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1.1 root 1: .TH FTP 1C "18 July 1983"
2: .UC 4
3: .SH NAME
4: ftp \- file transfer program
5: .SH SYNOPSIS
6: .B ftp
7: [
8: .B \-v
9: ] [
10: .B \-d
11: ] [
12: .B \-i
13: ] [
14: .B \-n
15: ] [
16: .B \-g
17: ] [
18: .B host
19: ]
20: .SH DESCRIPTION
21: .I Ftp
22: is the user interface to the ARPANET standard File Transfer Protocol.
23: The program allows a user to transfer files to and from a
24: remote network site.
25: .PP
26: The client host with which
27: .I ftp
28: is to communicate may be specified on the command line.
29: If this is done,
30: .I ftp
31: will immediately attempt to establish a connection to an FTP
32: server on that host; otherwise,
33: .I ftp
34: will enter its command interpreter and await instructions
35: from the user. When
36: .I ftp
37: is awaiting commands from the user the prompt \*(lqftp>\*(rq
38: is provided the user. The following commands are recognized
39: by
40: .IR ftp :
41: .TP
42: .B \&!
43: Invoke a shell on the local machine.
44: .TP
45: .B \&!command
46: Invoke a command on the local machine.
47: .TP
48: \fBappend\fP \fIlocal-file\fP [ \fIremote-file\fP ]
49: Append a local file to a file on the remote machine. If
50: .I remote-file
51: is left unspecified, the local file name is used in naming the
52: remote file. File transfer uses the current settings for
53: .IR type ,
54: .IR format ,
55: .IR mode ,
56: and
57: .IR structure .
58: .TP
59: .B ascii
60: Set the file transfer
61: .I type
62: to network ASCII. This is the default type.
63: .TP
64: .B bell
65: Arrange that a bell be sounded after each file transfer
66: command is completed.
67: .TP
68: .B binary
69: Set the file transfer
70: .I type
71: to support binary image transfer.
72: .TP
73: .B bye
74: Terminate the FTP session with the remote server
75: and exit
76: .IR ftp .
77: .TP
78: .BI cd " remote-directory"
79: Change the working directory on the remote machine
80: to
81: .IR remote-directory .
82: .TP
83: .B close
84: Terminate the FTP session with the remote server, and
85: return to the command interpreter.
86: .TP
87: .BI delete " remote-file"
88: Delete the file
89: .I remote-file
90: on the remote machine.
91: .TP
92: \fBdebug\fP [ \fIdebug-value\fP ]
93: Toggle debugging mode. If an optional
94: .I debug-value
95: is specified it is used to set the debugging level.
96: When debugging is on,
97: .I ftp
98: prints each command sent to the remote machine, preceded
99: by the string \*(lq-->\*(rq.
100: .TP
101: \fBdir\fP [ \fIremote-directory\fP ] [ \fIlocal-file\fP ]
102: Print a listing of the directory contents in the
103: directory,
104: .IR remote-directory ,
105: and, optionally, placing the output in
106: .IR local-file .
107: If no directory is specified, the current working
108: directory on the remote machine is used. If no local
109: file is specified, output comes to the terminal.
110: .TP
111: .BI form " format"
112: Set the file transfer
113: .I form
114: to
115: .IR format .
116: The default format is \*(lqfile\*(rq.
117: .TP
118: \fBget\fP \fIremote-file\fP [ \fIlocal-file\fP ]
119: Retrieve the
120: .I remote-file
121: and store it on the local machine. If the local
122: file name is not specified, it is given the same
123: name it has on the remote machine.
124: The current settings for
125: .IR type ,
126: .IR form ,
127: .IR mode ,
128: and
129: .I structure
130: are used while transferring the file.
131: .TP
132: \fBhash\f
133: Toggle hash-sign (``#'') printing for each data block
134: transferred. The size of a data block is 1024 bytes.
135: .TP
136: .B glob
137: Toggle file name globbing. With file name globbing enabled,
138: each local file or pathname is processed for
139: .IR csh (1)
140: metacharacters. These characters include ``*?[]~{}''.
141: Remote files specified in mutliple item commands, e.g.
142: .IR mput ,
143: are globbed by the remote server. With globbing disabled
144: all files and pathnames are treated literally.
145: .TP
146: \fBhelp\fP [ \fIcommand\fP ]
147: Print an informative message about the meaning of
148: .IR command .
149: If no argument is given,
150: .I ftp
151: prints a list of the known commands.
152: .TP
153: \fBlcd\fP [ \fIdirectory\fP ]
154: Change the working directory on the local machine. If
155: no
156: .I directory
157: is specified, the user's home directory is used.
