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1.1 ! root 1: @node Copying ! 2: @appendix GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE ! 3: ! 4: @cindex GPL, GNU General Public License ! 5: @center Version 2, June 1991 ! 6: ! 7: @display ! 8: Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. ! 9: 59 Temple Place -- Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA ! 10: ! 11: Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies ! 12: of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. ! 13: @end display ! 14: ! 15: @appendixsubsec Preamble ! 16: ! 17: The licenses for most software are designed to take away your ! 18: freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public ! 19: License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free ! 20: software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. This ! 21: General Public License applies to most of the Free Software ! 22: Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to ! 23: using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by ! 24: the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to ! 25: your programs, too. ! 26: ! 27: When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not ! 28: price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you ! 29: have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for ! 30: this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it ! 31: if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it ! 32: in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. ! 33: ! 34: To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid ! 35: anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. ! 36: These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you ! 37: distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. ! 38: ! 39: For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether ! 40: gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that ! 41: you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the ! 42: source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their ! 43: rights. ! 44: ! 45: We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and ! 46: (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, ! 47: distribute and/or modify the software. ! 48: ! 49: Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain ! 50: that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free ! 51: software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we ! 52: want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so ! 53: that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original ! 54: authors' reputations. ! 55: ! 56: Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software ! 57: patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free ! 58: program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the ! 59: program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any ! 60: patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. ! 61: ! 62: The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and ! 63: modification follow. ! 64: ! 65: @iftex ! 66: @appendixsubsec TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION ! 67: @end iftex ! 68: @ifinfo ! 69: @center TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION ! 70: @end ifinfo ! 71: ! 72: @enumerate ! 73: @item ! 74: This License applies to any program or other work which contains ! 75: a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed ! 76: under the terms of this General Public License. The ``Program'', below, ! 77: refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based on the Program'' ! 78: means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: ! 79: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, ! 80: either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another ! 81: language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in ! 82: the term ``modification''.) Each licensee is addressed as ``you''. ! 83: ! 84: Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not ! 85: covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of ! 86: running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program ! 87: is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the ! 88: Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). ! 89: Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. ! 90: ! 91: @item ! 92: You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's ! 93: source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you ! 94: conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate ! 95: copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the ! 96: notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; ! 97: and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License ! 98: along with the Program. ! 99: ! 100: You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and ! 101: you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. ! 102: ! 103: @item ! 104: You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion ! 105: of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and ! 106: distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 ! 107: above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: ! 108: ! 109: @enumerate a ! 110: @item ! 111: You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices ! 112: stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. ! 113: ! 114: @item ! 115: You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in ! 116: whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any ! 117: part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third ! 118: parties under the terms of this License. ! 119: ! 120: @item ! 121: If the modified program normally reads commands interactively ! 122: when run, you must cause it, when started running for such ! 123: interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an ! 124: announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a ! 125: notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide ! 126: a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under ! 127: these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this ! 128: License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but ! 129: does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on ! 130: the Program is not required to print an announcement.) ! 131: @end enumerate ! 132: ! 133: These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If ! 134: identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, ! 135: and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in ! 136: themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those ! 137: sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you ! 138: distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based ! 139: on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of ! 140: this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the ! 141: entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. ! 142: ! 143: Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest ! 144: your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to ! 145: exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or ! 146: collective works based on the Program. ! 147: ! 148: In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program ! 149: with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of ! 150: a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under ! 151: the scope of this License. ! 152: ! 153: @item ! 154: You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, ! 155: under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of ! 156: Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: ! 157: ! 158: @enumerate a ! 159: @item ! 160: Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable ! 161: source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections ! 162: 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, ! 163: ! 164: @item ! 165: Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three ! 166: years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your ! 167: cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete ! 168: machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be ! 169: distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium ! 170: customarily used for software interchange; or, ! 171: ! 172: @item ! 173: Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer ! 174: to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is ! 175: allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you ! 176: received the program in object code or executable form with such ! 177: an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) ! 178: @end enumerate ! 179: ! 180: The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for ! 181: making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source ! 182: code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any ! 183: associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to ! 184: control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a ! 185: special exception, the source code distributed need not include ! 186: anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary ! 187: form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the ! 188: operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component ! 189: itself accompanies the executable. ! 190: ! 191: If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering ! 192: access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent ! 193: access to copy the source code from the same place counts as ! 194: distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not ! 195: compelled to copy the source along with the object code. ! 196: ! 197: @item ! 