (half
147: word) or l(long word) respectively. If omitted, long word is
148: assumed. Target address space can also be specified with 't'
149: option in the modifier and THREAD parameter. Warning: since there
150: is no delimiter between expressions, strange things may happen.
151: It's best to enclose each expression in parentheses.
152:
153: 'set $VARIABLE [=] EXPR'
154: Set the named variable or register with the value of EXPR. Valid
155: variable names are described below.
156:
157: 'break[/tuTU] ADDR[,COUNT] [ THREAD1 ... ]'
158: Set a break point at ADDR. If count is supplied, continues
159: (COUNT-1) times before stopping at the break point. If the break
160: point is set, a break point number is printed with '#'. This
161: number can be used in deleting the break point or adding conditions
162: to it.
163:
164: 't'
165: Set a break point only for a specific thread. The thread is
166: specified by THREAD parameter, or default one is used if the
167: parameter is omitted.
168:
169: 'u'
170: Set a break point in user space address. It may be combined
171: with 't' or 'T' option to specify the non-current target user
172: space. Without 'u' option, the address is considered in the
173: kernel space, and wrong space address is rejected with an
174: error message. This option can be used only if it is
175: supported by machine dependent routines.
176:
177: 'T'
178: Set a break point only for threads in a specific task. It is
179: like 't' option except that the break point is valid for all
180: threads which belong to the same task as the specified target
181: thread.
182:
183: 'U'
184: Set a break point in shared user space address. It is like
185: 'u' option, except that the break point is valid for all
186: threads which share the same address space even if 't' option
187: is specified. 't' option is used only to specify the target
188: shared space. Without 't' option, 'u' and 'U' have the same
189: meanings. 'U' is useful for setting a user space break point
190: in non-current address space with 't' option such as in an
191: emulation library space. This option can be used only if it
192: is supported by machine dependent routines.
193:
194: Warning: if a user text is shadowed by a normal user space
195: debugger, user space break points may not work correctly. Setting
196: a break point at the low-level code paths may also cause strange
197: behavior.
198:
199: 'delete[/tuTU] ADDR|#NUMBER [ THREAD1 ... ]'
200: Delete the break point. The target break point can be specified by
201: a break point number with '#', or by ADDR like specified in 'break'
202: command.
203:
204: 'cond #NUMBER [ CONDITION COMMANDS ]'
205: Set or delete a condition for the break point specified by the
206: NUMBER. If the CONDITION and COMMANDS are null, the condition is
207: deleted. Otherwise the condition is set for it. When the break
208: point is hit, the CONDITION is evaluated. The COMMANDS will be
209: executed if the condition is true and the break point count set by
210: a break point command becomes zero. COMMANDS is a list of commands
211: separated by semicolons. Each command in the list is executed in
212: that order, but if a 'continue' command is executed, the command
213: execution stops there, and the stopped thread resumes execution.
214: If the command execution reaches the end of the list, and it enters
215: into a command input mode. For example,
216:
217: set $work0 0
218: break/Tu xxx_start $task7.0
219: cond #1 (1) set $work0 1; set $work1 0; cont
220: break/T vm_fault $task7.0
221: cond #2 ($work0) set $work1 ($work1+1); cont
222: break/Tu xxx_end $task7.0
223: cond #3 ($work0) print $work1 " faults\n"; set $work0 0
224: cont
225:
226: will print page fault counts from 'xxx_start' to 'xxx_end' in
227: 'task7'.
228:
229: 'step[/p] [,COUNT]'
230: Single step COUNT times. If 'p' option is specified, print each
231: instruction at each step. Otherwise, only print the last
232: instruction.
233:
234: Warning: depending on machine type, it may not be possible to
235: single-step through some low-level code paths or user space code.
236: On machines with software-emulated single-stepping (e.g., pmax),
237: stepping through code executed by interrupt handlers will probably
238: do the wrong thing.
239:
240: 'continue[/c]'
241: Continue execution until a breakpoint or watchpoint. If '/c',
242: count instructions while executing. Some machines (e.g., pmax)
243: also count loads and stores.
244:
245: Warning: when counting, the debugger is really silently
246: single-stepping. This means that single-stepping on low-level code
247: may cause strange behavior.
248:
249: 'until'
250: Stop at the next call or return instruction.
251:
252: 'next[/p]'
253: Stop at the matching return instruction. If 'p' option is
254: specified, print the call nesting depth and the cumulative
255: instruction count at each call or return. Otherwise, only print
256: when the matching return is hit.
257:
258: 'match[/p]'
259: A synonym for 'next'.
260:
261: 'trace[/tu] [ FRAME_ADDR|THREAD ][,COUNT]'
262: Stack trace. 'u' option traces user space; if omitted, only traces
263: kernel space. If 't' option is specified, it shows the stack trace
264: of the specified thread or a default target thread. Otherwise, it
265: shows the stack trace of the current thread from the frame address
266: specified by a parameter or from the current frame. COUNT is the
267: number of frames to be traced. If the COUNT is omitted, all frames
268: are printed.
269:
270: Warning: If the target thread's stack is not in the main memory at
271: that time, the stack trace will fail. User space stack trace is
272: valid only if the machine dependent code supports it.
273:
274: 'search[/bhl] ADDR VALUE [MASK] [,COUNT]'
275: Search memory for a value. This command might fail in interesting
276: ways if it doesn't find the searched-for value. This is because
277: 'ddb' doesn't always recover from touching bad memory. The
278: optional count argument limits the search.
279:
280: 'macro NAME COMMANDS'
281: Define a debugger macro as NAME. COMMANDS is a list of commands to
282: be associated with the macro. In the expressions of the command
283: list, a variable '$argxx' can be used to get a parameter passed to
284: the macro. When a macro is called, each argument is evaluated as
285: an expression, and the value is assigned to each parameter,
286: '$arg1', '$arg2', ... respectively. 10 '$arg' variables are
287: reserved to each level of macros, and they can be used as local
288: variables. The nesting of macro can be allowed up to 5 levels.
