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1.1 root 1: .TH LOGIN 1 "1 April 1981"
2: .UC 4
3: .SH NAME
4: login \- sign on
5: .SH SYNOPSIS
6: .B login
7: [ username ]
8: .SH DESCRIPTION
9: The
10: .I login
11: command
12: is used when a user initially
13: signs on, or it may be used at any time to change
14: from one user to another.
15: The latter case is the one summarized above and
16: described here.
17: See \*(lqHow to Get Started\*(rq for how to dial up initially.
18: .PP
19: If
20: .I login
21: is invoked without an argument,
22: it asks for a user name, and, if
23: appropriate, a password.
24: Echoing is turned off (if possible) during the typing of the password,
25: so it will not appear on the written record of the
26: session.
27: .PP
28: After a successful login,
29: accounting files are updated and
30: the user is informed of the
31: existence of mail,
32: and
33: the message of the day is printed,
34: as is the time he last logged in (unless he has a \*(lq.hushlogin\*(rq
35: file in his home directory \- this
36: is mostly used to make life easier for non-human users, such as
37: .IR uucp ).
38: .PP
39: .I Login
40: initializes the user and group IDs and the working directory,
41: then executes a command interpreter (usually
42: .IR sh (1))
43: according to specifications found in a password file.
44: Argument 0 of the command interpreter is \*(lq\-sh\*(rq, or
45: more generally the name of the command interpreter with
46: a leading dash (\*(lq\-\*(rq) prepended.
47: .PP
48: Login also initializes the
49: environment
50: .IR environ (7)
51: with information specifying home directory, command interpreter, terminal
52: type (if available) and user name.
53: .PP
54: If the file /etc/nologin exists
55: .I login
56: prints its contents on the user's terminal and exits. This is
57: used by
58: .IR shutdown (8)
59: to stop users logging in when the system is about to go down.
60: .PP
61: Login is recognized by
62: .IR sh (1)
63: and
64: .IR csh (1)
65: and executed directly (without forking).
66: .SH FILES
67: .ta \w'/usr/spool/mail/*\ \ 'u
68: /etc/utmp accounting
69: .br
70: /usr/adm/wtmp accounting
71: .br
72: /usr/spool/mail/* mail
73: .br
74: /etc/motd message-of-the-day
75: .br
76: /etc/passwd password file
77: .br
78: /etc/nologin stops logins
79: .br
80: \&.hushlogin makes login quieter
81: .br
82: /etc/securetty lists ttys that root may log in on
83: .SH "SEE ALSO"
84: init(8), getty(8), mail(1), passwd(1), passwd(5), environ(7),
85: shutdown(8)
86: .SH DIAGNOSTICS
87: \*(lqLogin incorrect,\*(rq
88: if the name or the password is bad.
89: .br
90: \*(lqNo Shell\*(rq, \*(lqcannot open password file\*(rq,
91: \*(lqno directory\*(rq:
92: consult a programming counselor.
93: .SH BUGS
94: An undocumented option,
95: .B \-r
96: is used by the remote login server,
97: .IR rlogind (8C)
98: to force
99: .I login
100: to enter into an initial connection protocol.
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