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GNU Mach 1.8

This is mach.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.3 from mach.texi. This file documents the GNU Mach microkernel. This is edition 0.4, last updated on 14 December 2016, of 'The GNU Mach Reference Manual', for version 1.8. Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Section, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". This work is based on manual pages under the following copyright and license: Mach Operating System Copyright (C) 1991,1990 Carnegie Mellon University All Rights Reserved. Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and its documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation. CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS" CONDITION. CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE. INFO-DIR-SECTION Kernel START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY * GNUMach: (mach). Using and programming the GNU Mach microkernel. END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY File: mach.info, Node: Kernel Debugger, Next: Copying, Prev: Device Interface, Up: Top 11 Kernel Debugger ****************** The GNU Mach kernel debugger 'ddb' is a powerful built-in debugger with a gdb like syntax. It is enabled at compile time using the '--enable-kdb' option. Whenever you want to enter the debugger while running the kernel, you can press the key combination <Ctrl-Alt-D>. * Menu: * Operation:: Basic architecture of the kernel debugger. * Commands:: Available commands in the kernel debugger. * Variables:: Access of variables from the kernel debugger. * Expressions:: Usage of expressions in the kernel debugger. File: mach.info, Node: Operation, Next: Commands, Up: Kernel Debugger 11.1 Operation ============== The current location is called "dot". The dot is displayed with a hexadecimal format at a prompt. Examine and write commands update dot to the address of the last line examined or the last location modified, and set "next" to the address of the next location to be examined or changed. Other commands don't change dot, and set next to be the same as dot. The general command syntax is: COMMAND[/MODIFIER] ADDRESS [,COUNT] '!!' repeats the previous command, and a blank line repeats from the address next with count 1 and no modifiers. Specifying ADDRESS sets dot to the address. Omitting ADDRESS uses dot. A missing COUNT is taken to be 1 for printing commands or infinity for stack traces. Current 'ddb' is enhanced to support multi-thread debugging. A break point can be set only for a specific thread, and the address space or registers of non current thread can be examined or modified if supported by machine dependent routines. For example, break/t mach_msg_trap $task11.0 sets a break point at 'mach_msg_trap' for the first thread of task 11 listed by a 'show all threads' command. In the above example, '$task11.0' is translated to the corresponding thread structure's address by variable translation mechanism described later. If a default target thread is set in a variable '$thread', the '$task11.0' can be omitted. In general, if 't' is specified in a modifier of a command line, a specified thread or a default target thread is used as a target thread instead of the current one. The 't' modifier in a command line is not valid in evaluating expressions in a command line. If you want to get a value indirectly from a specific thread's address space or access to its registers within an expression, you have to specify a default target thread in advance, and to use ':t' modifier immediately after the indirect access or the register reference like as follows: set $thread $task11.0 print $eax:t *(0x100):tuh No sign extension and indirection 'size(long, half word, byte)' can be specified with 'u', 'l', 'h' and 'b' respectively for the indirect access. Note: Support of non current space/register access and user space break point depend on the machines. If not supported, attempts of such operation may provide incorrect information or may cause strange behavior. Even if supported, the user space access is limited to the pages resident in the main memory at that time. If a target page is not in the main memory, an error will be reported. 'ddb' has a feature like a command 'more' for the output. If an output line exceeds the number set in the '$lines' variable, it displays '--db_more--' and waits for a response. The valid responses for it are: '<SPC>' one more page '<RET>' one more line 'q' abort the current command, and return to the command input mode File: mach.info, Node: Commands, Next: Variables, Prev: Operation, Up: Kernel Debugger 11.2 Commands ============= 'examine(x) [/MODIFIER] ADDR[,COUNT] [ THREAD ]' Display the addressed locations according to the formats in the modifier. Multiple modifier formats display multiple locations. If no format is specified, the last formats specified for this command is used. Address space other than that of the current thread can be specified with 't' option in the modifier and THREAD parameter. The format characters are 'b' look at by bytes(8 bits) 'h' look at by half words(16 bits) 'l' look at by long words(32 bits) 'a' print the location being displayed ',' skip one unit producing no output 'A' print the location with a line number if possible 'x' display in unsigned hex 'z' display in signed hex 'o' display in unsigned octal 'd' display in signed decimal 'u' display in unsigned decimal 'r' display in current radix, signed 'c' display low 8 bits as a character. Non-printing characters are displayed as an octal escape code (e.g. '\000'). 