289: For example,
290:
291: macro xinit set $work0 $arg1
292: macro xlist examine/m $work0,4; set $work0 *($work0)
293: xinit *(xxx_list)
294: xlist
295: ...
296:
297: will print the contents of a list starting from 'xxx_list' by each
298: 'xlist' command.
299:
300: 'dmacro NAME'
301: Delete the macro named NAME.
302:
303: 'show all threads[/ul]'
304: Display all tasks and threads information. This version of 'ddb'
305: prints more information than previous one. It shows UNIX process
306: information like 'ps' for each task. The UNIX process information
307: may not be shown if it is not supported in the machine, or the
308: bottom of the stack of the target task is not in the main memory at
309: that time. It also shows task and thread identification numbers.
310: These numbers can be used to specify a task or a thread
311: symbolically in various commands. The numbers are valid only in
312: the same debugger session. If the execution is resumed again, the
313: numbers may change. The current thread can be distinguished from
314: others by a '#' after the thread id instead of ':'. Without 'l'
315: option, it only shows thread id, thread structure address and the
316: status for each thread. The status consists of 5 letters, R(run),
317: W(wait), S(suspended), O(swapped out) and N(interruptible), and if
318: corresponding status bit is off, '.' is printed instead. If 'l'
319: option is specified, more detail information is printed for each
320: thread.
321:
322: 'show task [ ADDR ]'
323: Display the information of a task specified by ADDR. If ADDR is
324: omitted, current task information is displayed.
325:
326: 'show thread [ ADDR ]'
327: Display the information of a thread specified by ADDR. If ADDR is
328: omitted, current thread information is displayed.
329:
330: 'show registers[/tu [ THREAD ]]'
331: Display the register set. Target thread can be specified with 't'
332: option and THREAD parameter. If 'u' option is specified, it
333: displays user registers instead of kernel or currently saved one.
334:
335: Warning: The support of 't' and 'u' option depends on the machine.
336: If not supported, incorrect information will be displayed.
337:
338: 'show map ADDR'
339: Prints the 'vm_map' at ADDR.
340:
341: 'show object ADDR'
342: Prints the 'vm_object' at ADDR.
343:
344: 'show page ADDR'
345: Prints the 'vm_page' structure at ADDR.
346:
347: 'show port ADDR'
348: Prints the 'ipc_port' structure at ADDR.
349:
350: 'show ipc_port[/t [ THREAD ]]'
351: Prints all 'ipc_port' structure's addresses the target thread has.
352: The target thread is a current thread or that specified by a
353: parameter.
354:
355: 'show macro [ NAME ]'
356: Show the definitions of macros. If NAME is specified, only the
357: definition of it is displayed. Otherwise, definitions of all
358: macros are displayed.
359:
360: 'show watches'
361: Displays all watchpoints.
362:
363: 'watch[/T] ADDR,SIZE [ TASK ]'
364: Set a watchpoint for a region. Execution stops when an attempt to
365: modify the region occurs. The SIZE argument defaults to 4.
366: Without 'T' option, ADDR is assumed to be a kernel address. If you
367: want to set a watch point in user space, specify 'T' and TASK
368: parameter where the address belongs to. If the TASK parameter is
369: omitted, a task of the default target thread or a current task is
370: assumed. If you specify a wrong space address, the request is
371: rejected with an error message.
372:
373: Warning: Attempts to watch wired kernel memory may cause
374: unrecoverable error in some systems such as i386. Watchpoints on
375: user addresses work best.
376:
377: 'dwatch[/T] ADDR [ TASK ]'
378: Clears a watchpoint previously set for a region. Without 'T'
379: option, ADDR is assumed to be a kernel address. If you want to
380: clear a watch point in user space, specify 'T' and TASK parameter
381: where the address belongs to. If the TASK parameter is omitted, a
382: task of the default target thread or a current task is assumed. If
383: you specify a wrong space address, the request is rejected with an
384: error message.
385:
386:
387: File: mach.info, Node: Variables, Next: Expressions, Prev: Commands, Up: Kernel Debugger
388:
389: 11.3 Variables
390: ==============
391:
392: The debugger accesses registers and variables as $NAME. Register names
393: are as in the 'show registers' command. Some variables are suffixed
394: with numbers, and may have some modifier following a colon immediately
395: after the variable name. For example, register variables can have 'u'
396: and 't' modifier to indicate user register and that of a default target
397: thread instead of that of the current thread (e.g. '$eax:tu').
398:
399: Built-in variables currently supported are:
400:
401: 'taskXX[.YY]'
402: Task or thread structure address. XX and YY are task and thread
403: identification numbers printed by a 'show all threads' command
404: respectively. This variable is read only.
405:
406: 'thread'
407: The default target thread. The value is used when 't' option is
408: specified without explicit thread structure address parameter in
409: command lines or expression evaluation.
410:
411: 'radix'
412: Input and output radix
413:
414: 'maxoff'
415: Addresses are printed as SYMBOL+OFFSET unless offset is greater
416: than maxoff.
417:
418: 'maxwidth'
419: The width of the displayed line.
420:
421: 'lines'
422: The number of lines. It is used by 'more' feature.
423:
424: 'tabstops'
425: Tab stop width.
426:
427: 'argXX'
428: Parameters passed to a macro. XX can be 1 to 10.
429:
430: 'workXX'
431: Work variable. XX can be 0 to 31.
432:
433:
434: File: mach.info, Node: Expressions, Prev: Variables, Up: Kernel Debugger
435:
436: 11.4 Expressions
437: ================
438:
439: Almost all expression operators in C are supported except '~', '^', and
440: unary '&'. Special rules in 'ddb' are:
441:
442: 'IDENTIFIER'
443: name of a symbol. It is translated to the address(or value) of it.
444: '.' and ':' can be used in the identifier. If supported by an
445: object format dependent routine, [FILE_NAME:]FUNC[:LINE_NUMBER]
446: [FILE_NAME:]VARIABLE, and FILE_NAME[:LINE_NUMBER] can be accepted
447: as a symbol. The symbol may be prefixed with 'SYMBOL_TABLE_NAME::'
448: like 'emulator::mach_msg_trap' to specify other than kernel
449: symbols.
