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Annotation of cci/usr/src/man/man1/make.1, revision 1.1

1.1     ! root        1: .TH MAKE 1  "18 January 1983"
        !             2: .UC 4
        !             3: .SH NAME
        !             4: make \- maintain program groups
        !             5: .SH SYNOPSIS
        !             6: .B make
        !             7: [
        !             8: .B \-f
        !             9: makefile ] [ option ] ...
        !            10: file ...
        !            11: .SH DESCRIPTION
        !            12: .I Make
        !            13: executes commands in
        !            14: .I makefile
        !            15: to update
        !            16: one or more target
        !            17: .IR names .
        !            18: .I Name
        !            19: is typically a program.
        !            20: If no
        !            21: .B \-f
        !            22: option is present, `makefile' and `Makefile' are
        !            23: tried in order.
        !            24: If
        !            25: .I makefile
        !            26: is `\-', the standard input is taken.
        !            27: More than one
        !            28: .B \-f
        !            29: option may appear
        !            30: .PP
        !            31: .I Make
        !            32: updates a target if it depends on prerequisite files
        !            33: that have been modified since the target was last modified,
        !            34: or if the target does not exist.
        !            35: .PP
        !            36: .I Makefile
        !            37: contains a sequence of entries that specify dependencies.
        !            38: The first line of an entry is a
        !            39: blank-separated list of targets, then a colon,
        !            40: then a list of prerequisite files.
        !            41: Text following a semicolon, and all following lines
        !            42: that begin with a tab, are shell commands
        !            43: to be executed to update the target.
        !            44: If a name appears on the left of more than one `colon' line, then it depends
        !            45: on all of the names on the right of the colon on those lines, but only
        !            46: one command sequence may be specified for it.
        !            47: If a name appears on a line with a double colon
        !            48: .B "::"
        !            49: then the command sequence following that line is performed
        !            50: only if the name is out of date with respect to the names to the right
        !            51: of the double colon, and is not affected by other double colon lines
        !            52: on which that name may appear.
        !            53: .PP
        !            54: Two special forms of a name are recognized.
        !            55: A name like
        !            56: .IR a ( b )
        !            57: means the file named
        !            58: .I b
        !            59: stored in the archive named
        !            60: .I a.
        !            61: A name like
        !            62: .IR a (( b ))
        !            63: means the file stored in archive
        !            64: .I a
        !            65: containing the entry point
        !            66: .I b.
        !            67: .PP
        !            68: Sharp and newline surround comments.
        !            69: .PP
        !            70: The following makefile says that `pgm' depends on two
        !            71: files `a.o' and `b.o', and that they in turn depend on
        !            72: `.c' files and a common file `incl'.
        !            73: .RS 
        !            74: .HP
        !            75: .PD 0
        !            76: .nf
        !            77: pgm: a.o b.o
        !            78: cc a.o b.o \-lm \-o pgm
        !            79: .HP
        !            80: a.o: incl a.c
        !            81: cc \-c a.c
        !            82: .HP
        !            83: b.o: incl b.c
        !            84: cc \-c b.c
        !            85: .fi
        !            86: .RE
        !            87: .PD
        !            88: .PP
        !            89: .I Makefile
        !            90: entries of the form
        !            91: .PP
        !            92: .IP
        !            93: string1 = string2
        !            94: .PP
        !            95: are macro definitions.
        !            96: Subsequent appearances of 
        !            97: .RI $( string1 )
        !            98: or
        !            99: .RI ${ string1 }
        !           100: are replaced by
        !           101: .IR string2 .
        !           102: If
        !           103: .I string1
        !           104: is a single character, the parentheses or braces
        !           105: are optional.
        !           106: .PP
        !           107: .I Make 
        !           108: infers prerequisites for files for which
        !           109: .I makefile
        !           110: gives no construction commands.
        !           111: For example, a
        !           112: `.c' file may be inferred as prerequisite for a `.o' file
        !           113: and be compiled to produce the `.o' file.
        !           114: Thus the preceding example can be done more briefly:
        !           115: .RS
        !           116: .HP
        !           117: .PD 0
        !           118: .nf
        !           119: pgm: a.o b.o
        !           120: cc a.o b.o \-lm \-o pgm
        !           121: .HP
        !           122: a.o b.o: incl
        !           123: .fi
        !           124: .RE
        !           125: .PD
        !           126: .PP
        !           127: Prerequisites are inferred according to selected suffixes
        !           128: listed as the `prerequisites' for the special name `.SUFFIXES';
        !           129: multiple lists accumulate;
        !           130: an empty list clears what came before.