158: .TP
159: \fBls\fP [ \fIremote-directory\fP ] [ \fIlocal-file\fP ]
160: Print an abbreviated listing of the contents of a
161: directory on the remote machine. If
162: .I remote-directory
163: is left unspecified, the current working directory
164: is used. If no local file is specified, the output
165: is sent to the terminal.
166: .TP
167: \fBmdelete\fP \fIremote-files\fP
168: Delete the specified files on the remote machine. If globbing
169: is enabled, the specification of remote files will first be
170: expanded using
171: .IR ls .
172: .TP
173: \fBmdir\fP \fIremote-files\fP \fIlocal-file\fP
174: Obtain a directory listing of multiple files on the remote
175: machine and place the result in
176: .IR local-file .
177: .TP
178: \fBmget\fP \fIremote-files\fP
179: Retrieve the specified files from the remote machine and
180: place them in the current local directory. If globbing
181: is enabled, the specification of remote files will first be
182: expanding using
183: .IR ls .
184: .TP
185: \fBmkdir\fP \fIdirectory-name\fP
186: Make a directory on the remote machine.
187: .TP
188: \fBmls\fP \fIremote-files\fP \fIlocal-file\fP
189: Obtain an abbreviated listing of multiple files on the remote
190: machine and place the result in
191: .IR local-file .
192: .TP
193: \fBmode\fP [ \fImode-name\fP ]
194: Set the file transfer
195: .I mode
196: to
197: .IR mode-name .
198: The default mode is \*(lqstream\*(rq mode.
199: .TP
200: \fBmput\fP \fIlocal-files\fP
201: Transfer multiple local files from the current local directory
202: to the current working directory on the remote machine.
203: .TP
204: \fBopen\fP \fIhost\fP [ \fIport\fP ]
205: Establish a connection to the specified
206: .I host
207: FTP server. An optional port number may be supplied,
208: in which case,
209: .I ftp
210: will attempt to contact an FTP server at that port.
211: If the
212: .I auto-login
213: option is on (default),
214: .I ftp
215: will also attempt to automatically log the user in to
216: the FTP server (see below).
217: .TP
218: .B prompt
219: Toggle interactive prompting. Interactive prompting
220: occurs during multiple file transfers to allow the
221: user to selectively retrieve or store files. If
222: prompting is turned off (default), any
223: .I mget
224: or
225: .I mput
226: will transfer all files.
227: .TP
228: \fBput\fP \fIlocal-file\fP [ \fIremote-file\fP ]
229: Store a local file on the remote machine. If
230: .I remote-file
231: is left unspecified, the local file name is used
232: in naming the remote file. File transfer uses the
233: current settings for
234: .IR type ,
235: .IR format ,
236: .IR mode ,
237: and
238: .IR structure .
239: .TP
240: .B pwd
241: Print the name of the current working directory on the remote
242: machine.
243: .TP
244: .B quit
245: A synonym for bye.
246: .TP
247: .BI quote " arg1 arg2 ..."
248: The arguments specified are sent, verbatim, to the remote FTP
249: server. A single FTP reply code is expected in return.
250: .TP
251: \fBrecv\fP \fIremote-file\fP [ \fIlocal-file\fP ]
252: A synonym for get.
253: .TP
254: \fBremotehelp\fP [ \fIcommand-name\fP ]
255: Request help from the remote FTP server. If a
256: .I command-name
257: is specified it is supplied to the server as well.
258: .TP
259: \fBrename\fP [ \fIfrom\fP ] [ \fIto\fP ]
260: Rename the file
261: .I from
262: on the remote machine, to the file
263: .IR to .
264: .TP
265: .BI rmdir " directory-name"
266: Delete a directory on the remote machine.
267: .TP
268: \fBsend\fP \fIlocal-file\fP [ \fIremote-file\fP ]
269: A synonym for put.
270: .TP
271: .B sendport
272: Toggle the use of PORT commands. By default,
273: .I ftp
274: will attempt to use a PORT command when establishing
275: a connection for each data transfer. If the PORT
276: command fails,
277: .I ftp
278: will use the default data port. When the use of PORT
279: commands is disabled, no attempt will be made to use
280: PORT commands for each data transfer. This is useful
281: for certain FTP implementations which do ignore PORT
282: commands but, incorrectly, indicate they've been accepted.
283: .TP
284: .B status
285: Show the current status of
286: .IR ftp .
287: .TP
288: \fBstruct\fP [ \fIstruct-name\fP ]
289: Set the file transfer
290: .I structure
291: to
292: .IR struct-name .
293: By default \*(lqstream\*(rq structure is used.
294: .TP
295: .B tenex
296: Set the file transfer type to that needed to
297: talk to TENEX machines.
298: .TP
299: .B trace
300: Toggle packet tracing.
301: .TP
302: \fBtype\fP [ \fItype-name\fP ]
303: Set the file transfer
304: .I type
305: to
306: .IR type-name .