450:
451: 'NUMBER'
452: radix is determined by the first two letters:
453: '0x'
454: hex
455: '0o'
456: octal
457: '0t'
458: decimal
459:
460: otherwise, follow current radix.
461:
462: '.'
463: dot
464:
465: '+'
466: next
467:
468: '..'
469: address of the start of the last line examined. Unlike dot or
470: next, this is only changed by 'examine' or 'write' command.
471:
472: '�'
473: last address explicitly specified.
474:
475: '$VARIABLE'
476: register name or variable. It is translated to the value of it.
477: It may be followed by a ':' and modifiers as described above.
478:
479: 'a'
480: multiple of right hand side.
481:
482: '*EXPR'
483: indirection. It may be followed by a ':' and modifiers as
484: described above.
485:
486:
487: File: mach.info, Node: Copying, Next: Documentation License, Prev: Kernel Debugger, Up: Top
488:
489: GNU General Public License
490: **************************
491:
492: Version 2, June 1991
493:
494: Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
495: 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
496:
497: Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
498: of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
499:
500: Preamble
501: ========
502:
503: The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to
504: share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is
505: intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to
506: make sure the software is free for all its users. This General Public
507: License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and
508: to any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free
509: Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Lesser General Public
510: License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too.
511:
512: When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
513: price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
514: have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
515: this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if
516: you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
517: free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
518:
519: To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
520: anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
521: These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
522: distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
523:
524: For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
525: gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
526: you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
527: source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
528: rights.
529:
530: We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software,
531: and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
532: distribute and/or modify the software.
533:
534: Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
535: that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
536: software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
537: want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
538: that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
539: authors' reputations.
540:
541: Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
542: patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
543: program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
544: program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
545: patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
546:
547: The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
548: modification follow.
549:
550: TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
551: ===============================================================
552:
553: 0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a
554: notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
555: under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program",
556: below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the
557: Program" means either the Program or any derivative work under
558: copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a
559: portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or
560: translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is
561: included without limitation in the term "modification".) Each
562: licensee is addressed as "you".
563:
564: Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are
565: not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act
566: of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the
567: Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on
568: the Program (independent of having been made by running the
569: Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
570:
571: 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source
572: code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
573: conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
574: copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
575: notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any
576: warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of
577: this License along with the Program.
578:
579: You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,
580: and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange
581: for a fee.
582:
583: 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of
584: it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
585: distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
586: above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
587:
588: a. You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
589: stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
590:
591: b. You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that
592: in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or
593: any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to
594: all third parties under the terms of this License.
595:
596: c. If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
597: when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
598: interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display
599: an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and
600: a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you
601: provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the
602: program under these conditions, and telling the user how to
603: view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program
604: itself is interactive but does not normally print such an
605: announcement, your work based on the Program is not required
606: to print an announcement.)
607:
608: These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
609: identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the
610: Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate
611: works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply
612: to those sections when you distribute them as separate works. But
613: when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a
614: work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on
615: the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees
616: extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part
617: regardless of who wrote it.
618:
619: Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or
620: contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the
621: intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of
622: derivative or collective works based on the Program.
623:
624: In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the
625: Program with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a
626: volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other
627: work under the scope of this License.
628:
629: 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
630: under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms
631: of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the
632: following:
633:
634: a. Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
635: source code, which must be distributed under the terms of
636: Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for
637: software interchange; or,
638:
639: b. Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
640: years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
641: cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
642: machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
643: distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a
644: medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
645:
646: c. Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
647: to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
648: allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
649: received the program in object code or executable form with
650: such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
651:
652: The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
653: making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete
654: source code means all the source code for all modules it contains,
655: plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts
656: used to control compilation and installation of the executable.
657: However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need
658: not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source
659: or binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so
660: on) of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless
661: that component itself accompanies the executable.
662:
663: If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
664: access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
665: access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
666: distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
667: compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
668:
669: 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
670: except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
671: otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
672: void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this
673: License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights,
674: from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated
675: so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
676:
677: 5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
678: signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify
679: or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions
680: are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.
681: Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work
682: based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License
683: to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying,
684: distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it.
685:
686: 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
687: Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
688: original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject
689: to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
690: restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted
691: herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third
692: parties to this License.
693:
694: 7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
695: infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent
696: issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order,
697: agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this
698: License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this
699: License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously
700: your obligations under this License and any other pertinent
701: obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the
702: Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit
703: royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive
704: copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you
705: could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely
706: from distribution of the Program.
707:
708: If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable
709: under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is
710: intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply
711: in other circumstances.
712:
713: It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
714: patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of
715: any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting
716: the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
717: implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
718: generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
719: through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
720: system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is
721: willing to distribute software through any other system and a
722: licensee cannot impose that choice.
723:
724: This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed
725: to be a consequence of the rest of this License.
726:
727: 8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
728: certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces,
729: the original copyright holder who places the Program under this
730: License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation
731: excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only
732: in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this
733: License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of
734: this License.
735:
736: 9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new
737: versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new
738: versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
739: differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
740:
741: Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
742: Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to
743: it and "any later version", you have the option of following the
744: terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version
745: published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not
746: specify a version number of this License, you may choose any
747: version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
748:
749: 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
750: programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the
751: author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by
752: the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software
753: Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision
754: will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of
755: all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing
756: and reuse of software generally.
757:
758: 11. NO WARRANTY
759:
760: BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO
761: WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE
762: LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
763: AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
764: OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
765: LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
766: FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND
767: PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE
768: DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR
769: OR CORRECTION.
770:
771: 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN
772: WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY
773: MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE
774: LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL,
775: INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR
776: INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
777: DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU
778: OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY
779: OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN
780: ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
781:
782: END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
783:
784: Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
785: =======================================================
786:
787: If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
788: possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
789: free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
790: terms.