's' display the null-terminated string at the location. Non-printing characters are displayed as octal escapes. 'm' display in unsigned hex with character dump at the end of each line. The location is also displayed in hex at the beginning of each line. 'i' display as an instruction 'I' display as an instruction with possible alternate formats depending on the machine: 'vax' don't assume that each external label is a procedure entry mask 'i386' don't round to the next long word boundary 'mips' print register contents 'xf' Examine forward. It executes an examine command with the last specified parameters to it except that the next address displayed by it is used as the start address. 'xb' Examine backward. It executes an examine command with the last specified parameters to it except that the last start address subtracted by the size displayed by it is used as the start address. 'print[/axzodurc] ADDR1 [ ADDR2 ... ]' Print ADDR's according to the modifier character. Valid formats are: 'a' 'x' 'z' 'o' 'd' 'u' 'r' 'c'. If no modifier is specified, the last one specified to it is used. ADDR can be a string, and it is printed as it is. For example, print/x "eax = " $eax "\necx = " $ecx "\n" will print like eax = xxxxxx ecx = yyyyyy 'write[/bhlt] ADDR [ THREAD ] EXPR1 [ EXPR2 ... ]' Write the expressions at succeeding locations. The write unit size can be specified in the modifier with a letter b (byte), h (half word) or l(long word) respectively. If omitted, long word is assumed. Target address space can also be specified with 't' option in the modifier and THREAD parameter. Warning: since there is no delimiter between expressions, strange things may happen. It's best to enclose each expression in parentheses. 'set $VARIABLE [=] EXPR' Set the named variable or register with the value of EXPR. Valid variable names are described below. 'break[/tuTU] ADDR[,COUNT] [ THREAD1 ... ]' Set a break point at ADDR. If count is supplied, continues (COUNT-1) times before stopping at the break point. If the break point is set, a break point number is printed with '#'. This number can be used in deleting the break point or adding conditions to it. 't' Set a break point only for a specific thread. The thread is specified by THREAD parameter, or default one is used if the parameter is omitted. 'u' Set a break point in user space address. It may be combined with 't' or 'T' option to specify the non-current target user space. Without 'u' option, the address is considered in the kernel space, and wrong space address is rejected with an error message. This option can be used only if it is supported by machine dependent routines. 'T' Set a break point only for threads in a specific task. It is like 't' option except that the break point is valid for all threads which belong to the same task as the specified target thread. 'U' Set a break point in shared user space address. It is like 'u' option, except that the break point is valid for all threads which share the same address space even if 't' option is specified. 't' option is used only to specify the target shared space. Without 't' option, 'u' and 'U' have the same meanings. 'U' is useful for setting a user space break point in non-current address space with 't' option such as in an emulation library space. This option can be used only if it is supported by machine dependent routines. Warning: if a user text is shadowed by a normal user space debugger, user space break points may not work correctly. Setting a break point at the low-level code paths may also cause strange behavior. 'delete[/tuTU] ADDR|#NUMBER [ THREAD1 ... ]' Delete the break point. The target break point can be specified by a break point number with '#', or by ADDR like specified in 'break' command. 'cond #NUMBER [ CONDITION COMMANDS ]' Set or delete a condition for the break point specified by the NUMBER. If the CONDITION and COMMANDS are null, the condition is deleted. Otherwise the condition is set for it. When the break point is hit, the CONDITION is evaluated. The COMMANDS will be executed if the condition is true and the break point count set by a break point command becomes zero. COMMANDS is a list of commands separated by semicolons. Each command in the list is executed in that order, but if a 'continue' command is executed, the command execution stops there, and the stopped thread resumes execution. If the command execution reaches the end of the list, and it enters into a command input mode. For example, set $work0 0 break/Tu xxx_start $task7.0 cond #1 (1) set $work0 1; set $work1 0; cont break/T vm_fault $task7.0 cond #2 ($work0) set $work1 ($work1+1); cont break/Tu xxx_end $task7.0 cond #3 ($work0) print $work1 " faults\n"; set $work0 0 cont will print page fault counts from 'xxx_start' to 'xxx_end' in 'task7'. 