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1.1 ! root 1: .TH MORE 1 "27 April 1981" ! 2: .UC 4 ! 3: .SH NAME ! 4: more, page \- file perusal filter for crt viewing ! 5: .SH SYNOPSIS ! 6: .B more ! 7: [ ! 8: .B \-cdflsu ! 9: ] ! 10: [ ! 11: .B \-\fIn\fP ! 12: ] ! 13: [ ! 14: .B +\fIlinenumber\fP ! 15: ] ! 16: [ ! 17: .B +/\fIpattern\fP ! 18: ] [ name ... ] ! 19: .LP ! 20: .B page ! 21: .I "more options" ! 22: .SH DESCRIPTION ! 23: .I More ! 24: is a filter which allows examination of a continuous text ! 25: one screenful at a time on a soft-copy terminal. ! 26: It normally pauses after each screenful, printing --More-- ! 27: at the bottom of the screen. ! 28: If the user then types a carriage return, one more line is displayed. ! 29: If the user hits a space, ! 30: another screenful is displayed. Other possibilities are enumerated later. ! 31: .PP ! 32: The command line options are: ! 33: .TP ! 34: .I \-n ! 35: An integer which is the size (in lines) of the window which ! 36: .I more ! 37: will use instead of the default. ! 38: .TP ! 39: .B \-c ! 40: .I More ! 41: will draw each page by beginning at the top of the screen and erasing ! 42: each line just before it draws on it. ! 43: This avoids scrolling the screen, making it easier to read while ! 44: .I more ! 45: is writing. ! 46: This option will be ignored if the terminal does not have the ability ! 47: to clear to the end of a line. ! 48: .TP ! 49: .B \-d ! 50: .I More ! 51: will prompt the user with the message "Hit ! 52: space to continue, Rubout to abort" at the end of each screenful. ! 53: This is useful if ! 54: .I more ! 55: is being used as a filter in some setting, ! 56: such as a class, ! 57: where many users may be unsophisticated. ! 58: .TP ! 59: .B \-f ! 60: This causes ! 61: .I more ! 62: to count logical, rather than screen lines. ! 63: That is, long lines are not folded. ! 64: This option is recommended if ! 65: .I nroff ! 66: output is being piped through ! 67: .I ul, ! 68: since the latter may generate escape sequences. ! 69: These escape sequences contain characters which would ordinarily occupy ! 70: screen positions, but which do not print when they are sent to the ! 71: terminal as part of an escape sequence. ! 72: Thus ! 73: .I more ! 74: may think that lines are longer than they actually are, and fold ! 75: lines erroneously. ! 76: .TP ! 77: .B \-l ! 78: Do ! 79: not treat ^L (form feed) specially. ! 80: If this option is not given, ! 81: .I more ! 82: will pause after any line that contains a ^L, as if the end of a ! 83: screenful had been reached. ! 84: Also, if a file begins with a form feed, the screen will be cleared ! 85: before the file is printed. ! 86: .TP ! 87: .B \-s ! 88: Squeeze multiple blank lines from the output, producing only one blank ! 89: line. Especially helpful when viewing ! 90: .I nroff ! 91: output, this option maximizes the useful information present on the screen. ! 92: .TP ! 93: .B \-u ! 94: Normally, ! 95: .I more ! 96: will handle underlining such as produced by ! 97: .I nroff ! 98: in a manner appropriate to the particular terminal: if the terminal can ! 99: perform underlining or has a stand-out mode, ! 100: .I more ! 101: will output appropriate escape sequences to enable underlining or stand-out ! 102: mode for underlined information in the source file. The ! 103: .I \-u ! 104: option suppresses this processing. ! 105: .TP ! 106: .B +\fIlinenumber\fP ! 107: Start up at \fIlinenumber\fP. ! 108: .TP ! 109: .B +/\fIpattern\fP ! 110: Start up two lines before the line containing the ! 111: regular expression \fIpattern\fP. ! 112: .PP ! 113: If the program is invoked as ! 114: .I page, ! 115: then the screen is cleared before each screenful is printed (but only ! 116: if a full screenful is being printed), and ! 117: .I k ! 118: \- 1 rather ! 119: than ! 120: .I k ! 121: \- 2 lines are printed in each screenful, where ! 122: .I k ! 123: is the number of lines the terminal can display. ! 124: .PP ! 125: .I More ! 126: looks in the file ! 127: .I /etc/termcap ! 128: to determine terminal characteristics, ! 129: and to determine the default window size. ! 130: On a terminal capable of displaying 24 lines, ! 131: the default window size is 22 lines. ! 132: .PP ! 133: .I More ! 134: looks in the environment variable ! 135: .I MORE ! 136: to pre-set any flags desired. For example, if you prefer to view files using ! 137: the ! 138: .I \-c ! 139: mode of operation, the ! 140: .I csh ! 141: command ! 142: .I "setenv MORE -c" ! 143: or the ! 144: .I sh ! 145: command sequence ! 146: .I "MORE='-c' ; export MORE" ! 147: would cause all invocations of ! 148: .I more , ! 149: including invocations by programs such as ! 150: .I man ! 151: and ! 152: .I msgs , ! 153: to use this mode. ! 154: Normally, the user will place the command sequence which sets up the ! 155: .I MORE ! 156: environment variable in the ! 157: .I .cshrc ! 158: or ! 159: .I .profile ! 160: file. ! 161: .PP ! 162: If ! 163: .I more ! 164: is reading from a file, rather than a pipe, then a percentage is displayed ! 165: along with the --More-- prompt. ! 166: This gives the fraction of the file (in characters, not lines) that has been ! 