791:
792: To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
793: to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
794: convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
795: "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
796:
797: ONE LINE TO GIVE THE PROGRAM'S NAME AND A BRIEF IDEA OF WHAT IT DOES.
798: Copyright (C) YYYY NAME OF AUTHOR
799:
800: This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
801: it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
802: the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
803: (at your option) any later version.
804:
805: This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
806: but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
807: MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
808: GNU General Public License for more details.
809:
810: You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
811: along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
812: Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
813:
814: Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper
815: mail.
816:
817: If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like
818: this when it starts in an interactive mode:
819:
820: Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) YEAR NAME OF AUTHOR
821: Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
822: This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
823: under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
824:
825: The hypothetical commands 'show w' and 'show c' should show the
826: appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the
827: commands you use may be called something other than 'show w' and 'show
828: c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your
829: program.
830:
831: You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or
832: your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program,
833: if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
834:
835: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
836: `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
837:
838: SIGNATURE OF TY COON, 1 April 1989
839: Ty Coon, President of Vice
840:
841: This General Public License does not permit incorporating your
842: program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine
843: library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary
844: applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the
845: GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License.
846:
847:
848: File: mach.info, Node: Documentation License, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Copying, Up: Top
849:
850: Appendix A Documentation License
851: ********************************
852:
853: This manual is copyrighted and licensed under the GNU Free Documentation
854: license.
855:
856: Parts of this manual are derived from the Mach manual packages
857: originally provided by Carnegie Mellon University.
858:
859: * Menu:
860:
861: * GNU Free Documentation License:: The GNU Free Documentation License.
862: * CMU License:: The CMU license applies to the original Mach
863: kernel and its documentation.
864:
865:
866: File: mach.info, Node: GNU Free Documentation License, Next: CMU License, Up: Documentation License
867:
868: A.1 GNU Free Documentation License
869: ==================================
870:
871: Version 1.2, November 2002
872:
873: Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
874: 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
875:
876: Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
877: of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
878:
879: 0. PREAMBLE
880:
881: The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
882: functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
883: assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
884: with or without modifying it, either commercially or
885: noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the
886: author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not
887: being considered responsible for modifications made by others.
888:
889: This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
890: works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.
891: It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
892: license designed for free software.
893:
894: We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
895: free software, because free software needs free documentation: a
896: free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms
897: that the software does. But this License is not limited to
898: software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless
899: of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We
900: recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is
901: instruction or reference.
902:
903: 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
904:
905: This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium,
906: that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can
907: be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice
908: grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration,
909: to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The
910: "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member
911: of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept
912: the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way
913: requiring permission under copyright law.
914:
915: A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
916: Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
917: modifications and/or translated into another language.
918:
919: A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section
920: of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
921: publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall
922: subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could
923: fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document
924: is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not
925: explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of
926: historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or
927: of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position
928: regarding them.
929:
930: The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose
931: titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the
932: notice that says that the Document is released under this License.
933: If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it
934: is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may
935: contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify
936: any Invariant Sections then there are none.
937:
938: The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are
939: listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice
940: that says that the Document is released under this License. A
941: Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may
942: be at most 25 words.
943:
944: A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
945: represented in a format whose specification is available to the
946: general public, that is suitable for revising the document
947: straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed
948: of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely
949: available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text
950: formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats
951: suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise
952: Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has
953: been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by
954: readers is not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if
955: used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is not
956: "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
957:
958: Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
959: ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format,
960: SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming
961: simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification.
962: Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG.
963: Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and
964: edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which
965: the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and
966: the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
967: processors for output purposes only.
968:
969: The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
970: plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the
971: material this License requires to appear in the title page. For
972: works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title
973: Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the
974: work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
975:
976: A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document
977: whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses
978: following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ
979: stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as
980: "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".)
981: To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the
982: Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according
983: to this definition.
984:
985: The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice
986: which states that this License applies to the Document. These
987: Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in
988: this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
989: implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and
990: has no effect on the meaning of this License.
991:
992: 2. VERBATIM COPYING
993:
994: You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
995: commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
996: copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License
997: applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you
998: add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You
999: may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading
1000: or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However,
1001: you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you
1002: distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the
1003: conditions in section 3.
1004:
1005: You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above,
1006: and you may publicly display copies.
1007:
1008: 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
1009:
1010: If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly
1011: have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and
1012: the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must
1013: enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all
1014: these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and
1015: Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly
1016: and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The
1017: front cover must present the full title with all words of the title
1018: equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the
1019: covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as
1020: long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these
1021: conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
1022:
1023: If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
1024: legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
1025: reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto
1026: adjacent pages.
1027:
1028: If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document
1029: numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable
1030: Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with
1031: each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general
1032: network-using public has access to download using public-standard
1033: network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free
1034: of added material. If you use the latter option, you must take
1035: reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque
1036: copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will
1037: remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
1038: year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or
1039: through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.
1040:
1041: It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of
1042: the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies,
1043: to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the
1044: Document.
1045:
1046: 4. MODIFICATIONS
1047:
1048: You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document
1049: under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you
1050: release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the
1051: Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing
1052: distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever
1053: possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in
1054: the Modified Version:
1055:
1056: A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title
1057: distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous
1058: versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the
1059: History section of the Document). You may use the same title
1060: as a previous version if the original publisher of that
1061: version gives permission.
1062:
1063: B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or
1064: entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in
1065: the Modified Version, together with at least five of the
1066: principal authors of the Document (all of its principal
1067: authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you
1068: from this requirement.
1069:
1070: C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
1071: Modified Version, as the publisher.
1072:
1073: D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
1074:
1075: E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
1076: adjacent to the other copyright notices.
1077:
1078: F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license
1079: notice giving the public permission to use the Modified
1080: Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in
1081: the Addendum below.
1082:
1083: G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
1084: Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's
1085: license notice.
1086:
1087: H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
1088:
1089: I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title,
1090: and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new
1091: authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the
1092: Title Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in the
1093: Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and
1094: publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add
1095: an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the
1096: previous sentence.