'step[/p] [,COUNT]' Single step COUNT times. If 'p' option is specified, print each instruction at each step. Otherwise, only print the last instruction. Warning: depending on machine type, it may not be possible to single-step through some low-level code paths or user space code. On machines with software-emulated single-stepping (e.g., pmax), stepping through code executed by interrupt handlers will probably do the wrong thing. 'continue[/c]' Continue execution until a breakpoint or watchpoint. If '/c', count instructions while executing. Some machines (e.g., pmax) also count loads and stores. Warning: when counting, the debugger is really silently single-stepping. This means that single-stepping on low-level code may cause strange behavior. 'until' Stop at the next call or return instruction. 'next[/p]' Stop at the matching return instruction. If 'p' option is specified, print the call nesting depth and the cumulative instruction count at each call or return. Otherwise, only print when the matching return is hit. 'match[/p]' A synonym for 'next'. 'trace[/tu] [ FRAME_ADDR|THREAD ][,COUNT]' Stack trace. 'u' option traces user space; if omitted, only traces kernel space. If 't' option is specified, it shows the stack trace of the specified thread or a default target thread. Otherwise, it shows the stack trace of the current thread from the frame address specified by a parameter or from the current frame. COUNT is the number of frames to be traced. If the COUNT is omitted, all frames are printed. Warning: If the target thread's stack is not in the main memory at that time, the stack trace will fail. User space stack trace is valid only if the machine dependent code supports it. 'search[/bhl] ADDR VALUE [MASK] [,COUNT]' Search memory for a value. This command might fail in interesting ways if it doesn't find the searched-for value. This is because 'ddb' doesn't always recover from touching bad memory. The optional count argument limits the search. 'macro NAME COMMANDS' Define a debugger macro as NAME. COMMANDS is a list of commands to be associated with the macro. In the expressions of the command list, a variable '$argxx' can be used to get a parameter passed to the macro. When a macro is called, each argument is evaluated as an expression, and the value is assigned to each parameter, '$arg1', '$arg2', ... respectively. 10 '$arg' variables are reserved to each level of macros, and they can be used as local variables. The nesting of macro can be allowed up to 5 levels. For example, macro xinit set $work0 $arg1 macro xlist examine/m $work0,4; set $work0 *($work0) xinit *(xxx_list) xlist ... will print the contents of a list starting from 'xxx_list' by each 'xlist' command. 'dmacro NAME' Delete the macro named NAME. 'show all threads[/ul]' Display all tasks and threads information. This version of 'ddb' prints more information than previous one. It shows UNIX process information like 'ps' for each task. The UNIX process information may not be shown if it is not supported in the machine, or the bottom of the stack of the target task is not in the main memory at that time. It also shows task and thread identification numbers. These numbers can be used to specify a task or a thread symbolically in various commands. The numbers are valid only in the same debugger session. If the execution is resumed again, the numbers may change. The current thread can be distinguished from others by a '#' after the thread id instead of ':'. Without 'l' option, it only shows thread id, thread structure address and the status for each thread. The status consists of 6 letters, R(run), W(wait), S(suspended), O(swapped out), N(interruptible), and F(loating) point arithmetic used (if supported by the platform). If the corresponding status bit is off, '.' is printed instead. If 'l' option is specified, more detail information is printed for each thread. 'show task [ ADDR ]' Display the information of a task specified by ADDR. If ADDR is omitted, current task information is displayed. 'show thread [ ADDR ]' Display the information of a thread specified by ADDR. If ADDR is omitted, current thread information is displayed. 'show registers[/tu [ THREAD ]]' Display the register set. Target thread can be specified with 't' option and THREAD parameter. If 'u' option is specified, it displays user registers instead of kernel or currently saved one. Warning: The support of 't' and 'u' option depends on the machine. If not supported, incorrect information will be displayed. 'show map ADDR' Prints the 'vm_map' at ADDR. 'show object ADDR' Prints the 'vm_object' at ADDR. 'show page ADDR' Prints the 'vm_page' structure at ADDR. 