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1.1 ! root 1: ! 2: NOTE! This copyright does *not* cover user programs that use kernel ! 3: services by normal system calls - this is merely considered normal use ! 4: of the kernel, and does *not* fall under the heading of "derived work". ! 5: Also note that the GPL below is copyrighted by the Free Software ! 6: Foundation, but the instance of code that it refers to (the Linux ! 7: kernel) is copyrighted by me and others who actually wrote it. ! 8: ! 9: Linus Torvalds ! 10: ! 11: ---------------------------------------- ! 12: ! 13: GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE ! 14: Version 2, June 1991 ! 15: ! 16: Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. ! 17: 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ! 18: Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies ! 19: of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. ! 20: ! 21: Preamble ! 22: ! 23: The licenses for most software are designed to take away your ! 24: freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public ! 25: License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free ! 26: software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This ! 27: General Public License applies to most of the Free Software ! 28: Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to ! 29: using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by ! 30: the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to ! 31: your programs, too. ! 32: ! 33: When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not ! 34: price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you ! 35: have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for ! 36: this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it ! 37: if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it ! 38: in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. ! 39: ! 40: To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid ! 41: anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. ! 42: These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you ! 43: distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. ! 44: ! 45: For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether ! 46: gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that ! 47: you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the ! 48: source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their ! 49: rights. ! 50: ! 51: We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and ! 52: (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, ! 53: distribute and/or modify the software. ! 54: ! 55: Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain ! 56: that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free ! 57: software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we ! 58: want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so ! 59: that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original ! 60: authors' reputations. ! 61: ! 62: Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software ! 63: patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free ! 64: program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the ! 65: program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any ! 66: patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. ! 67: ! 68: The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and ! 69: modification follow. ! 70: ! 71: GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE ! 72: TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION ! 73: ! 74: 0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains ! 75: a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed ! 76: under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, ! 77: refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" ! 78: means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: ! 79: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, ! 80: either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another ! 81: language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in ! 82: the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you". ! 83: ! 84: Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not ! 85: covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of ! 86: running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program ! 87: is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the ! 88: Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). ! 89: Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. ! 90: ! 91: 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's ! 92: source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you ! 93: conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate ! 94: copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the ! 95: notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; ! 96: and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License ! 97: along with the Program. ! 98: ! 99: You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and ! 100: you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. ! 101: ! 102: 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion ! 103: of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and ! 104: distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 ! 105: above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: ! 106: ! 107: a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices ! 108: stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. ! 109: ! 110: b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in ! 111: whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any ! 112: part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third ! 113: parties under the terms of this License. ! 114: ! 115: c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively ! 116: when run, you must cause it, when started running for such ! 117: interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an ! 118: announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a ! 119: notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide ! 120: a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under ! 121: these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this ! 122: License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but ! 123: does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on ! 124: the Program is not required to print an announcement.) ! 125: ! 126: These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If ! 127: identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, ! 128: and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in ! 129: themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those ! 130: sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you ! 131: distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based ! 132: on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of ! 133: this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the ! 134: entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. ! 135: ! 136: Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest ! 137: your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to ! 138: exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or ! 139: collective works based on the Program. ! 140: ! 141: In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program ! 142: with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of ! 143: a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under ! 144: the scope of this License. ! 145: ! 146: 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, ! 147: under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of ! 148: Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: ! 149: ! 150: a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable ! 151: source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections ! 152: 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, ! 153: ! 154: b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three ! 155: years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your ! 156: cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete ! 157: machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be ! 158: distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium ! 159: customarily used for software interchange; or, ! 160: ! 161: c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer ! 162: to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is ! 163: allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you ! 164: received the program in object code or executable form with such ! 165: an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) ! 166: ! 167: The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for ! 168: making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source ! 169: code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any ! 170: associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to ! 171: control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a ! 172: special exception, the source code distributed need not include ! 173: anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary ! 174: form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the ! 175: operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component ! 176: itself accompanies the executable. ! 