1097:
1098: J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document
1099: for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and
1100: likewise the network locations given in the Document for
1101: previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the
1102: "History" section. You may omit a network location for a work
1103: that was published at least four years before the Document
1104: itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers
1105: to gives permission.
1106:
1107: K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
1108: Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section
1109: all the substance and tone of each of the contributor
1110: acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
1111:
1112: L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered
1113: in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the
1114: equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
1115:
1116: M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section
1117: may not be included in the Modified Version.
1118:
1119: N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
1120: "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant
1121: Section.
1122:
1123: O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
1124:
1125: If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
1126: appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no
1127: material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate
1128: some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their
1129: titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's
1130: license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other
1131: section titles.
1132:
1133: You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
1134: nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
1135: parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text
1136: has been approved by an organization as the authoritative
1137: definition of a standard.
1138:
1139: You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text,
1140: and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of
1141: the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage
1142: of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
1143: through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document
1144: already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added
1145: by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on
1146: behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old
1147: one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added
1148: the old one.
1149:
1150: The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this
1151: License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to
1152: assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
1153:
1154: 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
1155:
1156: You may combine the Document with other documents released under
1157: this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for
1158: modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all
1159: of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,
1160: unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
1161: combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all
1162: their Warranty Disclaimers.
1163:
1164: The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
1165: multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
1166: copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name
1167: but different contents, make the title of each such section unique
1168: by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the
1169: original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a
1170: unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in
1171: the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the
1172: combined work.
1173:
1174: In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled
1175: "History" in the various original documents, forming one section
1176: Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled
1177: "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You
1178: must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements."
1179:
1180: 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
1181:
1182: You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
1183: documents released under this License, and replace the individual
1184: copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy
1185: that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the
1186: rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents
1187: in all other respects.
1188:
1189: You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
1190: distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert
1191: a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
1192: License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
1193: document.
1194:
1195: 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
1196:
1197: A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
1198: separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a
1199: storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the
1200: copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the
1201: legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual
1202: works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this
1203: License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which
1204: are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
1205:
1206: If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
1207: copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half
1208: of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed
1209: on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
1210: electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic
1211: form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket
1212: the whole aggregate.
1213:
1214: 8. TRANSLATION
1215:
1216: Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
1217: distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section
1218: 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
1219: permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
1220: translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
1221: original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
1222: translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
1223: Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also
1224: include the original English version of this License and the
1225: original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a
1226: disagreement between the translation and the original version of
1227: this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will
1228: prevail.
1229:
1230: If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
1231: "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to
1232: Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the
1233: actual title.
1234:
1235: 9. TERMINATION
1236:
1237: You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
1238: except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other
1239: attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is
1240: void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this
1241: License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights,
1242: from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated
1243: so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
1244:
1245: 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
1246:
1247: The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of
1248: the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
1249: versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
1250: differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
1251: <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/>.
1252:
1253: Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version
1254: number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered
1255: version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you
1256: have the option of following the terms and conditions either of
1257: that specified version or of any later version that has been
1258: published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the
1259: Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may
1260: choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free
1261: Software Foundation.
1262:
1263: ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
1264: ====================================================
1265:
1266: To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
1267: the License in the document and put the following copyright and license
1268: notices just after the title page:
1269:
1270: Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME.
1271: Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
1272: under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
1273: or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
1274: with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
1275: Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
1276: Free Documentation License''.
1277:
1278: If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover
1279: Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this:
1280:
1281: with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with
1282: the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts
1283: being LIST.
1284:
1285: If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
1286: combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
1287: situation.
1288:
1289: If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
1290: recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
1291: software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit
1292: their use in free software.
1293:
1294:
1295: File: mach.info, Node: CMU License, Prev: GNU Free Documentation License, Up: Documentation License
1296:
1297: A.2 CMU License
1298: ===============
1299:
1300: Mach Operating System
1301: Copyright (C) 1991,1990,1989 Carnegie Mellon University
1302: All Rights Reserved.
1303:
1304: Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and
1305: its documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the
1306: copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of
1307: the software, derivative works or modified versions, and any
1308: portions thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting
1309: documentation.
1310:
1311: CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS"
1312: CONDITION. CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND FOR
1313: ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
1314:
1315: Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to
1316:
1317: Software Distribution Coordinator
1318: School of Computer Science
1319: Carnegie Mellon University
1320: Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890
1321:
1322: or <[email protected]> any improvements or
1323: extensions that they make and grant Carnegie Mellon the rights to
1324: redistribute these changes.
1325:
1326:
1327: File: mach.info, Node: Concept Index, Next: Function and Data Index, Prev: Documentation License, Up: Top
1328:
1329: Concept Index
1330: *************
1331:
1332: [index ]
1333: * Menu:
1334:
1335: * communication between tasks: Major Concepts. (line 6)
1336: * composing messages: Message Format. (line 6)
1337: * device port: Device Interface. (line 13)
1338: * FDL, GNU Free Documentation License: GNU Free Documentation License.
1339: (line 6)
1340: * format of a message: Message Format. (line 6)
1341: * GPL, GNU General Public License: Copying. (line 6)
1342: * GRand Unified Bootloader: Bootloader. (line 13)
1343: * GRUB: Bootloader. (line 13)
1344: * host control port: Host Ports. (line 34)
1345: * host interface: Host Interface. (line 6)
1346: * host name port: Host Ports. (line 6)
1347: * host ports: Host Ports. (line 6)
1348: * interprocess communication (IPC): Major Concepts. (line 6)
1349: * IPC (interprocess communication): Major Concepts. (line 6)
1350: * IPC space port: Port Manipulation Interface.
1351: (line 9)
1352: * message composition: Message Format. (line 6)
1353: * message format: Message Format. (line 6)
1354: * messages: Major Concepts. (line 6)
1355: * moving port rights: Exchanging Port Rights.