307: If no type is specified, the current type
308: is printed. The default type is network ASCII.
309: .TP
310: \fBuser\fP \fIuser-name\fP [ \fIpassword\fP ] [ \fIaccount\fP ]
311: Identify yourself to the remote FTP server. If the
312: password is not specified and the server requires it,
313: .I ftp
314: will prompt the user for it (after disabling local echo).
315: If an account field is not specified, and the FTP server
316: requires it, the user will be prompted for it. Unless
317: .I ftp
318: is invoked with \*(lqauto-login\*(rq disabled, this
319: process is done automatically on initial connection to
320: the FTP server.
321: .TP
322: .B verbose
323: Toggle verbose mode. In verbose mode, all responses from
324: the FTP server are displayed to the user. In addition,
325: if verbose is on, when a file transfer completes, statistics
326: regarding the efficiency of the transfer are reported. By default,
327: verbose is on.
328: .TP
329: \fB?\fP [ \fIcommand\fP ]
330: A synonym for help.
331: .PP
332: Command arguments which have embedded spaces may be quoted with
333: quote (") marks.
334: .SH "FILE NAMING CONVENTIONS"
335: Files specified as arguments to
336: .I ftp
337: commands are processed according to the following rules.
338: .TP
339: 1)
340: If the file name \*(lq\-\*(rq is specified, the
341: .B stdin
342: (for reading) or
343: .B stdout
344: (for writing) is used.
345: .TP
346: 2)
347: If the first character of the file name is \*(lq|\*(rq, the
348: remainder of the argument is interpreted as a shell command.
349: .I Ftp
350: then forks a shell, using
351: .IR popen (3)
352: with the argument supplied, and reads (writes) from the stdout
353: (stdin). If the shell command includes spaces, the argument
354: must be quoted; e.g. \*(lq"| ls -lt"\*(rq. A particularly
355: useful example of this mechanism is: \*(lqdir |more\*(rq.
356: .TP
357: 3)
358: Failing the above checks, if ``globbing'' is enabled,
359: local file names are expanded
360: according to the rules used in the
361: .IR csh (1);
362: c.f. the
363: .I glob
364: command.
365: .SH "FILE TRANSFER PARAMETERS"
366: The FTP specification specifies many parameters which may
367: affect a file transfer. The
368: .I type
369: may be one of \*(lqascii\*(rq, \*(lqimage\*(rq (binary),
370: \*(lqebcdic\*(rq, and \*(lqlocal byte size\*(rq (for PDP-10's
371: and PDP-20's mostly).
372: .I Ftp
373: supports the ascii and image types of file transfer.
374: .PP
375: .I Ftp
376: supports only the default values for the remaining
377: file transfer parameters:
378: .IR mode ,
379: .IR form ,
380: and
381: .IR struct .
382: .SH OPTIONS
383: Options may be specified at the command line, or to the
384: command interpreter.
385: .PP
386: The
387: .B \-v
388: (verbose on) option forces
389: .I ftp
390: to show all responses from the remote server, as well
391: as report on data transfer statistics.
392: .PP
393: The
394: .B \-n
395: option restrains
396: .I ftp
397: from attempting \*(lqauto-login\*(rq upon initial connection.
398: If auto-login is enabled,
399: .I ftp
400: will check the
401: .I .netrc
402: file in the user's home directory for an entry describing
403: an account on the remote machine. If no entry exists,
404: .I ftp
405: will use the login name on the local machine as the user
406: identity on the remote machine, and prompt for a password
407: and, optionally, an account with which to login.
408: .PP
409: The
410: .B \-i
411: option turns off interactive prompting during
412: mutliple file transfers.
413: .PP
414: The
415: .B \-d
416: option enables debugging.
417: .PP
418: The
419: .B \-g
420: option disables file name globbing.
421: .PP
422: .SH NOTE
423: The syntax of file transfer commands is different from that of
424: .B cp(1)
425: or
426: .B rcp(1C);
427: directory names cannot be specified in file transfer commands.
428: .SH SEE ALSO
429: ftpd(8C) on how FTP server authenticates remote users.
430: .SH BUGS
431: Many FTP server implementation do not support the experimental
432: operations such as print working directory. Aborting a file
433: transfer does not work right; if one attempts this the local
434: .I ftp
435: will likely have to be killed by hand.
436: .PP
437: If a command is interrupted,
438: .I ftp
439: does not discard the interrupted command's output which is then
440: displayed
441: .I after
442: the
443: .I next
444: command is given. The output is quite confusing.
445: .PP
446: If the user uses the command
447: .I sendport
448: to reuse the same port number for each file transfer, he should wait
449: for approximately 1 minute between each transfer. Otherwise, if the
450: FTP server does not retry when failed to connect, the user
451: .I ftp
452: might hang waiting for the server connection.
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