        !           131: Order is significant; the first possible name for which both
        !           132: a file and a rule as described in the next paragraph exist
        !           133: is inferred.
        !           134: The default list is
        !           135: .IP
        !           136: \&.SUFFIXES: .out .o .c .e .r .f .y .l .s .p
        !           137: .PP
        !           138: The rule to create a file with suffix
        !           139: .I s2
        !           140: that depends on a similarly named file with suffix
        !           141: .I s1
        !           142: is specified as an entry
        !           143: for the `target'
        !           144: .IR s1s2 .
        !           145: In such an entry, the special macro $* stands for
        !           146: the target name with suffix deleted, $@ for the full target name,
        !           147: $< for the complete list of prerequisites,
        !           148: and
        !           149: $? for the list of prerequisites that are out of date.
        !           150: For example, a rule for making
        !           151: optimized `.o' files from `.c' files is
        !           152: .IP
        !           153: \&.c.o: ; cc \-c \-O \-o $@ $*.c
        !           154: .PP
        !           155: Certain macros are used by the default inference rules
        !           156: to communicate optional arguments to
        !           157: any resulting compilations.
        !           158: In particular,
        !           159: `CFLAGS' is used for
        !           160: .IR cc (1)
        !           161: options,
        !           162: `FFLAGS' for
        !           163: .IR f77 (1)
        !           164: options,
        !           165: `PFLAGS' for
        !           166: .IR pc (1)
        !           167: options,
        !           168: and `LFLAGS' and `YFLAGS' for 
        !           169: .I lex
        !           170: and
        !           171: .IR yacc (1)
        !           172: options.  In addition, the macro `MFLAGS' is filled in
        !           173: with the initial command line options supplied to 
        !           174: .IR make .
        !           175: This simplifies maintaining a hierarchy of makefiles as
        !           176: one may then invoke 
        !           177: .I make
        !           178: on makefiles in subdirectories and pass along useful options
        !           179: such as
        !           180: .BR \-k .
        !           181: .PP
        !           182: Command lines are executed one at a time, each by its
        !           183: own shell.
        !           184: A line is printed when it is executed unless
        !           185: the special target `.SILENT'
        !           186: is in 
        !           187: .I makefile,
        !           188: or the first character of the command is `@'.
        !           189: .PP
        !           190: Commands returning nonzero status (see
        !           191: .IR intro (1))
        !           192: cause
        !           193: .I make
        !           194: to terminate unless
        !           195: the special target `.IGNORE' is in
        !           196: .I makefile
        !           197: or the command begins with
        !           198: <tab><hyphen>.
        !           199: .PP
        !           200: Interrupt and quit cause the target to be deleted
        !           201: unless the target is a directory or
        !           202: depends on the special name `.PRECIOUS'.
        !           203: .PP
        !           204: Other options:
        !           205: .TP
        !           206: .B \-i
        !           207: Equivalent to the special entry `.IGNORE:'.
        !           208: .TP
        !           209: .B \-k
        !           210: When a command returns nonzero status,
        !           211: abandon work on the current entry, but
        !           212: continue on branches that do not depend on the current entry.
        !           213: .TP
        !           214: .B \-n
        !           215: Trace and print, but do not execute the commands
        !           216: needed to update the targets.
        !           217: .TP
        !           218: .B \-t
        !           219: Touch, i.e. update the modified date of targets, without
        !           220: executing any commands.
        !           221: .TP
        !           222: .B \-r
        !           223: Equivalent to an initial special entry `.SUFFIXES:'
        !           224: with no list.
        !           225: .TP 
        !           226: .B \-s
        !           227: Equivalent to the special entry
        !           228: `.SILENT:'.
        !           229: .SH FILES
        !           230: makefile, Makefile
        !           231: .br
        !           232: .SH "SEE ALSO"
        !           233: sh(1), touch(1), f77(1), pc(1)
        !           234: .br
        !           235: S. I. Feldman
        !           236: .I
        !           237: Make \- A Program for Maintaining Computer Programs
        !           238: .SH BUGS
        !           239: Some commands return nonzero status inappropriately.
        !           240: Use
        !           241: .B \-i
        !           242: to overcome the difficulty.
        !           243: .br
        !           244: Commands that are directly executed by the shell,
        !           245: notably
        !           246: .IR  cd (1),
        !           247: are ineffectual across newlines in
        !           248: .I make.
        !           249: 

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