1356: (line 6)
1357: * port representing a device: Device Interface. (line 13)
1358: * port representing a processor: Processor Interface. (line 6)
1359: * port representing a processor set name: Processor Set Ports. (line 6)
1360: * port representing a task: Task Interface. (line 6)
1361: * port representing a thread: Thread Interface. (line 6)
1362: * port representing a virtual memory map: Virtual Memory Interface.
1363: (line 6)
1364: * port representing an IPC space: Port Manipulation Interface.
1365: (line 9)
1366: * ports representing a host: Host Ports. (line 6)
1367: * ports representing a processor set: Processor Set Ports. (line 6)
1368: * processor port: Processor Interface. (line 6)
1369: * processor set name port: Processor Set Ports. (line 6)
1370: * processor set port: Processor Set Ports. (line 12)
1371: * processor set ports: Processor Set Ports. (line 6)
1372: * receiving memory: Memory. (line 6)
1373: * receiving port rights: Exchanging Port Rights.
1374: (line 6)
1375: * remote procedure calls (RPC): Major Concepts. (line 6)
1376: * RPC (remote procedure calls): Major Concepts. (line 6)
1377: * sending memory: Memory. (line 6)
1378: * sending messages: Message Send. (line 6)
1379: * sending port rights: Exchanging Port Rights.
1380: (line 6)
1381: * serverboot: Modules. (line 6)
1382: * task port: Task Interface. (line 6)
1383: * thread port: Thread Interface. (line 6)
1384: * virtual memory map port: Virtual Memory Interface.
1385: (line 6)
1386:
1387:
1388: File: mach.info, Node: Function and Data Index, Prev: Concept Index, Up: Top
1389:
1390: Function and Data Index
1391: ***********************
1392:
1393: [index ]
1394: * Menu:
1395:
1396: * catch_exception_raise: Exceptions. (line 6)
1397: * device_close: Device Close. (line 6)
1398: * device_get_status: Device Status. (line 17)
1399: * device_map: Device Map. (line 6)
1400: * device_open: Device Open. (line 6)
1401: * device_open_request: Device Open. (line 33)
1402: * device_read: Device Read. (line 6)
1403: * device_read_inband: Device Read. (line 24)
1404: * device_read_request: Device Read. (line 31)
1405: * device_read_request_inband: Device Read. (line 48)
1406: * device_reply_server: Device Reply Server. (line 10)
1407: * device_set_filter: Device Filter. (line 6)
1408: * device_set_status: Device Status. (line 6)
1409: * device_t: Device Interface. (line 13)
1410: * device_write: Device Write. (line 6)
1411: * device_write_inband: Device Write. (line 21)
1412: * device_write_request: Device Write. (line 28)
1413: * device_write_request_inband: Device Write. (line 45)
1414: * ds_device_open_reply: Device Open. (line 36)
1415: * ds_device_read_reply: Device Read. (line 34)
1416: * ds_device_read_reply_inband: Device Read. (line 52)
1417: * ds_device_write_reply: Device Write. (line 31)
1418: * ds_device_write_reply_inband: Device Write. (line 49)
1419: * evc_wait: Exceptions. (line 17)
1420: * exception_raise: Exceptions. (line 11)
1421: * host_adjust_time: Host Time. (line 40)
1422: * host_basic_info_t: Host Information. (line 74)
1423: * host_get_boot_info: Host Information. (line 112)
1424: * host_get_time: Host Time. (line 31)
1425: * host_info: Host Information. (line 6)
1426: * host_kernel_version: Host Information. (line 94)
1427: * host_priv_t: Host Ports. (line 34)
1428: * host_processors: Hosted Processors. (line 6)
1429: * host_processor_sets: Processor Set Access.
1430: (line 6)
1431: * host_processor_set_priv: Processor Set Access.
1432: (line 21)
1433: * host_reboot: Host Reboot. (line 6)
1434: * host_sched_info_t: Host Information. (line 91)
1435: * host_set_time: Host Time. (line 36)
1436: * host_t: Host Ports. (line 6)
1437: * ipc_space_t: Port Manipulation Interface.
1438: (line 9)
1439: * mach_host_self: Host Ports. (line 13)
1440: * mach_msg: Mach Message Call. (line 9)
1441: * MACH_MSGH_BITS: Message Format. (line 94)
1442: * MACH_MSGH_BITS_LOCAL: Message Format. (line 106)
1443: * MACH_MSGH_BITS_OTHER: Message Format. (line 116)
1444: * MACH_MSGH_BITS_PORTS: Message Format. (line 111)
1445: * MACH_MSGH_BITS_REMOTE: Message Format. (line 101)
1446: * mach_msg_bits_t: Message Format. (line 20)
1447: * mach_msg_header_t: Message Format. (line 32)
1448: * mach_msg_id_t: Message Format. (line 28)
1449: * mach_msg_size_t: Message Format. (line 24)
1450: * mach_msg_timeout_t: Mach Message Call. (line 60)
1451: * mach_msg_type_long_t: Message Format. (line 231)
1452: * mach_msg_type_name_t: Message Format. (line 127)
1453: * mach_msg_type_number_t: Message Format. (line 137)
1454: * MACH_MSG_TYPE_PORT_ANY: Message Format. (line 217)
1455: * MACH_MSG_TYPE_PORT_ANY_RIGHT: Message Format. (line 226)
1456: * MACH_MSG_TYPE_PORT_ANY_SEND: Message Format. (line 221)
1457: * mach_msg_type_size_t: Message Format. (line 132)
1458: * mach_msg_type_t: Message Format. (line 142)
1459: * mach_port_allocate: Port Creation. (line 6)
1460: * mach_port_allocate_name: Port Creation. (line 64)
1461: * mach_port_deallocate: Port Destruction. (line 6)
1462: * mach_port_destroy: Port Destruction. (line 28)
1463: * mach_port_extract_right: Ports and other Tasks.
1464: (line 57)
1465: * mach_port_get_receive_status: Receive Rights. (line 54)
1466: * mach_port_get_refs: Port Rights. (line 6)
1467: * mach_port_get_set_status: Port Sets. (line 6)
1468: * mach_port_insert_right: Ports and other Tasks.