'show port ADDR' Prints the 'ipc_port' structure at ADDR. 'show ipc_port[/t [ THREAD ]]' Prints all 'ipc_port' structure's addresses the target thread has. The target thread is a current thread or that specified by a parameter. 'show macro [ NAME ]' Show the definitions of macros. If NAME is specified, only the definition of it is displayed. Otherwise, definitions of all macros are displayed. 'show watches' Displays all watchpoints. 'watch[/T] ADDR,SIZE [ TASK ]' Set a watchpoint for a region. Execution stops when an attempt to modify the region occurs. The SIZE argument defaults to 4. Without 'T' option, ADDR is assumed to be a kernel address. If you want to set a watch point in user space, specify 'T' and TASK parameter where the address belongs to. If the TASK parameter is omitted, a task of the default target thread or a current task is assumed. If you specify a wrong space address, the request is rejected with an error message. Warning: Attempts to watch wired kernel memory may cause unrecoverable error in some systems such as i386. Watchpoints on user addresses work best. 'dwatch[/T] ADDR [ TASK ]' Clears a watchpoint previously set for a region. Without 'T' option, ADDR is assumed to be a kernel address. If you want to clear a watch point in user space, specify 'T' and TASK parameter where the address belongs to. If the TASK parameter is omitted, a task of the default target thread or a current task is assumed. If you specify a wrong space address, the request is rejected with an error message. File: mach.info, Node: Variables, Next: Expressions, Prev: Commands, Up: Kernel Debugger 11.3 Variables ============== The debugger accesses registers and variables as $NAME. Register names are as in the 'show registers' command. Some variables are suffixed with numbers, and may have some modifier following a colon immediately after the variable name. For example, register variables can have 'u' and 't' modifier to indicate user register and that of a default target thread instead of that of the current thread (e.g. '$eax:tu'). Built-in variables currently supported are: 'taskXX[.YY]' Task or thread structure address. XX and YY are task and thread identification numbers printed by a 'show all threads' command respectively. This variable is read only. 'thread' The default target thread. The value is used when 't' option is specified without explicit thread structure address parameter in command lines or expression evaluation. 'radix' Input and output radix 'maxoff' Addresses are printed as SYMBOL+OFFSET unless offset is greater than maxoff. 'maxwidth' The width of the displayed line. 'lines' The number of lines. It is used by 'more' feature. 'tabstops' Tab stop width. 'argXX' Parameters passed to a macro. XX can be 1 to 10. 'workXX' Work variable. XX can be 0 to 31. File: mach.info, Node: Expressions, Prev: Variables, Up: Kernel Debugger 11.4 Expressions ================ Almost all expression operators in C are supported except '~', '^', and unary '&'. Special rules in 'ddb' are: 'IDENTIFIER' name of a symbol. It is translated to the address(or value) of it. '.' and ':' can be used in the identifier. If supported by an object format dependent routine, [FILE_NAME:]FUNC[:LINE_NUMBER] [FILE_NAME:]VARIABLE, and FILE_NAME[:LINE_NUMBER] can be accepted as a symbol. The symbol may be prefixed with 'SYMBOL_TABLE_NAME::' like 'emulator::mach_msg_trap' to specify other than kernel symbols. 'NUMBER' radix is determined by the first two letters: '0x' hex '0o' octal '0t' decimal otherwise, follow current radix. '.' dot '+' next '..' address of the start of the last line examined. Unlike dot or next, this is only changed by 'examine' or 'write' command. '�' last address explicitly specified. '$VARIABLE' register name or variable. It is translated to the value of it. It may be followed by a ':' and modifiers as described above. 'a' multiple of right hand side. '*EXPR' indirection. It may be followed by a ':' and modifiers as described above. File: mach.info, Node: Copying, Next: Documentation License, Prev: Kernel Debugger, Up: Top GNU General Public License ************************** Version 2, June 1991 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. Preamble ======== The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too. 