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1.1 root 1: @node Copying
2: @appendix GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
3:
4: @cindex GPL, GNU General Public License
5: @center Version 2, June 1991
6:
7: @display
8: Copyright @copyright{} 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
9: 59 Temple Place -- Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA
10:
11: Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
12: of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
13: @end display
14:
15: @appendixsubsec Preamble
16:
17: The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
18: freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
19: License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
20: software---to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
21: General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
22: Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
23: using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
24: the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
25: your programs, too.
26:
27: When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
28: price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
29: have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
30: this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
31: if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
32: in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
33:
34: To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
35: anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
36: These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
37: distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
38:
39: For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
40: gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
41: you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
42: source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
43: rights.
44:
45: We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
46: (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
47: distribute and/or modify the software.
48:
49: Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
50: that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
51: software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
52: want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
53: that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
54: authors' reputations.
55:
56: Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
57: patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
58: program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
59: program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
60: patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
61:
62: The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
63: modification follow.
64:
65: @iftex
66: @appendixsubsec TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
67: @end iftex
68: @ifinfo
69: @center TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
70: @end ifinfo
71:
72: @enumerate
73: @item
74: This License applies to any program or other work which contains
75: a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
76: under the terms of this General Public License. The ``Program'', below,
77: refers to any such program or work, and a ``work based on the Program''
78: means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
79: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
80: either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
81: language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
82: the term ``modification''.) Each licensee is addressed as ``you''.
83:
84: Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
85: covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
86: running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
87: is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
88: Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
89: Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
90:
91: @item
92: You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
93: source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
94: conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
95: copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
96: notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
97: and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
98: along with the Program.
99:
100: You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
101: you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
102:
103: @item
104: You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
105: of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
106: distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
107: above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
108:
109: @enumerate a
110: @item
111: You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
112: stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
113:
114: @item
115: You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
116: whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
117: part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
118: parties under the terms of this License.
119:
120: @item
121: If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
122: when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
123: interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
124: announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
125: notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
126: a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
127: these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
128: License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
129: does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
130: the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
131: @end enumerate
132:
133: These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
134: identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
135: and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
136: themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
137: sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
138: distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
139: on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
140: this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
141: entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
142:
143: Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
144: your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
145: exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
146: collective works based on the Program.
147:
148: In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
149: with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
150: a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
151: the scope of this License.
152:
153: @item
154: You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
155: under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
156: Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
157:
158: @enumerate a
159: @item
160: Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
161: source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
162: 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
163:
164: @item
165: Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
166: years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
167: cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
168: machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
169: distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
170: customarily used for software interchange; or,
171:
172: @item
173: Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
174: to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
175: allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
176: received the program in object code or executable form with such
177: an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
178: @end enumerate
179:
180: The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
181: making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
182: code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
183: associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
184: control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a
185: special exception, the source code distributed need not include
186: anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
187: form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
188: operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
189: itself accompanies the executable.
190:
191: If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
192: access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
193: access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
194: distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
195: compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
196:
197: @item
198: You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
199: except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
200: otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
201: void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
202: However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
203: this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
204: parties remain in full compliance.
205:
206: @item
207: You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
208: signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
209: distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
210: prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
211: modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
212: Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
213: all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
214: the Program or works based on it.
215:
216: @item
217: Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
218: Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
219: original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
220: these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
221: restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
222: You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
223: this License.
224:
225: @item
226: If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
227: infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
228: conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
229: otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
230: excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
231: distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
232: License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
233: may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
234: license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
235: all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
236: the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
237: refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
238:
239: If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
240: any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
241: apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
242: circumstances.
243:
244: It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
245: patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
246: such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
247: integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
248: implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
249: generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
250: through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
251: system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
252: to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
253: impose that choice.
254:
255: This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
256: be a consequence of the rest of this License.
257:
258: @item
259: If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
260: certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
261: original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
262: may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
263: those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
264: countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
265: the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
266:
267: @item
268: The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
269: of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
270: be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
271: address new problems or concerns.
272:
273: Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
274: specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and ``any
275: later version'', you have the option of following the terms and conditions
276: either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
277: Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
278: this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
279: Foundation.
280:
281: @item
282: If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
283: programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
284: to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
285: Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
286: make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
287: of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
288: of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
289:
290: @iftex
291: @heading NO WARRANTY
292: @end iftex
293: @ifinfo
294: @center NO WARRANTY
295: @end ifinfo
296:
297: @item
298: BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
299: FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
300: OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
301: PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
302: OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
303: MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
304: TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
305: PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
306: REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
307:
308: @item
309: IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
310: WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
311: REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
312: INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
313: OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
314: TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
315: YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
316: PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
317: POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
318: @end enumerate
319:
320: @iftex
321: @heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
322: @end iftex
323: @ifinfo
324: @center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
325: @end ifinfo
326:
327: @page
328: @unnumberedsec How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
329:
330: If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
331: possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
332: free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
333:
334: To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
335: to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
336: convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
337: the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
338:
339: @smallexample
340: @var{one line to give the program's name and an idea of what it does.}
341: Copyright (C) 19@var{yy} @var{name of author}
342:
343: This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
344: modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
345: as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
346: of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
347:
348: This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
349: but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
350: MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
351: GNU General Public License for more details.
352:
353: You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
354: with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
355: 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
356: @end smallexample
357:
358: Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
359:
360: If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
361: when it starts in an interactive mode:
362:
363: @smallexample
364: Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19@var{yy} @var{name of author}
365: Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details
366: type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome
367: to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c'
368: for details.
369: @end smallexample
370:
371: The hypothetical commands @samp{show w} and @samp{show c} should show
372: the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the
373: commands you use may be called something other than @samp{show w} and
374: @samp{show c}; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items---whatever
375: suits your program.
376:
377: You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
378: school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if
379: necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
380:
381: @smallexample
382: @group
383: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright
384: interest in the program `Gnomovision'
385: (which makes passes at compilers) written
386: by James Hacker.
387:
388: @var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1989
389: Ty Coon, President of Vice
390: @end group
391: @end smallexample
392:
393: This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
394: proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
395: consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
396: library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
397: Public License instead of this License.
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