1469: (line 6)
1470: * mach_port_mod_refs: Port Rights. (line 35)
1471: * mach_port_move_member: Port Sets. (line 26)
1472: * mach_port_mscount_t: Receive Rights. (line 10)
1473: * mach_port_msgcount_t: Receive Rights. (line 14)
1474: * mach_port_names: Port Names. (line 6)
1475: * mach_port_rename: Port Names. (line 75)
1476: * mach_port_request_notification: Request Notifications.
1477: (line 6)
1478: * mach_port_rights_t: Receive Rights. (line 18)
1479: * mach_port_seqno_t: Receive Rights. (line 6)
1480: * mach_port_set_mscount: Receive Rights. (line 71)
1481: * mach_port_set_qlimit: Receive Rights. (line 88)
1482: * mach_port_set_seqno: Receive Rights. (line 106)
1483: * mach_port_status_t: Receive Rights. (line 22)
1484: * mach_port_t: Message Format. (line 13)
1485: * mach_port_type: Port Names. (line 33)
1486: * mach_reply_port: Port Creation. (line 47)
1487: * mach_task_self: Task Information. (line 6)
1488: * mach_thread_self: Thread Information. (line 6)
1489: * mapped_time_value_t: Host Time. (line 49)
1490: * memory_object_change_attributes: Memory Object Attributes.
1491: (line 25)
1492: * memory_object_change_completed: Memory Object Attributes.
1493: (line 60)
1494: * memory_object_copy: Memory Objects and Data.
1495: (line 202)
1496: * memory_object_create: Default Memory Manager.
1497: (line 25)
1498: * memory_object_data_error: Memory Objects and Data.
1499: (line 152)
1500: * memory_object_data_initialize: Default Memory Manager.
1501: (line 69)
1502: * memory_object_data_provided: Memory Objects and Data.
1503: (line 284)
1504: * memory_object_data_request: Memory Objects and Data.
1505: (line 45)
1506: * memory_object_data_return: Memory Objects and Data.
1507: (line 6)
1508: * memory_object_data_supply: Memory Objects and Data.
1509: (line 80)
1510: * memory_object_data_unavailable: Memory Objects and Data.
1511: (line 172)
1512: * memory_object_data_unlock: Memory Object Locking.
1513: (line 81)
1514: * memory_object_data_write: Memory Objects and Data.
1515: (line 254)
1516: * memory_object_default_server: Memory Object Server.
1517: (line 8)
1518: * memory_object_destroy: Memory Object Termination.
1519: (line 35)
1520: * memory_object_get_attributes: Memory Object Attributes.
1521: (line 6)
1522: * memory_object_init: Memory Object Creation.
1523: (line 6)
1524: * memory_object_lock_completed: Memory Object Locking.
1525: (line 55)
1526: * memory_object_lock_request: Memory Object Locking.
1527: (line 6)
1528: * memory_object_ready: Memory Object Creation.
1529: (line 48)
1530: * memory_object_server: Memory Object Server.
1531: (line 6)
1532: * memory_object_set_attributes: Memory Object Attributes.
1533: (line 76)
1534: * memory_object_supply_completed: Memory Objects and Data.
1535: (line 121)
1536: * memory_object_terminate: Memory Object Termination.
1537: (line 6)
1538: * processor_assign: Processors and Sets. (line 6)
1539: * processor_basic_info_t: Processor Info. (line 66)
1540: * processor_control: Processor Control. (line 8)
1541: * processor_exit: Processor Control. (line 7)
1542: * processor_get_assignment: Processors and Sets. (line 30)
1543: * processor_info: Processor Info. (line 6)
1544: * processor_set_basic_info_t: Processor Set Info. (line 74)
1545: * processor_set_create: Processor Set Creation.
1546: (line 6)
1547: * processor_set_default: Processor Set Access.
1548: (line 33)
1549: * processor_set_destroy: Processor Set Destruction.
1550: (line 6)
1551: * processor_set_info: Processor Set Info. (line 6)
1552: * processor_set_max_priority: Processor Set Priority.
1553: (line 6)
1554: * processor_set_name_t: Processor Set Ports. (line 6)
1555: * processor_set_policy_disable: Processor Set Policy.
1556: (line 8)
1557: * processor_set_policy_enable: Processor Set Policy.
1558: (line 6)
1559: * processor_set_sched_info_t: Processor Set Info. (line 92)
1560: * processor_set_t: Processor Set Ports. (line 12)
1561: * processor_set_tasks: Tasks and Threads on Sets.
1562: (line 6)
1563: * processor_set_threads: Tasks and Threads on Sets.
1564: (line 20)
1565: * processor_start: Processor Control. (line 6)
1566: * processor_t: Processor Interface. (line 6)
1567: * sampled_pc_flavor_t: Profiling. (line 67)
1568: * sampled_pc_t: Profiling. (line 52)
1569: * seqnos_memory_object_change_completed: Memory Object Attributes.
1570: (line 63)
1571: * seqnos_memory_object_copy: Memory Objects and Data.
1572: (line 207)
1573: * seqnos_memory_object_create: Default Memory Manager.
1574: (line 30)
1575: * seqnos_memory_object_data_initialize: Default Memory Manager.
1576: (line 73)
1577: * seqnos_memory_object_data_request: Memory Objects and Data.
1578: (line 49)
1579: * seqnos_memory_object_data_return: Memory Objects and Data.
1580: (line 11)
1581: * seqnos_memory_object_data_unlock: Memory Object Locking.
1582: (line 85)
1583: * seqnos_memory_object_data_write: Memory Objects and Data.
1584: (line 258)
1585: * seqnos_memory_object_default_server: Memory Object Server.
1586: (line 12)
1587: * seqnos_memory_object_init: Memory Object Creation.
1588: (line 11)
1589: * seqnos_memory_object_lock_completed: Memory Object Locking.
1590: (line 59)
1591: * seqnos_memory_object_server: Memory Object Server.
1592: (line 10)
1593: * seqnos_memory_object_supply_completed: Memory Objects and Data.