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IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs ======================================================= If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. ONE LINE TO GIVE THE PROGRAM'S NAME AND A BRIEF IDEA OF WHAT IT DOES. Copyright (C) YYYY NAME OF AUTHOR This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) YEAR NAME OF AUTHOR Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. The hypothetical commands 'show w' and 'show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than 'show w' and 'show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. SIGNATURE OF TY COON, 1 April 1989 Ty Coon, President of Vice This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. File: mach.info, Node: Documentation License, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Copying, Up: Top Appendix A Documentation License ******************************** This manual is copyrighted and licensed under the GNU Free Documentation license. Parts of this manual are derived from the Mach manual packages originally provided by Carnegie Mellon University. * Menu: * GNU Free Documentation License:: The GNU Free Documentation License. * CMU License:: The CMU license applies to the original Mach kernel and its documentation. File: mach.info, Node: GNU Free Documentation License, Next: CMU License, Up: Documentation License A.1 GNU Free Documentation License ================================== Version 1.2, November 2002 Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 0. PREAMBLE The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others. This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software. We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under copyright law. A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another language. A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them. The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none. The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is available to the general public, that is suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque". Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output purposes only. The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text. A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition. The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the meaning of this License. 2. VERBATIM COPYING You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may publicly display copies. 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects. If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages. If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general network-using public has access to download using public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public. It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. 4. MODIFICATIONS You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the original publisher of that version gives permission. B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you from this requirement. C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified Version, as the publisher. D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the other copyright notices. F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. H. Include an unaltered copy of this License. I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence. J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. You may omit a network location for a work that was published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein. L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be included in the Modified Version. N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a standard. You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version. 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements." 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Document. If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate. 8. TRANSLATION Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include the original English version of this License and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original version of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title. 9. TERMINATION You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance. 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/>. Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents ==================================================== To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices just after the title page: Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU Free Documentation License''. If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this: with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation. If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software. File: mach.info, Node: CMU License, Prev: GNU Free Documentation License, Up: Documentation License A.2 CMU License =============== Mach Operating System Copyright (C) 1991,1990,1989 Carnegie Mellon University All Rights Reserved. Permission to use, copy, modify and distribute this software and its documentation is hereby granted, provided that both the copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies of the software, derivative works or modified versions, and any portions thereof, and that both notices appear in supporting documentation. CARNEGIE MELLON ALLOWS FREE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE IN ITS "AS IS" CONDITION. CARNEGIE MELLON DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OF ANY KIND FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE. Carnegie Mellon requests users of this software to return to Software Distribution