198: You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program ! 199: except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt ! 200: otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is ! 201: void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. ! 202: However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under ! 203: this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such ! 204: parties remain in full compliance. ! 205: ! 206: @item ! 207: You are not required to accept this License, since you have not ! 208: signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or ! 209: distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are ! 210: prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by ! 211: modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the ! 212: Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and ! 213: all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying ! 214: the Program or works based on it. ! 215: ! 216: @item ! 217: Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the ! 218: Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the ! 219: original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to ! 220: these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further ! 221: restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. ! 222: You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to ! 223: this License. ! 224: ! 225: @item ! 226: If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent ! 227: infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), ! 228: conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or ! 229: otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not ! 230: excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot ! 231: distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this ! 232: License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you ! 233: may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent ! 234: license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by ! 235: all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then ! 236: the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to ! 237: refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. ! 238: ! 239: If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under ! 240: any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to ! 241: apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other ! 242: circumstances. ! 243: ! 244: It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any ! 245: patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any ! 246: such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the ! 247: integrity of the free software distribution system, which is ! 248: implemented by public license practices. Many people have made ! 249: generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed ! 250: through that system in reliance on consistent application of that ! 251: system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing ! 252: to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot ! 253: impose that choice. ! 254: ! 255: This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to ! 256: be a consequence of the rest of this License. ! 257: ! 258: @item ! 259: If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in ! 260: certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the ! 261: original copyright holder who places the Program under this License ! 262: may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding ! 263: those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among ! 264: countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates ! 265: the limitation as if written in the body of this License. ! 266: ! 267: @item ! 268: The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions ! 269: of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will ! 270: be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to ! 271: address new problems or concerns. ! 272: ! 273: Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program ! 274: specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and ``any ! 275: later version'', you have the option of following the terms and conditions ! 276: either of that version or of any later version published by the Free ! 277: Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of ! 278: this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software ! 279: Foundation. ! 280: ! 281: @item ! 282: If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free ! 283: programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author ! 284: to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free ! 285: Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes ! 286: make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals ! 287: of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and ! 288: of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. ! 289: ! 290: @iftex ! 291: @heading NO WARRANTY ! 292: @end iftex ! 293: @ifinfo ! 294: @center NO WARRANTY ! 295: @end ifinfo ! 296: ! 297: @item ! 298: BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY ! 299: FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN ! 300: OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES ! 301: PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED ! 302: OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF ! 303: MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS ! 304: TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE ! 305: PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, ! 306: REPAIR OR CORRECTION. ! 307: ! 308: @item ! 309: IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING ! 310: WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR ! 311: REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, ! 312: INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING ! 313: OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED ! 314: TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY ! 315: YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER ! 316: PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE ! 317: POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. ! 318: @end enumerate ! 319: ! 320: @iftex ! 321: @heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS ! 322: @end iftex ! 323: @ifinfo ! 324: @center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS ! 325: @end ifinfo ! 326: ! 327: @page ! 328: @unnumberedsec How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs ! 329: ! 330: If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest ! 331: possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it ! 332: free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. ! 333: ! 334: To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest ! 335: to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively ! 336: convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least ! 337: the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. ! 338: ! 339: @smallexample ! 340: @var{one line to give the program's name and an idea of what it does.} ! 341: Copyright (C) 19@var{yy} @var{name of author} ! 342: ! 343: This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or ! 344: modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License ! 345: as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 ! 346: of the License, or (at your option) any later version. ! 347: ! 348: This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, ! 349: but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of ! 350: MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the ! 351: GNU General Public License for more details. ! 352: ! 353: You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along ! 354: with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., ! 355: 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. ! 356: @end smallexample ! 357: ! 358: Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. ! 359: ! 360: If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this ! 361: when it starts in an interactive mode: ! 362: ! 363: @smallexample ! 364: Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19@var{yy} @var{name of author} ! 365: Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details ! 366: type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome ! 367: to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' ! 368: for details. ! 369: @end smallexample ! 370: ! 371: The hypothetical commands @samp{show w} and @samp{show c} should show ! 372: the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the ! 373: commands you use may be called something other than @samp{show w} and ! 374: @samp{show c}; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever ! 375: suits your program. ! 376: ! 377: You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your ! 378: school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if ! 379: necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: ! 380: ! 381: @smallexample ! 382: @group ! 383: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright ! 384: interest in the program `Gnomovision' ! 385: (which makes passes at compilers) written ! 386: by James Hacker. ! 387: ! 388: @var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989 ! 389: Ty Coon, President of Vice ! 390: @end group ! 391: @end smallexample ! 392: ! 393: This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into ! 394: proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may ! 395: consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the ! 396: library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General ! 397: Public License instead of this License.
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