1594: (line 126)
1595: * seqnos_memory_object_terminate: Memory Object Termination.
1596: (line 10)
1597: * struct host_basic_info: Host Information. (line 47)
1598: * struct host_sched_info: Host Information. (line 77)
1599: * struct processor_basic_info: Processor Info. (line 43)
1600: * struct processor_set_basic_info: Processor Set Info. (line 50)
1601: * struct processor_set_sched_info: Processor Set Info. (line 77)
1602: * struct task_basic_info: Task Information. (line 81)
1603: * struct task_events_info: Task Information. (line 112)
1604: * struct task_thread_times_info: Task Information. (line 143)
1605: * struct thread_basic_info: Thread Information. (line 65)
1606: * struct thread_sched_info: Thread Information. (line 126)
1607: * swtch: Hand-Off Scheduling. (line 81)
1608: * swtch_pri: Hand-Off Scheduling. (line 93)
1609: * task_assign: Tasks and Threads on Sets.
1610: (line 34)
1611: * task_assign_default: Tasks and Threads on Sets.
1612: (line 47)
1613: * task_basic_info_t: Task Information. (line 109)
1614: * task_create: Task Creation. (line 6)
1615: * task_disable_pc_sampling: Profiling. (line 20)
1616: * task_enable_pc_sampling: Profiling. (line 6)
1617: * task_events_info_t: Task Information. (line 140)
1618: * task_get_assignment: Tasks and Threads on Sets.
1619: (line 57)
1620: * task_get_bootstrap_port: Task Special Ports. (line 40)
1621: * task_get_emulation_vector: Syscall Emulation. (line 6)
1622: * task_get_exception_port: Task Special Ports. (line 34)
1623: * task_get_kernel_port: Task Special Ports. (line 28)
1624: * task_get_sampled_pcs: Profiling. (line 34)
1625: * task_get_special_port: Task Special Ports. (line 6)
1626: * task_info: Task Information. (line 41)
1627: * task_priority: Task Execution. (line 27)
1628: * task_ras_control: Task Execution. (line 45)
1629: * task_resume: Task Execution. (line 18)
1630: * task_set_bootstrap_port: Task Special Ports. (line 76)
1631: * task_set_emulation: Syscall Emulation. (line 20)
1632: * task_set_emulation_vector: Syscall Emulation. (line 12)
1633: * task_set_exception_port: Task Special Ports. (line 70)
1634: * task_set_kernel_port: Task Special Ports. (line 64)
1635: * task_set_special_port: Task Special Ports. (line 46)
1636: * task_suspend: Task Execution. (line 6)
1637: * task_t: Task Interface. (line 6)
1638: * task_terminate: Task Termination. (line 6)
1639: * task_threads: Task Information. (line 30)
1640: * task_thread_times_info_t: Task Information. (line 157)
1641: * thread_abort: Thread Execution. (line 36)
1642: * thread_assign: Tasks and Threads on Sets.
1643: (line 69)
1644: * thread_assign_default: Tasks and Threads on Sets.
1645: (line 83)
1646: * thread_basic_info_t: Thread Information. (line 123)
1647: * thread_create: Thread Creation. (line 6)
1648: * thread_depress_abort: Hand-Off Scheduling. (line 74)
1649: * thread_disable_pc_sampling: Profiling. (line 22)
1650: * thread_enable_pc_sampling: Profiling. (line 8)
1651: * thread_get_assignment: Tasks and Threads on Sets.
1652: (line 93)
1653: * thread_get_exception_port: Thread Special Ports.
1654: (line 25)
1655: * thread_get_kernel_port: Thread Special Ports.
1656: (line 19)
1657: * thread_get_sampled_pcs: Profiling. (line 37)
1658: * thread_get_special_port: Thread Special Ports.
1659: (line 6)
1660: * thread_get_state: Thread Execution. (line 98)
1661: * thread_info: Thread Information. (line 30)
1662: * thread_max_priority: Thread Priority. (line 36)
1663: * thread_policy: Scheduling Policy. (line 6)
1664: * thread_priority: Thread Priority. (line 18)
1665: * thread_resume: Thread Execution. (line 27)
1666: * thread_sched_info_t: Thread Information. (line 157)
1667: * thread_set_exception_port: Thread Special Ports.
1668: (line 50)
1669: * thread_set_kernel_port: Thread Special Ports.
1670: (line 44)
1671: * thread_set_special_port: Thread Special Ports.
1672: (line 31)
1673: * thread_set_state: Thread Execution. (line 122)
1674: * thread_suspend: Thread Execution. (line 6)
1675: * thread_switch: Hand-Off Scheduling. (line 6)
1676: * thread_t: Thread Interface. (line 6)
1677: * thread_terminate: Thread Termination. (line 6)
1678: * thread_wire: Thread Settings. (line 6)
1679: * time_value_add: Host Time. (line 23)
1680: * time_value_add_usec: Host Time. (line 19)
1681: * time_value_t: Host Time. (line 6)
1682: * vm_allocate: Memory Allocation. (line 6)
1683: * vm_copy: Data Transfer. (line 50)
1684: * vm_deallocate: Memory Deallocation. (line 6)
1685: * vm_inherit: Memory Attributes. (line 68)
1686: * vm_machine_attribute: Memory Attributes. (line 130)
1687: * vm_map: Mapping Memory Objects.
1688: (line 6)
1689: * vm_protect: Memory Attributes. (line 34)
1690: * vm_read: Data Transfer. (line 6)
1691: * vm_region: Memory Attributes. (line 6)
1692: * vm_set_default_memory_manager: Default Memory Manager.
1693: (line 6)
1694: * vm_statistics: Memory Statistics. (line 50)
1695: * vm_statistics_data_t: Memory Statistics. (line 6)
1696: * vm_task_t: Virtual Memory Interface.
1697: (line 6)
1698: * vm_wire: Memory Attributes. (line 98)
1699: * vm_write: Data Transfer. (line 31)
1700:
This archive runs on limited infrastructure. Preserving old code on modern bandwidth. Automated agents are requested to crawl responsibly.