167: read so far. ! 168: .PP ! 169: Other sequences which may be typed when ! 170: .I more ! 171: pauses, and their effects, are as follows (\fIi\fP is an optional integer ! 172: argument, defaulting to 1) : ! 173: .PP ! 174: .IP \fIi\|\fP<space> ! 175: display ! 176: .I i ! 177: more lines, (or another screenful if no argument is given) ! 178: .PP ! 179: .IP ^D ! 180: display 11 more lines (a ``scroll''). ! 181: If ! 182: .I i ! 183: is given, then the scroll size is set to \fIi\|\fP. ! 184: .PP ! 185: .IP d ! 186: same as ^D (control-D) ! 187: .PP ! 188: .IP \fIi\|\fPz ! 189: same as typing a space except that \fIi\|\fP, if present, becomes the new ! 190: window size. ! 191: .PP ! 192: .IP \fIi\|\fPs ! 193: skip \fIi\|\fP lines and print a screenful of lines ! 194: .PP ! 195: .IP \fIi\|\fPf ! 196: skip \fIi\fP screenfuls and print a screenful of lines ! 197: .PP ! 198: .IP "q or Q" ! 199: Exit from ! 200: .I more. ! 201: .PP ! 202: .IP = ! 203: Display the current line number. ! 204: .PP ! 205: .IP v ! 206: Start up the editor ! 207: .I vi ! 208: at the current line. ! 209: .PP ! 210: .IP h ! 211: Help command; give a description of all the ! 212: .I more ! 213: commands. ! 214: .PP ! 215: .IP \fIi\|\fP/expr ! 216: search for the \fIi\|\fP-th occurrence of the regular expression \fIexpr.\fP ! 217: If there are less than \fIi\fP occurrences of \fIexpr\|\fP, ! 218: and the input is a file (rather than a pipe), ! 219: then the position in the file remains unchanged. ! 220: Otherwise, a screenful is displayed, starting two lines before the place ! 221: where the expression was found. ! 222: The user's erase and kill characters may be used to edit the regular ! 223: expression. ! 224: Erasing back past the first column cancels the search command. ! 225: .PP ! 226: .IP \fIi\|\fPn ! 227: search for the \fIi\|\fP-th occurrence of the last regular expression entered. ! 228: .PP ! 229: .IP ' ! 230: (single quote) Go to the point from which the last search started. ! 231: If no search has been performed in the current file, this command ! 232: goes back to the beginning of the file. ! 233: .PP ! 234: .IP !command ! 235: invoke a shell with \fIcommand\|\fP. ! 236: The characters `%' and `!' in "command" are replaced with the ! 237: current file name and the previous shell command respectively. ! 238: If there is no current file name, `%' is not expanded. ! 239: The sequences "\\%" and "\\!" are replaced by "%" and "!" respectively. ! 240: .PP ! 241: .IP \fIi\|\fP:n ! 242: skip to the \fIi\|\fP-th next file given in the command line ! 243: (skips to last file if n doesn't make sense) ! 244: .PP ! 245: .IP \fIi\|\fP:p ! 246: skip to the \fIi\|\fP-th previous file given in the command line. ! 247: If this command is given in the middle of printing out a ! 248: file, then ! 249: .I more ! 250: goes back to the beginning of the file. If \fIi\fP doesn't make sense, ! 251: .I more ! 252: skips back to the first file. ! 253: If ! 254: .I more ! 255: is not reading from a file, the bell is rung and nothing else happens. ! 256: .PP ! 257: .IP :f ! 258: display the current file name and line number. ! 259: .PP ! 260: .IP ":q or :Q" ! 261: exit from ! 262: .I more ! 263: (same as q or Q). ! 264: .PP ! 265: .IP . ! 266: (dot) repeat the previous command. ! 267: .PP ! 268: The commands take effect immediately, i.e., it is not necessary to ! 269: type a carriage return. ! 270: Up to the time when the command character itself is given, ! 271: the user may hit the line kill character to cancel the numerical ! 272: argument being formed. ! 273: In addition, the user may hit the erase character to redisplay the ! 274: --More--(xx%) message. ! 275: .PP ! 276: At any time when output is being sent to the terminal, the user can ! 277: hit the quit key (normally control\-\\). ! 278: .I More ! 279: will stop sending output, and will display the usual --More-- ! 280: prompt. ! 281: The user may then enter one of the above commands in the normal manner. ! 282: Unfortunately, some output is lost when this is done, due to the ! 283: fact that any characters waiting in the terminal's output queue ! 284: are flushed when the quit signal occurs. ! 285: .PP ! 286: The terminal is set to ! 287: .I noecho ! 288: mode by this program so that the output can be continuous. ! 289: What you type will thus not show on your terminal, except for the / and ! ! 290: commands. ! 291: .PP ! 292: If the standard output is not a teletype, then ! 293: .I more ! 294: acts just like ! 295: .I cat, ! 296: except that a header is printed before each file (if there is ! 297: more than one). ! 298: .PP ! 299: .DT ! 300: A sample usage of ! 301: .I more ! 302: in previewing ! 303: .I nroff ! 304: output would be ! 305: .PP ! 306: nroff \-ms +2 doc.n | more -s ! 307: .SH AUTHOR ! 308: Eric Shienbrood, minor revisions by John Foderaro and Geoffrey Peck ! 309: .SH FILES ! 310: .DT ! 311: /etc/termcap Terminal data base ! 312: .br ! 313: /usr/lib/more.help Help file ! 314: .SH "SEE ALSO" ! 315: csh(1), man(1), msgs(1), script(1), sh(1), environ(7)
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