177: ! 178: If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering ! 179: access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent ! 180: access to copy the source code from the same place counts as ! 181: distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not ! 182: compelled to copy the source along with the object code. ! 183: ! 184: 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program ! 185: except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt ! 186: otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is ! 187: void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. ! 188: However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under ! 189: this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such ! 190: parties remain in full compliance. ! 191: ! 192: 5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not ! 193: signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or ! 194: distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are ! 195: prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by ! 196: modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the ! 197: Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and ! 198: all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying ! 199: the Program or works based on it. ! 200: ! 201: 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the ! 202: Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the ! 203: original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to ! 204: these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further ! 205: restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. ! 206: You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to ! 207: this License. ! 208: ! 209: 7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent ! 210: infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), ! 211: conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or ! 212: otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not ! 213: excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot ! 214: distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this ! 215: License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you ! 216: may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent ! 217: license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by ! 218: all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then ! 219: the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to ! 220: refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. ! 221: ! 222: If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under ! 223: any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to ! 224: apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other ! 225: circumstances. ! 226: ! 227: It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any ! 228: patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any ! 229: such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the ! 230: integrity of the free software distribution system, which is ! 231: implemented by public license practices. Many people have made ! 232: generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed ! 233: through that system in reliance on consistent application of that ! 234: system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing ! 235: to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot ! 236: impose that choice. ! 237: ! 238: This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to ! 239: be a consequence of the rest of this License. ! 240: ! 241: 8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in ! 242: certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the ! 243: original copyright holder who places the Program under this License ! 244: may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding ! 245: those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among ! 246: countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates ! 247: the limitation as if written in the body of this License. ! 248: ! 249: 9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions ! 250: of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will ! 251: be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to ! 252: address new problems or concerns. ! 253: ! 254: Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program ! 255: specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any ! 256: later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions ! 257: either of that version or of any later version published by the Free ! 258: Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of ! 259: this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software ! 260: Foundation. ! 261: ! 262: 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free ! 263: programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author ! 264: to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free ! 265: Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes ! 266: make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals ! 267: of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and ! 268: of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. ! 269: ! 270: NO WARRANTY ! 271: ! 272: 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY ! 273: FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN ! 274: OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES ! 275: PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED ! 276: OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF ! 277: MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS ! 278: TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE ! 279: PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, ! 280: REPAIR OR CORRECTION. ! 281: ! 282: 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING ! 283: WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR ! 284: REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, ! 285: INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING ! 286: OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED ! 287: TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY ! 288: YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER ! 289: PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE ! 290: POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. ! 291: ! 292: END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS ! 293: ! 294: Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs ! 295: ! 296: If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest ! 297: possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it ! 298: free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. ! 299: ! 300: To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest ! 301: to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively ! 302: convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least ! 303: the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. ! 304: ! 305: <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.> ! 306: Copyright (C) 19yy <name of author> ! 307: ! 308: This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify ! 309: it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by ! 310: the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or ! 311: (at your option) any later version. ! 312: ! 313: This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, ! 314: but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of ! 315: MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the ! 316: GNU General Public License for more details. ! 317: ! 318: You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License ! 319: along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software ! 320: Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ! 321: ! 322: Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. ! 323: ! 324: If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this ! 325: when it starts in an interactive mode: ! 326: ! 327: Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19yy name of author ! 328: Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. ! 329: This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it ! 330: under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. ! 331: ! 332: The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate ! 333: parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may ! 334: be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be ! 335: mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. ! 336: ! 337: You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your ! 338: school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if ! 339: necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: ! 340: ! 341: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program ! 342: `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. ! 343: ! 344: <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989 ! 345: Ty Coon, President of Vice ! 346: ! 347: This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into ! 348: proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may ! 349: consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the ! 350: library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General ! 351: Public License instead of this License.
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