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Annotation of cci/usr/src/man/man1/ls.1, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .TH LS 1 "28 July 1983"
        !             2: .UC 4
        !             3: .SH NAME
        !             4: ls \- list contents of directory
        !             5: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !             6: .B ls
        !             7: [
        !             8: .B \-acdfgilqrstu1ACLFR
        !             9: ] name ...
        !            10: .br
        !            11: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            12: For each directory argument,
        !            13: .I ls
        !            14: lists the contents of the directory;
        !            15: for each file argument,
        !            16: .I ls
        !            17: repeats its name and any other information requested.
        !            18: By default, the output is sorted alphabetically.
        !            19: When no argument is given, the current directory is listed.
        !            20: When several arguments are given,
        !            21: the arguments are first sorted appropriately,
        !            22: but file arguments are processed
        !            23: before directories and their contents.
        !            24: .PP
        !            25: There are a large number of options:
        !            26: .TP
        !            27: .B \-l
        !            28: List in long format, giving mode, number of links, owner,
        !            29: size in bytes, and time of last modification
        !            30: for each file.
        !            31: (See below.)
        !            32: If the file is a special file the size field will instead contain
        !            33: the major and minor device numbers.
        !            34: If the file is a symbolic link the pathname of
        !            35: the linked-to file is printed preceded by ``\->''.
        !            36: .TP
        !            37: .B \-g
        !            38: Include the group ownership of the file in a long output.
        !            39: .TP
        !            40: .B \-t
        !            41: Sort by time modified (latest first) instead of
        !            42: by name.
        !            43: .TP
        !            44: .B \-a
        !            45: List all entries; in the absence of this option, entries whose
        !            46: names begin with a period
        !            47: .RB ( . )
        !            48: are
        !            49: .I not
        !            50: listed.
        !            51: .TP
        !            52: .B \-s
        !            53: Give size in kilobytes of each file.
        !            54: .TP
        !            55: .B \-d
        !            56: If argument is a directory, list only its name;
        !            57: often used with \fB\-l\fR to get the status of a directory.
        !            58: .TP
        !            59: .B \-L
        !            60: If argument is a symbolic link, list the file or directory the link references
        !            61: rather than the link itself.
        !            62: .TP
        !            63: .B \-r
        !            64: Reverse the order of sort to get reverse alphabetic
        !            65: or oldest first as appropriate.
        !            66: .TP
        !            67: .B \-u
        !            68: Use time of last access instead of last
        !            69: modification for sorting
        !            70: (with the \fB\-t\fP option)
        !            71: and/or printing (with the \fB\-l\fP option).
        !            72: .TP
        !            73: .B \-c
        !            74: Use time of file creation for sorting or printing.
        !            75: .TP
        !            76: .B \-i
        !            77: For each file, print the i-number in the first column of the report.
        !            78: .TP
        !            79: .B \-f
        !            80: Force each argument to be interpreted as a directory
        !            81: and list the name found in each slot.
        !            82: This option turns off
        !            83: .B "\-l, \-t, \-s,"
        !            84: and
        !            85: .B \-r,
        !            86: and
        !            87: turns on
        !            88: .B \-a;
        !            89: the order is the order in which entries
        !            90: appear in the directory.
        !            91: .TP
        !            92: .B \-F
        !            93: cause directories to be marked with a trailing `/',
        !            94: sockets with a trailing `=',
        !            95: symbolic links with a trailing `@', and executable
        !            96: files with a trailing `*'.
        !            97: .TP
        !            98: .B \-R
        !            99: recursively list subdirectories encountered.
        !           100: .TP
        !           101: .B \-1
        !           102: force one entry per line output format; this is the default when
        !           103: output is not to a terminal.
        !           104: .TP
        !           105: .B \-C
        !           106: force multi-column output; this is the default when output is to a terminal.
        !           107: .TP
        !           108: .B \-q
        !           109: force printing of non-graphic characters in file names as
        !           110: the character `?'; this is the default when output is to a terminal.
        !           111: .PP
        !           112: The mode printed under the
        !           113: .B \-l
        !           114: option contains 11 characters
        !           115: which are interpreted
        !           116: as follows:
        !           117: the first character is
        !           118: .TP 3
        !           119: .B d
        !           120: if the entry is a directory;
        !           121: .br
        !           122: .ns
        !           123: .TP 3
        !           124: .B b
        !           125: if the entry is a block-type special file;
        !           126: .br
        !           127: .ns
        !           128: .TP 3
        !           129: .B c
        !           130: if the entry is a character-type special file;
        !           131: .br
        !           132: .ns
        !           133: .TP 3
        !           134: .B l
        !           135: if the entry is a symbolic link;
        !           136: .br
        !           137: .ns
        !           138: .TP
        !           139: .B s
        !           140: if the entry is a socket, or
        !           141: .br
        !           142: .ns
        !           143: .TP 3
        !           144: .B  \-
        !           145: if the entry is a plain file.
        !           146: .PP
        !           147: The next 9 characters are interpreted
        !           148: as three sets of three bits each.
        !           149: The first set refers to owner permissions;
        !           150: the next to permissions to others in the same user-group;
        !           151: and the last to all others.
        !           152: Within each set the three characters indicate
        !           153: permission respectively to read, to write, or to
        !           154: execute the file as a program.
        !           155: For a directory, `execute' permission is interpreted
        !           156: to mean permission to search the directory.
        !           157: The permissions are indicated as follows:
        !           158: .TP 3
        !           159: .B  r
        !           160: if the file is readable;
        !           161: .br
        !           162: .ns
        !           163: .TP 3
        !           164: .B  w
        !           165: if the file is writable;
        !           166: .br
        !           167: .ns
        !           168: .TP 3
        !           169: .B  x
        !           170: if the file is executable;
        !           171: .br
        !           172: .ns
        !           173: .TP 3
        !           174: .B  \-
        !           175: if the indicated permission is not granted.
        !           176: .PP
        !           177: The group-execute permission character is given
        !           178: as
        !           179: .B s
        !           180: if the file has the set-group-id bit set;
        !           181: likewise the user-execute permission character is given
        !           182: as
        !           183: .B s
        !           184: if the file has the set-user-id bit set.
        !           185: .PP
        !           186: The last character of the mode (normally `x' or `\-') is 
        !           187: .B t
        !           188: if the 1000 bit of the mode is on.
        !           189: See
        !           190: .IR  chmod (1)
        !           191: for the meaning of this mode.
        !           192: .PP
        !           193: When the sizes of the files in a directory
        !           194: are listed, a total count of blocks,
        !           195: including indirect blocks is printed.
        !           196: .SH FILES
        !           197: /etc/passwd to get user id's for
        !           198: `ls \-l'.
        !           199: .br
        !           200: /etc/group to get group id's for
        !           201: `ls \-g'.
        !           202: .SH BUGS
        !           203: Newline and tab are considered printing characters in file names.
        !           204: .PP
        !           205: The output device is assumed to be 80 columns wide.
        !           206: .PP
        !           207: The option setting based on whether the output is a teletype is
        !           208: undesirable as ``ls\ \-s'' is much different than ``ls\ \-s\ |\ lpr''.
        !           209: On the other hand, not doing this setting would make old shell scripts
        !           210: which used
        !           211: .I ls
        !           212: almost certain losers.

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