Coordinator School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213-3890 or <[email protected]> any improvements or extensions that they make and grant Carnegie Mellon the rights to redistribute these changes. File: mach.info, Node: Concept Index, Next: Function and Data Index, Prev: Documentation License, Up: Top Concept Index ************* [index] * Menu: * communication between tasks: Major Concepts. (line 6) * composing messages: Message Format. (line 6) * device port: Device Interface. (line 13) * FDL, GNU Free Documentation License: GNU Free Documentation License. (line 6) * format of a message: Message Format. (line 6) * GPL, GNU General Public License: Copying. (line 6) * GRand Unified Bootloader: Bootloader. (line 13) * GRUB: Bootloader. (line 13) * host control port: Host Ports. (line 34) * host interface: Host Interface. (line 6) * host name port: Host Ports. (line 6) * host ports: Host Ports. (line 6) * interprocess communication (IPC): Major Concepts. (line 6) * IPC (interprocess communication): Major Concepts. (line 6) * IPC space port: Port Manipulation Interface. (line 9) * message composition: Message Format. (line 6) * message format: Message Format. (line 6) * messages: Major Concepts. (line 6) * moving port rights: Exchanging Port Rights. (line 6) * port representing a device: Device Interface. (line 13) * port representing a processor: Processor Interface. (line 6) * port representing a processor set name: Processor Set Ports. (line 6) * port representing a task: Task Interface. (line 6) * port representing a thread: Thread Interface. (line 6) * port representing a virtual memory map: Virtual Memory Interface. (line 6) * port representing an IPC space: Port Manipulation Interface. (line 9) * ports representing a host: Host Ports. (line 6) * ports representing a processor set: Processor Set Ports. (line 6) * processor port: Processor Interface. (line 6) * processor set name port: Processor Set Ports. (line 6) * processor set port: Processor Set Ports. (line 12) * processor set ports: Processor Set Ports. (line 6) * receiving memory: Memory. (line 6) * receiving port rights: Exchanging Port Rights. (line 6) * remote procedure calls (RPC): Major Concepts. (line 6) * RPC (remote procedure calls): Major Concepts. (line 6) * sending memory: Memory. (line 6) * sending messages: Message Send. (line 6) * sending port rights: Exchanging Port Rights. (line 6) * serverboot: Modules. (line 6) * task port: Task Interface. (line 6) * thread port: Thread Interface. (line 6) * virtual memory map port: Virtual Memory Interface. (line 6) File: mach.info, Node: Function and Data Index, Prev: Concept Index, Up: Top Function and Data Index *********************** [index] * Menu: * catch_exception_raise: Exceptions. (line 6) * device_close: Device Close. (line 6) * device_get_status: Device Status. (line 17) * device_map: Device Map. (line 6) * device_open: Device Open. (line 6) * device_open_request: Device Open. (line 33) * device_read: Device Read. (line 6) * device_read_inband: Device Read. (line 25) * device_read_request: Device Read. (line 32) * device_read_request_inband: Device Read. (line 50) * device_reply_server: Device Reply Server. (line 10) * device_set_filter: Device Filter. (line 6) * device_set_status: Device Status. (line 6) * device_t: Device Interface. (line 13) * device_write: Device Write. (line 6) * device_write_inband: Device Write. (line 22) * device_write_request: Device Write. (line 29) * device_write_request_inband: Device Write. (line 48) * ds_device_open_reply: Device Open. (line 37) * ds_device_read_reply: Device Read. (line 36) * ds_device_read_reply_inband: Device Read. (line 55) * ds_device_write_reply: Device Write. (line 32) * ds_device_write_reply_inband: Device Write. (line 53) * evc_wait: Exceptions. (line 18) * exception_raise: Exceptions. (line 12) * host_adjust_time: Host Time. (line 41) * host_basic_info_t: Host Information. (line 74) * host_get_boot_info: Host Information. (line 112) * host_get_time: Host Time. (line 31) * host_info: Host Information. (line 6) * host_kernel_version: Host Information. (line 94) * host_priv_t: Host Ports. (line 34) * host_processors: Hosted Processors. (line 6) * host_processor_sets: Processor Set Access. (line 6) * host_processor_set_priv: Processor Set Access. (line 21) * host_reboot: Host Reboot. (line 6) * host_sched_info_t: Host Information. (line 91) * host_set_time: Host Time. (line 37) * host_t: Host Ports. (line 6) * ipc_space_t: Port Manipulation Interface. (line 9) * mach_host_self: Host Ports. (line 13) * mach_msg: Mach Message Call. (line 9) * MACH_MSGH_BITS: Message Format. (line 103) * MACH_MSGH_BITS_LOCAL: Message Format. (line 116) * MACH_MSGH_BITS_OTHER: Message Format. (line 127) * MACH_MSGH_BITS_PORTS: Message Format. (line 122) * MACH_MSGH_BITS_REMOTE: Message Format. (line 110) * mach_msg_bits_t: Message Format. (line 20) * mach_msg_header_t: Message Format. (line 32) * mach_msg_id_t: Message Format. (line 28) * mach_msg_size_t: Message Format. (line 24) * mach_msg_timeout_t: Mach Message Call. (line 60) * mach_msg_type_long_t: Message Format. (line 248) * mach_msg_type_name_t: Message Format. (line 138) * mach_msg_type_number_t: Message Format. (line 148) * MACH_MSG_TYPE_PORT_ANY: Message Format. (line 234) * MACH_MSG_TYPE_PORT_ANY_RIGHT: Message Format. (line 243) * MACH_MSG_TYPE_PORT_ANY_SEND: Message Format. (line 238) * mach_msg_type_size_t: Message Format. (line 143) * mach_msg_type_t: Message Format. (line 153) * mach_ports_lookup: Inherited Ports. (line 14) * mach_ports_register: Inherited Ports. (line 12) * mach_port_allocate: Port Creation. (line 6) * mach_port_allocate_name: Port Creation. (line 64) * mach_port_clear_protected_payload: Receive Rights. (line 144) * mach_port_deallocate: Port Destruction. (line 6) * mach_port_destroy: Port Destruction. (line 28) * mach_port_extract_right: Ports and other Tasks. (line 58) * mach_port_get_receive_status: Receive Rights. (line 54) * mach_port_get_refs: Port Rights. (line 6) * mach_port_get_set_status: Port Sets. (line 6) * mach_port_insert_right: Ports and other Tasks. (line 6) * mach_port_mod_refs: Port Rights. (line 36) * mach_port_move_member: Port Sets. (line 26) * mach_port_mscount_t: Receive Rights. (line 10) * mach_port_msgcount_t: Receive Rights. (line 14) * mach_port_names: Port Names. (line 6) * mach_port_rename: Port Names. (line 75) * mach_port_request_notification: Request Notifications. (line 6) * mach_port_rights_t: Receive Rights. (line 18) * mach_port_seqno_t: Receive Rights. (line 6) * mach_port_set_mscount: Receive Rights. (line 73) * mach_port_set_protected_payload: Receive Rights. (line 126) * mach_port_set_qlimit: Receive Rights. (line 90) * mach_port_set_seqno: Receive Rights. (line 108) * mach_port_status_t: Receive Rights. (line 22) * mach_port_t: Message Format. (line 13) * mach_port_type: Port Names. (line 33) * mach_reply_port: Port Creation. (line 47) * mach_task_self: Task Information. (line 6) * mach_thread_self: Thread Information. (line 6) * mapped_time_value_t: Host Time. (line 50) * memory_object_change_attributes: Memory Object Attributes. (line 26) * memory_object_change_completed: Memory Object Attributes. (line 66) * memory_object_copy: Memory Objects and Data. (line 209) * memory_object_create: Default Memory Manager. (line 25) * memory_object_data_error: Memory Objects and Data. (line 159) * memory_object_data_initialize: Default Memory Manager. (line 73) * memory_object_data_request: Memory Objects and Data. (line 47) * memory_object_data_return: Memory Objects and Data. (line 6) * memory_object_data_supply: Memory Objects and Data. (line 84) * memory_object_data_unavailable: Memory Objects and Data. (line 179) * memory_object_data_unlock: Memory Object Locking. (line 83) * memory_object_default_server: Memory Object Server. (line 8) * memory_object_destroy: Memory Object Termination. (line 39) * memory_object_get_attributes: Memory Object Attributes. (line 6) * memory_object_init: Memory Object Creation. (line 6) * memory_object_lock_completed: Memory Object Locking. (line 56) * memory_object_lock_request: Memory Object Locking. (line 6) * memory_object_ready: Memory Object Creation. (line 55) * memory_object_server: Memory Object Server. (line 6) * memory_object_supply_completed: Memory Objects and Data. (line 125) * memory_object_terminate: Memory Object Termination. (line 6) * processor_assign: Processors and Sets. (line 6) * processor_basic_info_t: Processor Info. (line 67) * processor_control: Processor Control. (line 8) * processor_exit: Processor Control. (line 7) * processor_get_assignment: Processors and Sets. (line 30) * processor_info: Processor Info. (line 6) * processor_set_basic_info_t: Processor Set Info. (line 75) * processor_set_create: Processor Set Creation. (line 6) * processor_set_default: Processor Set Access. (line 34) * processor_set_destroy: Processor Set Destruction. (line 6) * processor_set_info: Processor Set Info. (line 6) * processor_set_max_priority: Processor Set Priority. (line 6) * processor_set_name_t: Processor Set Ports. (line 6) * processor_set_policy_disable: Processor Set Policy. (line 8) * processor_set_policy_enable: Processor Set Policy. (line 6) * processor_set_sched_info_t: Processor Set Info. (line 93) * processor_set_t: Processor Set Ports. (line 12) * processor_set_tasks: Tasks and Threads on Sets. (line 6) * processor_set_threads: Tasks and Threads on Sets. (line 21) * processor_start: Processor Control. (line 6) * processor_t: Processor Interface. (line 6) * sampled_pc_flavor_t: Profiling. (line 69) * sampled_pc_t: Profiling. (line 54) * seqnos_memory_object_change_completed: Memory Object Attributes. (line 69) * seqnos_memory_object_copy: Memory Objects and Data. (line 217) * seqnos_memory_object_create: Default Memory Manager. (line 33) * seqnos_memory_object_data_initialize: Default Memory Manager. (line 78) * seqnos_memory_object_data_request: Memory Objects and Data. (line 53) * seqnos_memory_object_data_return: Memory Objects and Data. (line 13) * seqnos_memory_object_data_unlock: Memory Object Locking. (line 89) * seqnos_memory_object_default_server: Memory Object Server. (line 14) * seqnos_memory_object_init: Memory Object Creation. (line 15) * seqnos_memory_object_lock_completed: Memory Object Locking. (line 61) * seqnos_memory_object_server: Memory Object Server. (line 11) * seqnos_memory_object_supply_completed: Memory Objects and Data. (line 132) * seqnos_memory_object_terminate: Memory Object Termination. (line 13) * struct host_basic_info: Host Information. (line 47) * struct host_sched_info: Host Information. (line 77) * struct processor_basic_info: Processor Info. (line 44) * struct processor_set_basic_info: Processor Set Info. (line 51) * struct processor_set_sched_info: Processor Set Info. (line 78) * struct task_basic_info: Task Information. (line 82) * struct task_events_info: Task Information. (line 113) * struct task_thread_times_info: Task Information. (line 144) * struct thread_basic_info: Thread Information. (line 66) * struct thread_sched_info: Thread Information. (line 127) * swtch: Hand-Off Scheduling. (line 82) * swtch_pri: Hand-Off Scheduling. (line 94) * task_assign: Tasks and Threads on Sets. (line 36) * task_assign_default: Tasks and Threads on Sets. (line 50) * task_basic_info_t: Task Information. (line 110) * task_create: Task Creation. (line 6) * task_disable_pc_sampling: Profiling. (line 21) * task_enable_pc_sampling: Profiling. (line 6) * task_events_info_t: Task Information. (line 141) * task_get_assignment: Tasks and Threads on Sets. (line 61) * task_get_bootstrap_port: Task Special Ports. (line 41) * task_get_emulation_vector: Syscall Emulation. (line 6) * task_get_exception_port: Task Special Ports. (line 35) * task_get_kernel_port: Task Special Ports. (line 29) * task_get_sampled_pcs: Profiling. (line 36) * task_get_special_port: Task Special Ports. (line 6) * task_info: Task Information. (line 42) * task_priority: Task Execution. (line 27) * task_ras_control: Task Execution. (line 45) * task_resume: Task Execution. (line 18) * task_set_bootstrap_port: Task Special Ports. (line 78) * task_set_emulation: Syscall Emulation. (line 21) * task_set_emulation_vector: Syscall Emulation. (line 12) * task_set_exception_port: Task Special Ports. (line 72) * task_set_kernel_port: Task Special Ports. (line 66) * task_set_name: Task Information. (line 161) * task_set_special_port: Task Special Ports. (line 47) * task_suspend: Task Execution. (line 6) * task_t: Task Interface. (line 6) * task_terminate: Task Termination. (line 6) * task_threads: Task Information. (line 30) * task_thread_times_info_t: Task Information. (line 158) * thread_abort: Thread Execution. (line 36) * thread_assign: Tasks and Threads on Sets. (line 73) * thread_assign_default: Tasks and Threads on Sets. (line 87) * thread_basic_info_t: Thread Information. (line 124) * thread_create: Thread Creation. (line 6) * thread_depress_abort: Hand-Off Scheduling. (line 75) * thread_disable_pc_sampling: Profiling. (line 24) * thread_enable_pc_sampling: Profiling. (line 9) * thread_get_assignment: Tasks and Threads on Sets. (line 97) * thread_get_exception_port: Thread Special Ports. (line 25) * thread_get_kernel_port: Thread Special Ports. (line 19) * thread_get_sampled_pcs: Profiling. (line 39) * thread_get_special_port: Thread Special Ports. (line 6) * thread_get_state: Thread Execution. (line 98) * thread_info: Thread Information. (line 30) * thread_max_priority: Thread Priority. (line 37) * thread_policy: Scheduling Policy. (line 6) * thread_priority: Thread Priority. (line 18) * thread_resume: Thread Execution. (line 27) * thread_sched_info_t: Thread Information. (line 158) * thread_set_exception_port: Thread Special Ports. (line 50) * thread_set_kernel_port: Thread Special Ports. (line 44) * thread_set_special_port: Thread Special Ports. (line 31) * thread_set_state: Thread Execution. (line 123) * thread_suspend: Thread Execution. (line 6) * thread_switch: Hand-Off Scheduling. (line 6) * thread_t: Thread Interface. (line 6) * thread_terminate: Thread Termination. (line 6) * thread_wire: Thread Settings. (line 6) * time_value_add: Host Time. (line 23) * time_value_add_usec: Host Time. (line 19) * time_value_t: Host Time. (line 6) * vm_allocate: Memory Allocation. (line 6) * vm_copy: Data Transfer. (line 50) * vm_deallocate: Memory Deallocation. (line 6) * vm_inherit: Memory Attributes. (line 68) * vm_machine_attribute: Memory Attributes. (line 130) * vm_map: Mapping Memory Objects. (line 6) * vm_protect: Memory Attributes. (line 34) * vm_read: Data Transfer. (line 6) * vm_region: Memory Attributes. (line 6) * vm_set_default_memory_manager: Default Memory Manager. (line 6) * vm_statistics: Memory Statistics. (line 50) * vm_statistics_data_t: Memory Statistics. (line 6) * vm_task_t: Virtual Memory Interface. (line 6) * vm_wire: Memory Attributes. (line 99) * vm_write: Data Transfer. (line 31)

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